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Fluctuating fine-scale spatial genetic structure in the common shrews (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 469-492页

作者： nikolay A.SHCHIPAnOV Artem V.ARTAMOnOV Sergey V.TITOV Svetlana V.pavlova A.n.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Department of Zoology and Ecology Penza State UniversityPenzaRussia

The spatial genetic structure is a topical issue in the studies of various aspects of ecology and *** the multilocus autocorrelation method with hypervariable microsatellite genetic markers,we investigated aﬁne-scale pattern of genetic structure in 5 local populations of the common shrew Sorex araneus separated by distances of 300–1000 m(the Moscow chromosomal race).Spatial genetic autocorrelation analysis based on 5 microsatellite loci(expected heterozygosity>0.79)with 90 alleles revealed a consistent pattern of signiﬁcant positive genetic *** testing the autocorrelation at multiple scales from 25 to 500 m,we found that positive spatial genetic structure is detectable in distance classes ofnetic structure positively correlated with a higher ratio of nonresident individuals to residents’activity(number of captures).In contrast to nonresident animals,the residents demonstrated prominent genetic *** difference(FST)between the populations was signiﬁcant(0.016–0.051)and comparable with that between populations of different races analyzed previously(0.016–0.038).FST was not associated with geographic *** demographic patterns allowed us to propose a scheme of genetic-structure dynamics involving periodic appearance of more related local groups and renewal of allelic proﬁles fromаcommon pool where the alleles are *** scheme predictsﬂuctuating genetic structure and random similar differences among local populations.

关键词： demographic pattern geneﬂow microsatellite spatial autocorrelation

Age of maturation and behavioral tactics in male yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus during mating season

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 700-711页

作者： nina A. VASILIEVA Ekaterina V. pavlova Sergey V. nAIDEnKO Andrey V.TCHABOVSKY A.n. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences 33 Leninsky pr. Moscow 119071 Russia

Life-history theory predicts that in hibemators age of maturation is related positively to body size and negatively to the duration of active season aboveground. Yellow souslik is a large-sized ground squirrel with long hibernation, which suggests late maturation. We used four-year field observations of marked individuals to determine the age of maturation in males through analysis of age-dependent variation in body size, mass, androgen status, timing of spring emergence, ranging patterns and social behavior during the mating season. Yearling males were smaller, lighter, had lower level of fecal testosterone, emerged later and had smaller home ranges than older males. Social activity and the number of females encountered did not differ between age classes. After the second hibernation none of the studied parameters varied with age. Cluster analysis revealed two behavioral tactics：＂active＂ males （adults only） emerged earlier, ranged more widely, initiated more contacts, encountered more females and were heavier than ＂passive＂ males （both yearling and adult）. Thus, males of S. fulvus reached adult size and matured after two hibernations, which is relatively fast for such a big species with short active period. Indirect evidence for copulations and high variation among yearlings in all parameters suggest that some of them might successfully compete with adults. Active tactic of wandering and searching for females is energetically costly, and probably only adult males in good physical condition can afford it, whereas passive tactic of residing is energy saving and good for adults in poor condition and for yearlings that are continuing to grow.

关键词： Age of maturation Mating system Reproductive tactics Ground squirrel Spermophilusfulvus

Passive vectoring of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana among the wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae by the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor females

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 643-654页

作者： Vadim Yu. Kryukov natalia A. Kryukova Maksim V. Tyurin olga n. Yaroslavtseva Viktor V. Glupov Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk Russia

Females of the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor attack and envenomate numerous host individuals during oviposition. The vectoring of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana during the adhesion stage by ectoparasitoid females among the wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella was explored under laboratory conditions. Vectoring occurred both from infected parasitoids to wax moth larvae and from infected to healthy wax moth larvae by parasitoids. The efficacy of vectoring in both cases was dose dependent. Parasitoid females were unable to recognize infected larvae in a labyrinth test. In addition, the presence of H. hebetor females significantly （1.5-13 fold） increased the mycoses level in clusters of G. mellonella, with 40% of the larvae infected with ftmgal conidia. Envenomation by H. hebetor increased conidia germination on the cuticles of the wax moth larvae by 4.4 fold. An enhanced germination rate （2 fold） was registered in the n- hexane epicuticular extract of envenomated larvae compared to that of healthy larvae. Both envenomation and mycoses enhanced the phenoloxidase （PO） activity in the integument of G. mellonella and, in contrast, decreased the encapsulation rate in hemolymphs. We hypothesize that changes in the integument property and inhibition of cellular immunity provide the highest infection efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi with H. hebetor.

关键词： Galleria mellonella immunity integuments mycoses parasitoid vectoring

GC-nICI-MS analysis of acetazolamide and other sulfonamide (R-SO2-nH2)drugs as pentafluorobenzyl derivatives [R-SO2-n(PFB)2] and quantification of pharmacological acetazolamide in human urine

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第1期10卷 49-59页

作者： olga Begou Kathrin Drabert Georgios Theodoridis Dimitrios Tsikas Institute of Toxicology Core Unit ProteomicsHannover Medical SchoolCarl-Neuberg-Strasse 1D-30625HannoverGermany Department of Chemistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki54124ThessalonikiGreece BIOMIC_AUTh Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation(CIRI-AUTH)Balkan Center10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi RdP.O.Box 8318GR 57001ThessalonikiGreece

Acetazolamide(molecular mass(MM),222)belongs to the class of sulfonamides(R-SO2-nH2)and is one of the strongest pharmacological inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase *** is excreted unchanged in the ***,we report on the development,validation and biomedical application of a stable-isotope dilution GC-MS method for the reliable quantitative determination of acetazolamide in human *** method is based on evaporation to dryness of 50 mL urine aliquots,base-catalyzed derivatization of acetazolamide(d0-AZM)and its internal standard[acetylo-2H3]acetazolamide(d3-AZM)in 30 vol%pentafluorobenzyl(PFB)bromide in acetonitrile(60 min,30C),reconstitution in toluene(200 mL)and injection of 1-mL *** negative-ion chemical ionization(nICI)mass spectra(methane)of the PFB derivatives contained several intense ions including[M]‒at m/z 581 for d0-AZM and m/z 584 for d3-AZM,suggesting derivatization of their sulfonamide groups to form n,n-dipentafluorobenzyl derivatives(R-SO2-n(PFB)2),i.e.,d0-AZM-(PFB)2 and d3-AZM-(PFB)2,*** was performed by selected-ion monitoring of m/z 581 and 83 for d0-AZM-(PFB)2 and m/z 584 and 86 for d3-AZM-(PFB)*** limits of detection and quantitation of the method were determined to be 300 fmol(67 pg)and 1 mM of acetazolamide,***-and inter-assay precision and accuracy for acetazolamide in human urine samples in pharmacologically relevant concentration ranges were determined to be 0.3%e4.2%and 95.3%e109%,*** method was applied to measure urinary acetazolamide excretion after ingestion of a 250 mg acetazolamide-containing tablet(Acemit®)by a healthy *** other tested sulfonamide drugs,methazolamide(MM,236)was also found to form a n,n-dipentafluorobenzyl derivative,whereas dorzolamide(MM,324)was hardly *** GC-MS peaks were obtained from the PFB bromide derivatization of hydrochlorothiazide(MM,298),xipamide(MM,355),indapamide and metholazone(MM,366 each)or br

关键词： Acetazolamide Derivatization Quantification Sulfonamides Validation

Antifungal and antibacterial functions of medicinal leech recombinant destabilase-lysozyme and its heated-up derivative

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 203-209页

作者： T.G.YUDInA Danyang GUO n.F.PISKUnKOVA I.B.pavlova L.L.ZAVALOVA I.P.BASKOVA Biological Faculty M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry(RAS)Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 Moscow 117992Russia

Antifungal activity of recombinant medicinal leech destabilase-lysozyme （***-Lys） was investi- gated by using fungi： Botrytis cinerea, and Verticillium lateriticum, including yeasts Candida guillermoudii and Shizosaccharomyces pombe. Its antibacterial activity was investigated on gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens. These activities were assessed by radial agar diffusion assay, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Therefore, destabilase-lysozyme not only is endo-isopeptidase and lysozyme, but also has antifungal and antibacterial activities. Muramidase activity of rec. Dest-Eys disappeared after heat-treating at 90~C for 50 min without the loss of its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore we showed for the first time that the heated-up derivative ***-Lys exhibited more potent activities against the above enumerated fungi and gram-negative bacteria than original protein.

关键词： recombinant destabilase-lysozyme (rec.Dest- Lys) antimicrobial activity antifungal activity medicinal leech heated-up derivative ofrec.Dest-Lys (T-rec.Dest-Lys)

Alterations of morphology of lymphoid organs and peripheral blood indicators under the influence of gold nanoparticles in rats

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2016年第1期9卷 47-56页

作者： Alla B.Bucharskaya Svetlana S.Pakhomy olga V.Zlobina Galina n.Maslyakova olga V.Matveeva Irina O.Bugaeva nikita A.navolokin Boris n.Khlebtsov Vladimir A.Bogatyrev nikolai G.Khlebtsov Valery V.Tuchin Saratov State Medical University 112 B.Kazach'ya str.Saratov 410012Russia Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms RAS 13 Entuziastov Prospekt.Saratov 410049Russia Saratov State University 83 Astrakhanskaya str.Saratov 410012Russia§Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences 24Rabochaya str.Saratov 410028Russia Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics Tomsk State University 36 Lenina str.Tomsk 634050Russia

At present,gold nanoparticles(GnPs)are widely used in biomedical applications such as cancer diagnostics and ***,the potential toxicity hazards of these nanomaterials and human safety concerns are gaining significant ***,we report the effects of prolonged peroral administration of GnPs with different sizes(2,15 and 50 nm)on morphological changes in lymphoid organs and indicators of peripheral blood of laboratory *** experiment was conducted on 24 white mongrel male rats weighing 180–220 g,gold nanospheres sizes 2,15 and 50nm were administered orally for 15 days at a dosage of 190g/kg of animal body *** GnPs were conjugated with polyethylene glycol to increase their biocompatibility and *** size-dependent decrease of the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was noted in the study of peripheral blood,especially pronounced after administration of GnPs with size of 50 *** stimulation of myelocytic germ of hematopoiesis was recorded at morphological study of the bone *** signs of strengthening of the processes of differentiation and maturation of cellular elements were found in lymph nodes,which were showed as the increasing number of immunoblasts and large *** quantitative changes of cellular component morphology of lymphoid organs due to activation of migration,proliferation and di®erentiation of immune cells indicate the presence of immunostimulation effect of GnPs.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles lymphoid organs morphological changes bone marrow examination

Preliminary analyses of the frozen mummies of mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius),bison(Bison priscus)and horse(Equus sp.)from the Yana-Indigirka Lowland,Yakutia,Russia

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 471-480页

作者： Gennady G.BOESKOROV olga R.POTAPOVA Eugeny n.MASHCHEnKO Albert V.PROTOPOPOV Tatyana V.KUZnETSOVA Larry AGEnBROAD Alexey n.TIKHOnOV Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesYakutskRussia The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs Museum Hot SpringsSouth DakotaUSA Paleontological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Department of the Mammoth Fauna Studies Academy of Sciences of the Sakha(Yakutia)Republic YakutskRussia M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia Zoological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesSt.PetersburgRussia

The frozen bodies of a young woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius),a wild horse(Equus sp.)and a steppe bison(Bison priscus)were recently found in the northern Yakutia(northeastern Siberia).All specimens have preserved bones,skin and soft *** the woolly mammoth and the Pleistocene horse were represented by partial frozen bodies,the steppe bison body was recovered in an absolutely complete *** specimens were found frozen in the permafrost,with some of the tissues *** wild horse and steppe bison are of Holocene age,and the mammoth is of Late Pleistocene age.

关键词： bison horse mammoth mummy Siberia

Population dynamics of Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik:1966–2012

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 315-328页

作者： Dale G.MIQUELLE Evgeny n.SMIRnOV olga Yu.ZAUMYSLOVA Svetlana V.SOUTYRInA Douglas H.JOHnSOn Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik TerneiPrimorskii KraiRussia USGS northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Saint PaulMinnesotaUSA

In 2010,the world’s tiger(Panthera tigris)range countries agreed to the goal of doubling tiger numbers over 12 years,but whether such an increase is biologically feasible has not been ***-term monitoring of tigers in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik(SABZ),Russia provided an opportunity to determine growth rates of a recovering population.A 41-year growth phase was followed by a rapid decline in tiger *** growth rates during the growth phase averaged 4.6%,beginning near 10%in the earliest years but quickly dropping below 5%.Sex ratio(females per male)mirrored growth rates,declining as population size *** rapid decline from 2009 to 2012 appeared to be tied to multiple factors,including poaching,severe winters and *** indicators of this population are similar to those of Bengal tiger populations,suggesting that growth rates may be *** results suggest that,first,tiger populations likely in general grow slowly:3–5%yearly increases are realistic and larger growth rates are likely only when populations are highly depressed,mortality rates are low and prey populations are high relative to numbers of adult ***,while more research is needed,it should not be assumed that tiger populations with high prey densities will necessarily grow more quickly than populations with low prey ***,while growth is slow,decline can be ***,because declines can happen so quickly,there is a constant need to monitor populations and be ready to respond with appropriate and timely conservation interventions if tiger populations are to remain ***,an average annual growth rate across all tiger populations of 6%,required to reach the Global Tiger Initiative’s goal of doubling tiger numbers in 12 years,is a noble but unlikely scenario.

关键词： Amur tiger growth rates population dynamics

Selective footprints and genes relevant to cold adaptation and other phenotypic traits are unscrambled in the genomes of divergently selected chicken breeds

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 887-907页

作者： Michael n.Romanov Alexandra S.Abdelmanova Vladimir I.Fisinin Elena A.Gladyr natalia A.Volkova olga A.Koshkina Andrey n.Rodionov Anastasia n.Vetokh Igor V.Gusev Dmitry V.Anshakov olga I.Stanishevskaya Arsen V.Dotsev Darren K.Griffin natalia A.Zinovieva L.K.Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry DubrovitsyPodolskMoscow RegionRussia School of Biosciences University of KentCanterburyUK Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Research Centre“All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute”of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sergiev PosadMoscow RegionRussia Breeding and Genetic Centre“Zagorsk Experimental Breeding Farm”–Branch of the Federal Research Centre“All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute”of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sergiev PosadMoscow RegionRussia Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding–Branch of the L.K.Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry St.PetersburgRussia

Background The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by,and formed due to,past and current admixture *** to diverse environments,including acclimation to harsh climatic conditions,has also left selection footprints in breed *** Using the Chicken 50K_CobbCons SnP chip,we genotyped four divergently selected breeds:two aboriginal,cold tolerant Ushanka and Orloff Mille Fleur,one egg-type Russian White subjected to artificial selection for cold tolerance,and one meat-type White *** of selective sweeps were determined in the studied breeds using three methods:(1)assessment of runs of homozygosity islands,(2)F_(ST) based population differential analysis,and(3)haplotype differentiation *** regions of true selection signatures were identified by two or more methods or in two or more *** these regions,we detected 540 prioritized candidate genes supplemented them with those that occurred in one breed using one statistic and were suggested in other *** them,SOX5,ME3,ZnF536,WWP1,RIPK2,OSGIn2,DECR1,TPO,PPARGC1A,BDnF,MSTn,and beta-keratin genes can be especially mentioned as candidates for cold *** factors may be involved in regulating some of these important genes(e.g.,TPO and BDnF).Conclusion Based on a genome-wide scan,our findings can help dissect the genetic architecture underlying various phenotypic traits in chicken *** include genes representing the sine qua non for adaptation to harsh *** tolerance in acclimated chicken breeds may be developed following one of few specific gene expression mechanisms or more than one overlapping response known in cold-exposed individuals,and this warrants further investigation.

关键词： Acclimation Adaptation Chicken breeds Cold tolerance Divergent selection Genetic diversity Genomewide scan Phenotypic traits Selective sweeps