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Climatological Hydric Balance and the Trends Analysis Climatic in the Region of Machado in Minas Gerais State,Brazil

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第4期7卷 558-574页

作者： Gustavo Souza Rodrigues Fernando Ferrari Putti Antonio carlos da Silva Alisson Souza de oliveira Luís Roberto Almeida Gabriel Filho Jose Rosário Vellano University(UNIFENAS) AlfenasBrazil Machado Higher Education and Research Center(CESEP) MachadoBrazil Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho(UNESP) BotucatuBrazil

Lately the planet’s climate has been constantly changing, caused mainly by global warming which has exposed a great deal of concern to the population over the years. In order to understand the possible impacts that such changes may have on the environment and society in general, the importance of the analysis of climate and hydrological events trends and their performance in a region is justified. The objective of the present work was to perform the climatic classification and to evaluate the behavior of the Climatological Hydric Balance—CHB, from the region of Machado state of Minas Gerais—MG, taking into account a historical series of 55 years of climatic season data of the National Institute of Meteorology—INMET;to verify the occurrence of climatic changes by the temporal trends of precipitation and the average temperature, using the Mann-Kendall and Pettitt method;and the influence of these possible climate changes on CHB behavior and on the region’s climate classification. Based on the results found it verified the increase in the water deficit between the months of June to September and a reduction in the water surplus from November to February. By means of the trend analysis, there was a positive trend of increase in the average temperature of 1.6°C until the year 2100. The continuity and occurrence of these trends may have impacts on the economy, agriculture, the hydrological cycle, and consequently on the fauna, the flora and the population.

关键词： Climatic Series Global Warming IPCC

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Microstructural evolution during unsteady-state horizontal solidification of Al-Si-Mg(356) alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2018年第6期28卷 1073-1083页

作者： J.O.LIMA C.R.BARBOSA I.A.B.magno J.M.NASCIMENTO A.S.BARROS M.C.oliveira F.A.SOUZA O.L.ROCHA Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Para IFPA 66093-220 Belem PA Brazil Federal University of Para Institute of Technology UFPA 66075-110 Belem PA Brazil

The increasing demand for reducing vehicle weight in the automotive and aerospace industries has raised the need to develop improved structural aluminum-based alloys. Thus, horizontal solidification experiment with the Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg（mass fraction） alloy was carried out. A water-cooled horizontal directional solidification device was developed and used. Microstructural characterization was carried out using traditional techniques of metallography, optical microscopy and SEM microscopy. The Thermo-Calc software was used to generate the solidification path of the investigated alloy with addition of 0.17% Fe（mass fraction）. The effects of the thermal parameters such as the growth rate（VL）, cooling rate（TC） and solidification local time（tSL） on the formation of the macrostructure and on the dendritic microstructure evolution were evaluated. A columnar to equiaxed transition（CET） was found for VL and TC values from 0.82 to 0.98 mm/s and from 1.71 to 2.55 ℃/s, respectively. The microstructure was characterized by the measurement of the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings（λ1 and λ2, respectively）. Experimental laws of λ1 =f（VL, TC） and λ2 =f（tSL） were proposed. It is observed that the interdendritic region is composed of the following eutectic mixture： a（Al）＋Si＋p-Al8 Mg3 Fe Si6＋q-Mg2 Si.

关键词： Al-Si-Mg alloy microstructural transition dendrite arm spacing transient heat flow

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Calibration of Hargreaves-Samani Equation for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration in Sub-Humid Region of Brazil

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第12期5卷 1-5页

作者： José Romualdo de Sousa Lima Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino Eduardo Soares de Souza Claude Hammecker Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro carlos Alberto Brayner de oliveira Lira Academic Unity of Garanhuns Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Garanhuns Brazil Academic Unity of Serra Talhada Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Serra Talhada Brazil Land development department Office of Science for Land Development IRD Montpellier France Nuclear Energy department Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important parameter used in numerous applications, such as climatological and hydrological studies, as well as for water resources planning and management. There are several methods to estimate ETo, being that the FAO Penman-Monteith (EToPM) method is considered standard. This method needs many parameters (solar radiation, air temperature, humidity and wind speed), however there are still many uncovered areas, suggesting the need for methods of calculating evapotranspiration based on few meteorological elements, such as air temperature. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the ETo by Hargreaves-Samani method in the experimental watershed of the “Riacho do Papagaio” farm, in county of Sao Joao, in north-eastern Brazil, using data of 2011 and 2012. Reference evapotranspiration estimated by non-calibrated Hargreaves-Samani method (EToHS) was overestimated in all months (RMSE = 1.43 mm·d-1), mainly in months of lower evaporative demand (from May to July). Because of these tendencies, this method cannot be used in its original form to estimate ET for this region;therefore, a calibration of radiation adjustment coefficient (kRs) was performed. The calibrated Hargreaves-Samani method (EToHSc) had better performance (RMSE = 0.52 mm·d-1), being suitable for predicting ETo in this region.

关键词： Reference Evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Hargreaves-Samani Air Temperature

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Williams-Otto Plant Control Based on Production Planning Associated to Coordinated decentralized Optimization and Plantwide Control Techniques

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 77-89页

作者： Anamaria de oliveira Cardoso Wu Hong Kwong Science and Technology Institute Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys Diamantina 39100-000 Brazil department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of S6o Carlos Sao Carlos 13565-905 Brazil

Manufacturing plants are increasingly complex and integrated, requiring control systems able to identify the interactions between the various operating units. Production planning and control design of a process are tools that, if combined, bring many economic benefits to the processes since they aim to identify and maintain optimal decision operations to a system. This work uses such integration between production planning and plantwide control to propose a control system for the Williams-Otto plant from the definition of the operating optimal point for coordinated decentralized optimization, in which the original optimization problem decomposition into smaller coordinated problems ensure that the found local optimum also meets the requirements of the global system. The results for decentralized optimization are satisfactory and very similar to the global optimum problem and to the control system response proposed based on the optimal obtained. It is effective taking smooth actions, working with （economic） optimal set points （economically） of operation. The unification of production planning techniques and plantwide control techniques is an effective tool for the control system design for entire plants.

关键词： Coordination decentralized optimization plantwide control large-scale systems.

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Proposition of a Tool to Adjust the Inspired Oxygen Fraction in Anesthesia devices during Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2021年第10期11卷 299-305页

作者： Plínio de oliveira Holanda Nely Marjollie Guanabara Teixeira Reis José carlos R. Nascimento Felipe Paiva Alencar Marilman Maciel Benício department of Anesthesia Dr. Jose Frota Institute Fortaleza Brazil Unichristus University Fortaleza Brazil department of Anesthesia Fortaleza General Hospital Fortaleza Brazil Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing Ontogeny and Nutrition Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine School of Medicine Federal University of Ceara Fortaleza Brazil department of Computer Engineering Ceara State University Fortaleza Brazil

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health care services, leading to a breakdown in public and private health systems worldwide. A major challenge was the scarcity of mechanical ventilators, which resulted in the use of anaesthesia devices for this purpose. However, they are quite different from mechanical ventilators used in Intensive Care Units and some adaptations, such as the use of high flow to reduce CO2 rebreathing, were necessary to ensure patient safety. The objective of this study was to present a mathematical formula and develop a tool that can be used to adjust the flow of oxygen and air in flow metres of anaesthesia devices that do not have oxygen analysers or these analysers are not operational. A literature review was conducted using the main health databases and libraries as research sources: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), SciELO, and Cochrane. The review included studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Animal studies were excluded. A total of 11 references were included to support this article.

关键词： Anaesthesia Ventilator Intensive Care Unit FiO2 Fresh Gas Flow Webpage

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Germination,Vigor of Seeds and Emergence of Fabaceae Seedling in Bovine Faeces

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第14期5卷 2170-2177页

作者： Renata Vianna Lima Henrique Duarte Vieira Francielle de Souza Guimaraes Nardele Moreno Rohem Jr. Tatiana oliveira da Silva Alberto magno Fernandes Cynthia Pires Guimaraes Amanda Justino Acha Bruno Borges deminicis department of Fitotecnia State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro(UENF)Campos dos GoytacazesRio de JaneiroBrazil department of Zootecnia State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro(UENF)Campos dos GoytacazesRio de JaneiroBrazil

This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological quality of forage seeds after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of cattle, as well as the emergence of seedlings derived from these seeds. Three Fabaceae species were used: tropical kudzu, leucaena and calopo. One hundred grams of seeds of each species were offered, separately, to five bovines. After the start of the dispersion, the faeces of the animals were collected every 6 hours, in a total of 72 hours, being taken to the greenhouse immediately after each collection. The study evaluated the total number of seedlings in the stool, the lengths of roots and aerial parts, as well as the natural and dry seedling weight thirty days after the disposal of the faeces in the greenhouse. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with twelve treatments (sampling periods) and five replications (cattle). The best performance for the total number of seedlings in the faeces of cattle was observed in the kudzu species. The length of the root, length of the aerial part and dry matter seedling weight was observed in the leucaena species, followed by kudzu. The calopo showed low results for all variables due to the high degradation of the seeds.

关键词： Pueraria phaseoloides Leucaena leucocephala Calopogonium mucunoides Dispersal Physiological Quality

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厚热镀锌钢丝的生产设计

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金属制品 1993年第A11期19卷 47-48,56页

作者： carlos Augusto de oliveira 曹伟中

本文为Companhia Siderurgica Belgo Mineira镀锌厂一系列试验研究的总结,工程技术人员对冶金原理和生产工艺进行了大量的研究。试验分两个系列进行,以便确定含硅量、锌温、钢丝运行速度,钢丝在锌液中浸入时间和长度。

关键词：钢丝热镀锌生产工艺

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Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractary Neuropathic Pain and Its Action on the Neurovegetative Systems

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2019年第9期12卷 443-450页

作者： Sara S.Pedrao Gabriela R.Lauretti Caio C.M.S.Matias Raquel de oliveira carlos A.F.Trindade School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) has been used for chronic refractory pain, however its effectivity on neurovegetative systems has not been evaluated to data. OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SCS in patients suffering from refractory neuropathic pain, related to analgesia, quality of life and neurovegetative actions on the digestive and urinary tracts. Fifteen patients acted as their own control related to all evaluations. P dered significantly. RESULTS: 13 patients completed the study. The incidence of indication was 6% in our Center for Pain Treatment in the Teaching Hospital. The SCS improved quality of life, bowel transit and urinary function, as improved overall analgesia and decreased daily rescue analgesic (p dence of complications was 20%, and SCS improved analgesia and quality of life. In addition, patients also referred to improved bowel activity and urinary function.

关键词： Spinal Cord Stimulation Bowel Function Bladder Function Neurovegetative Actions

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Climate Characterization of the Machado-Mg Region through Geotechnology Techniques and Tools

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第1期7卷 79-96页

作者： Gustavo Souza Rodrigues Antô nio carlos da Silva Alisson Souza de oliveira Luís Roberto Almeida Gabriel Filho Fernando Ferrari Putti Universidade José do Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS) Alfenas Brazil Fundaç &atilde o Educacional de Machado (FEM) Machado Brazil Universidade Estadual de S&atilde o Paulo (UNESP) Botucatu Brazil

The characteristics of a region and its environmental changes are directly associated with the characteristics of the climate and the changes that occur in it. The importance of the study of the climate of a region is widely known in agriculture, by the size of the impact that the climate has on the productivity and final quality of the products. From the studies of these spatial and temporal changes in climatic and environmental information, excellent results have been obtained in understanding the variability of atmospheric phenomena that occur throughout. The objective of the present work was to perform the climatic characterization of the Machado-MG region, analyzing data collected on the elements of the climate, applying methodologies that allow its spatialization, from geotechnology tools, more precisely, the techniques of interpolation and manipulation of spatial data in the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. For this purpose, it has been used the climatic data obtained from meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology-INMET, located in the state of Minas Gerais, referring to the monthly and annual averages of a historical series of 55 years (1961-2015). The results obtained allowed to characterize the climate of the municipality, which presented an average temperature around 15°C to 25°C and with average rainfall between 100 - 200 mm in the rainiest periods. The relative humidity of the air presents throughout the year values in the average of 60% to 80%. From the spatialization maps of temperature, precipitation and relative humidity of the air, it becomes possible to analyze the spatial behavior of the climatic elements and thus to have the perception of the climate dynamics in the region.

关键词： Agrometeorology Kriging Geographic Information Systems

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Effects of Biochar on the Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Sugarcane Residues Applied to Soils

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 869-886页

作者： Thalita Fernanda Abbruzzini Mariana delgado oliveira Zenero Pedro Avelino Maia de Andrade Fernando Dini Andreote Julio Campo carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri department of Soil Science “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture Piracicaba Brazil Institute of Ecology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F. Mexico

The sugar and bioethanol industry generate large amounts of filter cake and vinasse, residues that are applied to sugarcane fields as conditioners and organic fertilizers. However, these may be significant sources of greenhouse gases emissions to the atmosphere. This study assessed the impact of sugarcane straw biochar on the emissions of CO2, CH4and N2O promoted by filter cake and vinasse applied to soil, and its effects on the chemical properties and bacterial communities of a Typic Hapludox and a Quartzipsamment. A laboratory incubation was conducted for 100 days with both soils under five treatments: vinasse and filter cake amendment (FV), plus biochar at 10 (FV + B10), 20 (FV + B20) and 50 (FV + B50) Mg·ha-1, and a control. Soil pH, available P and exchangeable base contents increased with biochar added to sandy soil. Mineral N decreased with biochar addition to both soils. The FV treatment increased CO2 emissions by 5-fold and 2.4-fold in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, FV +B10 increased CO2 emissions by 4% and 6.4% in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to FV. Cumulative N2O emissions in FV were 537% and 125% higher in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to the control. Nevertheless, increasing biochar amendment rates reduced N2O emissions from 24% to 34% in sandy soil, and from 14% to 56% in clayey soil. CH4 emissions were negligible. The effects of filter, vinasse and biochar amendments on soil amelioration were closely related to its buffering capacity. Temporal changes on bacterial community structure were more pronounced in the sandy soil compared to clayey, and indicated that N2O emission mitigation in clayey soil was directly related to biotic mechanisms, while abiotic mechanisms caused by biochar played a more important role in mitigating N2O emissions in sandy soil.

关键词： Filter Cake Fingerprinting Nitrous Oxide Pyrolysis Carbon Soil Fertility Vinasse

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