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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3335-3347页

作者： KRONVANG brian WINDOLF JФrgen GRANT Ruth ANDERSEN Hans E THODSEN Hans ovesen niels b LARSEN SФren E National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University VejlsФvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark

Nationwide monitoring of the aquatic environment was initiated in 1988 in Denmark as a means to follow the outcome of the Action Plans for nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Five Action Plans have been adopted by the Danish Parliament since 1985 and the nationwide monitoring programme can be used to quantify the outcome as shown by reductions in nutrient discharges from both point and non-point sources. Moreover, the empirical experience gathered from nearly 20 years of monitoring is assisting the development and calibration of models for simulation of nitrogen leaching, nitrogen removal in groundwater and surface waters and the establishment of a P-index all covering the entire land area of Denmark.

关键词： nitrogen phosphorus monitoring data point sources non-point sources models Action Plans Danish experience

Plethysmograph training:A refinement for collection of respiration data in mice

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2023年第4期6卷 369-374页

作者： Jorid b.Sørli Karin S.Hougaard niels Hadrup Chemical Work Environment The National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagenDenmark Department of Public Health University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Research Group for Risk-benefit National Food InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark

Inhaled chemicals can harm the *** effects can result in distinct changes in respiratory patterns;the type of change indicates where and how the respiratory system is ***,changes in respiratory patterns may be detected at much lower substance concentrations than those that cause more serious effects,such as histopathological *** in respiratory patterns can be studied experimentally by monitoring the breathing of mice placed in plethysmographs and exposing head-out to the test *** method is well established;however,it is not known if training mice in being restrained in the plethysmograph could increase the quality of data *** we report the results of training mice to be restrained in plethysmographs for 5 consecutive days,with respect to body weight,respiratory parameters,and time spent in the plethysmograph,before they are removed because of unstable breathing *** mice tolerated the procedure better(measured by time in the plethysmograph)on the second day of training than the first *** did not change the breathing parameters between *** parameters stabilized within 5 min after the mice were placed in the plethysmographs on all *** was an average of 3%weight loss between the first and last days of the training,indicating that the training procedure placed some strain on the *** reduces the number of mice attempting to escape from the plethysmograph.

关键词： Alarie assay refinement sensory irritation

Gestational diabetes: A clinical update

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第8期6卷 1065-1072页

作者： Ulla Kampmann Lene Ring Madsen Gitte Oeskov Skajaa Ditte Smed Iversen niels Moeller Per ovesen Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is increasing in prevalence in tandem with the dramatic increase inthe prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing *** controversy surrounds the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes,emphasizing the importance and relevance of clarity and *** newly proposed criteria are adopted universally a significantly growing number of women will be diagnosed as having GDM,implying new therapeutic challenges to avoid foetal and maternal complications related to the hyperglycemia of gestational *** review provides an overview of clinical issues related to GDM,including the challenges of screening and diagnosis,the pathophysiology behind GDM,the treatment and prevention of GDM and the long and short term consequences of gestational diabetes for both mother and offspring.

关键词： Gestational diabetes Diagnostic criteria Treatment Complications

Assimilation of Feng-Yun-3b Satellite Microwave Humidity Sounder Data over Land

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第3期35卷 268-275页

作者： Keyi CHEN niels bORMANN Stephen ENGLISH Jiang ZHU School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information & Technology Chengdu Sichuan 610225 China International Centre for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics China Beijing 100029 China European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading RG2 9AX UK

The ECMWF has been assimilating Feng-Yun-3b （FY-3b） satellite microwave humidity sounder （MWHS） data over ocean in an operational forecasting system since 24 September 2014, It is more difficult, however, to assimilate microwave observations over land and sea ice than over the open ocean due to higher uncertainties in land surface temperature, surface emissivity and less effective cloud screening. We compare approaches in which the emissivity is retrieved dynamically from MWHS channel l [150 GHz （vertical polarization）] with the use of an evolving emissivity atlas from 89 GHz observations from the MWHS onboard NOAA and EUMETSAT satellites. The assimilation of the additional data over land improves the fit of short-range forecasts to other observations, notably ATMS （Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder） humidity channels, and the forecast impacts are mainly neutral to slightly positive over the first five days. The forecast impacts are better in boreal summer and the Southern Hemisphere. These results suggest that the techniques tested allow for effective assimilation of MWHS/FY-3b data over land.

关键词： data assimilation over land Chinese satellite FY-3b Microwave Humidity Sounder

Axially variable-length solid element of absolute nodal coordinate formulation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第3期35卷 653-663页

作者： Jialiang Sun Qiang Tian Haiyan Hu niels L.Pedersen State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures College of Aerospace EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China MOE Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle School of Aerospace EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Mechanical Engineering Solid MechanicsTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark

An axially variable-length solid element with eight nodes is proposed by integrating the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation and the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). In addition to the nodal positions and slopes of eight nodes, two material coordinates in the axial direction are used as the generalized coordinates. As a consequence, the nodes in the ALE-ANCF are not associated with any specific material points and the axial length of the solid element can be varied over time. These two material coordinates give rise to a variable mass matrix and an additional inertial force vector. Computationally efficient formulae of the additional inertial forces and elastic forces, as well as their Jacobians, are also derived. The dynamic equation of a flexible multibody system (FMbS) with variable-length bodies is presented. The maximum and minimum lengths of the boundary elements of an FMbS have to be appropriately defined to ensure accuracy and non-singularity when solving the dynamic equation. Three numerical examples of static and dynamic problems are given to validate the variable-length solid elements of ALE-ANCF and show their capability.

关键词： Flexible multibody dynamics Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation Absolute nodal coordinate formulation Variable-length solid element

Measurement of the electronic structure of a type-Ⅱ topological Dirac semimetal candidate VAI_(3) using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

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Tungsten 2023年第3期5卷 332-338页

作者： Hong-Wei Fang Ai-Ji Liang niels b.M.Schroter Sheng-Tao Cui Zhong-Kai Liu Yu-Lin Chen School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Halle 06120Germany National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China Department of Physics University of OxfordOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom

Type-Ⅱ topological Dirac semimetals are topological quantum materials hosting Lorentz-symmetry breaking type-Ⅱ Dirac fermions,which are tilted Dirac cones with various exotic physical properties,such as anisotropic chiral anomalies and novel quantum *** now,only limited material systems have been confirmed by theory and experiments with the type-Ⅱ Dirac ***,we investigated the electronic structure of a new type-Ⅱ Dirac semimetal VA1_(3) with angle-resolved photoelectron *** measured band dispersions are consistent with the theoretical prediction,which suggests the Dirac points are located close to(at about 100 meV above) the Fermi *** work demonstrates a new type-Ⅱ Dirac semimetal candidate system with different Dirac node configurations and application potentials.

关键词： Dirac semimetal.Electronic structure Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy K evaporation

Compliant Mechanism Synthesis by Using Elastic Similitude

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第4期28卷 769-775页

作者： HANKE Uwe HAMPEL Peter COMSA Andrei MODLER niels MODLER Karl-Heinz Institute of Solid Mechanics TU Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology TU Dresden 01307 Dresden Germany

Compliant mechanisms have several advantages, especially smaller number of elements and therefore less movable joints. The flexural members furthermore allow an integration of special functions like balancing or locking. Especially fiber reinforced materials exhibit a wide range of function integration considering their compliance in passive as well active applications. To take advantage of compliant elements in applications a robust synthesis tool is needed. The synthesis based on topology optimization method or the pseudo rigid body approach leads to complex structures. Considering the use of fiber reinforced material a synthesis approach which leads to less complex structures is more suitable. For building up simple structures, with only one cantilever beam as compliant element（b） a graphical approach using the elastic similitude is the most efficient method. A step-by-step synthesis procedure is presented to synthesize compliant mechanisms with rotatory joints（R） and prismatic joints（P） to develop RRb/PRb- and RPb-linkages. Using the elastic similitude to implement these results into a graphical synthesis algorithm is the innovation part of this paper. It can be shown that this approach leads to a comfortable handling of beam elements during the synthesis, where the two free parameters can be directly coupled to scale and fix the orientation of the beam element. This advantage inherently shortens the development process. In giving an example the focus lies of the experimental approach, which also shows that the simple bERNOULLI beam model is valid and so the synthesis by using the elastic similitude. The method is presented and discussed by using an application for a cup holder mechanism made of fiber reinforced material.

关键词： Compliant mechanism synthesis elastic similitude

From oral formulations to drug-eluting implants:using 3D and 4D printing to develop drug delivery systems and personalized medicine

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bio-Design and Manufacturing 2022年第1期5卷 85-106页

作者： niels G.A.Willemen Margaretha A.J.Morsink Devin Veerman Classius F.da Silva Juliana C.Cardoso Eliana b.Souto Patrícia Severino Center for biomedical Engineering Department of MedicineBrigham and Women&HospitalHarvard Medical School65 Landsdowne StreetMA 02139 CambridgeUSA Department of Developmental bioEngineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Translational Liver Research Department of Medical Cell BioPhysicsTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Targeted Therapeutics Department of Biomaterials Science and TechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of EnvironmentalChemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of São PauloRua São Nicolau210Diadema 09913‑030Brazil University of Tiradentes(Unit) and Institute of Technology and Research(ITP)Av.Murilo Dantas300Aracaju 49010‑390Brazil Faculty of Pharmacy University of CoimbraPólo das Ciências da SaúdeAzinhaga de Santa Comba3000‑548 CoimbraPortugal CEb‑Centre of biological Engineering University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‑057 BragaPortugal Tiradentes Institute 150 Mt Vernon StDorchesterMA 02125USA

Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown *** short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical treatment that is tuned to the *** possible way to realize personalized medicine is 3D *** using materials that can be tuned upon stimulation,4D printing is *** recent years,many studies have been exploring a new field that combines 3D and 4D printing with *** has resulted in many concepts of pharmaceutical devices and formulations that can be printed and,possibly,tailored to an ***,the first 3D printed drug,Spritam®,has already found its way to the *** review gives an overview of various 3D and 4D printing techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems and personalized medicine.

关键词： Drug delivery systems 3D/4D printing Drug-eluting implants Microneedles Oral formulations

Sequencing of 231 forensic genetic markers using the MiSeq FGxTM forensic genomics system-an evaluation of the assay and software

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第2期3卷 111-123页

作者： Christian Hussing Christina Huber Rajmonda bytyci Helle S.Mogensen niels Morling Claus bφrsting Section of Forensic Genetics Department of Forensic MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

The MiSeq FGx^(TM) Forensic Genomics System types 231 genetic markers in one multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) *** markers include core forensic short tandem repeats (STRs) as well as identity,ancestry and phenotype informative short nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).In this work,the MiSeq FGx^(TM) Forensic Genomics System was evaluated by analysing reproducibility,sensitivity,mixture identification and forensic phenotyping capabilities of the ***,the genotype calling of the ForenSeq^(TM) Universal Analysis Software was verified by analysing *** files from the MiSeq FGx^(TM) platform using the softwares STRinNGS and ***,the performance of the MiSeq FGx^(TM) Forensic Genomics System was ***,locus and allele drop-outs were relatively frequent at six loci (two STRs and four human identification SNPs) due to low read depth or skewed heterozygote balances,and the stutter ratios were larger than those observed with conventional STR genotyping *** risk of locus and allele drop-outs increased dramatically when the amount of DNA in the first PCR was lower than 250 ***-person 50∶1 mixtures were identified as mixtures,whereas 100∶1 and 1000∶1 mixtures were not.Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) alleles were detected in the 100∶1 and 1000∶1 female/male *** ForenSeq^(TM) Universal Analysis Software provided the data analyst with useful alerts that simplified the analysis of the large number of *** of the alerts were due to user-defined,locus-specific *** results shown here indicated that the default settings should be altered for some ***,recommended changes to the assay and software are discussed.

关键词： Forensic science forensic genetics next generation sequencing short tandem repeats single nucleotide polymorphisms ForenSeq^(TM)DNA Signature Prep Kit MiSeq FGx^(TM)Forensic Genomics System

Physiological and perceptual responses to sprint interval exercise using arm versus leg cycling ergometry

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 385-393页

作者： Todd A.Astorino Shealin Pierce Madisen b.Piva Richard S.Metcalfe niels b.J.Vollaard Department of Kinesiology CSU—San MarcosSan MarcosCAUSA Applied Sports TechnologyExercise and Medicine(A-STEM)Research CenterSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport University of StirlingStirlingUK

Increases in power output and maximal oxygen consumption(V_O2max)occur in response to sprint interval exercise(SIE),but common use of“all-out”intensities presents a barrier for many ***,lower-body SIE is not feasible for all *** compared physiological and perceptual responses to supramaximal,but“nonall-out”SIE between leg and arm cycling ***-four active adults(mean±SD age:[25±7]y;cycling VO_(2)max:[39±7]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))performed incremental exercise using leg(LCE)and arm cycle ergometry(ACE)to determine VO_(2)max and maximal work capacity(Wmax).Subsequently,they performed four 20 s bouts of SIE at 130% Wmax on the LCE or ACE at cadence=120-130 rev/min,with 2 min recovery between *** exchange data,heart rate(HR),blood lactate concentration(bLa),rating of perceived exertion(RPE),and affective valence were *** showed significantly lower(pbsolute mean([1.24±0.31]L·min^(-1) vs.[1.59±0.34]L·min^(-1);d=1.08)and peak VO_(2)([1.79±0.48]L·min^(-1) vs.[2.10±0.44]L·min^(-1);d=0.70)with ACE versus ***,ACE elicited significantly higher(pbLa was significantly higher([7.0±1.7]mM vs.[5.7±1.5]mM,p=0.024,d?0.83)for LCE versus *** was no significant effect of modality on RPE or affective valence(p>0.42),and lowest affective valence recorded(2.0±1.8)was considered“good to fairly good”.Data show that non“all-out”ACE elicits lower absolute but higher relative HR and VO_(2) compared to *** aversive perceptual responses could make this non-all-out modality feasible for inactive adults.

关键词： High intensity interval training Upper body exercise Peak power output Oxygen uptake blood lactate concentration