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A Massively Parallel Re-Configurable Mesh Computer Emulator: Design, Modeling and Realization

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2010年第1期3卷 11-26页

作者： Mohamed YoUSSFI omar BoUATTANE Mohamed o. BENSALAH 不详

Emulating massively parallel computer architectures represents a very important tool for the parallel programmers. It allows them to implement and validate their algorithms. Due to the high cost of the massively parallel real machines, they remain unavailable and not popular in the parallel computing community. The goal of this paper is to present an elaborated emulator of a 2-D massively parallel re-configurable mesh computer of size n x n processing elements (PE). Basing on the object modeling method, we develop a hard kernel of a parallel virtual machine in which we translate all the physical properties of its different components. A parallel programming language and its compiler are also devel-oped to edit, compile and run programs. The developed emulator is a multi platform system. It can be installed in any sequential computer whatever may be its operating system and its processing unit technology (CPU). The size n x n of this virtual re-configurable mesh is not limited;it depends just on the performance of the sequential machine supporting the emulator.

关键词： Parallel processing object Modeling Re-Configurable Mesh Computer Emulation XML Parallel Virtual Machine

Training of Food Providers for Improved Environmental Conditions of Food Service outlets in Urban Area Nigeria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 99-105页

作者： Motunrayo F. olumakaiye Kudirat o. Bakare Department of Family Nutrition and Consumer Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria.

Environmental conditions and hygiene practices under which foods are prepared and served for public consumption are a matter of concern. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of training of food providers on environmental conditions of food service outlets (FSo) in and around a university community in Southwestern Nigeria. Structured questionnaire and “Spot Check observation” (SCo) were used to assess the hygiene practices and environmental condition of the FSo respectively. Sixteen (16) High Density Food Service outlets (HDFSo) and twelve (12) Low Density Food Service outlets (LDFSo) were investigated. From the findings, mean score of SCo for HDFSo was low (2.93 ± 0.09) compared to LDFSo (4.32 ± 0.56) (p = 0.014). There were significant differences in source of cooking water (p = 0.003), solid waste disposal method (p = 0.031), liquid waste disposal method (p = 0.023) and toilet facilities (p = 0.001) between HDFSo and LDFSo. Significant differences existed in the environmental hygiene between HDFSo and LDFSo (p r = 0.789, p = 0.038), age (r = 0.631, p = 0.045), income (r = 0.623, p = 0.004) of food service providers and environmental condition. Service providers that were >40 years of age were more likely to score high in SCo in HDFSo than the other age groups (oR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.21, 2.68). Those with tertiary education were twice more likely to score high in SCo compared to those with lower educational qualifications in LDFSo (oR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.48 2.78). Those who earned above ?40,000.00 were more likely to have higher SCo among both categories. A 3-day food safety workshop was organized among both groups at different times, three months later, SCo was conducted and scores improved greatly. Constant training of food service providers is important to improving the environmental condition of food service outlets in high-density urban areas in order to ensure food safety.

关键词： Food Service Environment Hygiene Training Nigeria

Characterizing Property of States: Effect of Defects on the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and the Specific Heat Capacity of ZrB<sub>2</sub>

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2020年第2期10卷 15-27页

作者： Jude o. Ighere P. Alex Greaney School of Mechanical Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA

Thermal storage potential and thermal expansion are characteristic properties for extreme applications. ZrB2 is a candidate for advanced applications in aircraft and fusion reactors. This article presents density functional theory calculations of its states, microstructure and quasi-harmonic levels calculations of thermophysical properties. Band structure highlighted dynamical instability with metallic impurities in ZrB2 structure based on frequency modes. The observed projected density of states (PDoS) appropriate 4d orbital of Zr dominated at low frequency both in perfect crystal in the presence or absence of covalent impurities while B 2s and 2p orbitals dominate higher frequency states. Temperature dependency and anisotropy of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were evaluated with various impurities. Various thermodynamic properties like entropy and free energy were explored for degrees of freedom resulting from internal energy changes in the material. Computed results for heat capacity and CTE were compared to available numerical and experimental data.

关键词： Zirconium Diboride ZrB2 Thermal Expansion Defects Molecular Dynamics Specific Heat Capacity

Monitoring Groundwater Contamination Using Surface Electrical Resistivity and Geochemical Methods

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作者： o.M.

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第5期3卷 318-324页

作者： o. Akankpo M. U. Igboekwe 不详

Surface electrical resistivity has been used as a tool in the detection of groundwater contamination. In this work, five geoelectric soundings with two at waste dumpsites have been carried out in Uyo, Southwestern Nigeria to map the gross layered structure of the refuse as well as the extent of groundwater contamination. The geology of the area (Benin Formation) mainly consists of fine-medium-coarse grained sands. The data of five Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES), with a maximum of AB/2=500 m, were analyzed using Hemkler computer program. In general, there exists a common feature in the resistivity variation pattern of high-low-high-low-high in the area. The result shows a wide range of resistivity variation ranging from 2.0 to 60700 ?m. Based on the survey results, the resistivity values less than 75 ?m shows contamination due to waste at Eka street and Udo street. Also, the high resistivity value at mechanic village (60700 ?m) may be related to the waste oil deposit due to the automobile repair activities. A comparison of the resistivity values and the curve types at the dumpsites (Eka street and Udo street) and other locations show that the two dumpsites have an H curve type indicating contaminated zones, while other locations have a K curve type indicating non contaminated zones. Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater samples collected in the area was also carried out for some physico-chemical parameters. The results produced higher concentration of conductivity, total dissolved solids and chloride values for water collected at close locations to dumpsites than those far away from the dumpsites: an evidence for a quantitative assessment of groundwater contamination.

关键词： Groundwater Uyo Urban Resistivity VES Dumpsites

The Duty of States to Give Sufficient Recognition to the Right to Health

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Psychology Research 2021年第10期11卷 429-440页

作者： Alfred P.Minei Sam o.Kaipu University of Papua New Guinea(UPNG) Port MoresbyPapua New Guinea National&Supreme Courts of Papua New Guinea Port MoresbyPapua New Guinea

Modern human rights,as they have developed since World War II,have several characteristics that are imperative to how they are *** are universal,indivisible,interdependent and *** is,they are held by all people by virtue of the fact that they are human,and apply to all people *** all human rights are *** is,some are considered“qualified rights”which may be subject to lawful *** the Papua New Guinea(PNG)context,interference will be lawful if it is prescribed by law consistent with the national Constitution and necessary to protect either the rights of others or for other considerations,such as national security,public order or public *** the ending of life context,the weight that should be given to the consent to,and refusal of,treatment in circumstances where the decision will lead to the death of a patient is *** leads to another concern which is the way in which the prerequisites for a refusal of treatment(or valid consent)have been *** requirements of competence,voluntariness and information-giving arguably come under more intense scrutiny where the ramifications of the decision have such grave *** paper considers consent as a reflection of the ethical principle of respect for personal autonomy that is often expressed in the law as the principle of *** also reviews the experiences of healthcare professionals who guide an informed consent process made by individuals,spouses,family members and advisors for the loved ones whose sickness,injury or geriatric age prevent them from having decision-making *** last part summarizes the understanding of the nature of the procedure,benefits and risks which are important to informed consent and offers suggestions as to how the situation can be remedied.

关键词： constitution human rights qualified rights right to die PNG

Recent Advances in Global optimization for Combinatorial Discrete Problems

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Applied Mathematics 2015年第11期6卷 1842-1856页

作者： Adel R. Awad Samia o. Chiban Department of Environmental Engineering Tishreen University Lattakia Syria Higher Institute of Environmental Research Tishreen University Lattakia Syria

The optimization of discrete problems is largely encountered in engineering and information domains. Solving these problems with continuous-variables approach then convert the continuous variables to discrete ones does not guarantee the optimal global solution. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) have been applied successfully in combinatorial discrete optimization. Here, the mathematical basics of real-coding Genetic Algorithm are presented in addition to three other Evolutionary Algorithms: Particle Swarm optimization (PSo), Ant Colony Algorithms (ACoA) and Harmony Search (HS). The EAs are presented in as unifying notations as possible in order to facilitate understanding and comparison. our combinatorial discrete problem example is the famous benchmark case of New-York Water Supply System WSS network. The mathematical construction in addition to the obtained results of Real-coding GA applied to this case study (authors), are compared with those of the three other algorithms available in literature. The real representation of GA, with its two operators: mutation and crossover, functions significantly faster than binary and other coding and illustrates its potential as a substitute to the traditional optimization methods for water systems design and planning. The real (actual) representation is very effective and provides two near-optimal feasible solutions to the New York tunnels problem. We found that the four EAs are capable to afford hydraulically-feasible solutions with reasonable cost but our real-coding GA takes more evaluations to reach the optimal or near-optimal solutions compared to other EAs namely the HS. HS approach discovers efficiently the research space because of the random generation of solutions in every iteration, and the ability of choosing neighbor values of solution elements “changing the diameter of the pipe to the next greater or smaller commercial diameter” beside keeping good current solutions. our proposed promising point to improve the perfo

关键词： Evolutionary Algorithms Meta-Heuristic Algorithms Real-Coding Genetic Algorithms Water Supply System New-York Tunnels optimal Design

Field Evaluation of Soil Water Extraction of Cotton

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open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第12期7卷 378-400页

作者： José o. Payero Graham Harris Geoff Robinson Edisto Research and Education Center Clemson University Blackville USA Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Toowoomba Australia

Water scarcity is often a major limiting factor in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production, and sustaining productivity and profitability with limited water is a major challenge for the cotton industry. A good understanding of the magnitude, timing and spatial distribution of cotton soil water extraction is important for proper irrigation management, and for development of accurate crop models and decision support systems. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the water extraction distribution of cotton under different irrigation regimes. Specific objectives were to quantify: 1) the depth of soil water extraction as a function of time, 2) the percent of seasonal water extraction from each soil depth, and 3) the relationship between depth of soil water extraction and canopy height. To meet these specific objectives, daily and seasonal cotton soil water extraction were determined from continuous records of water content in the soil profile measured from four irrigation treatments during a field experiment. We found that cotton extracted soil water from as deep as 150 cm, but the percent of seasonal extraction sharply decreased with soil depth. The top 50 cm soil layer accounted for 75% of the seasonal extraction and the top 80 cm, for 90%. We also found that from 32 days after sowing (DAS) to 100 DAS, the depth of soil water extraction increased linearly at a rate of 1.89 cm·day-1 or 2.36 times the increase in crop canopy height. These findings suggest that cotton producers should manage irrigations to maintain adequate moisture in the top 80 cm of the soil profile rather than relying on moisture stored deeper in the profile.

关键词： Cotton Soil Water Water Use Evapotranspiration Root Development Effective Root Zone

Spatial Pattern of Land Cover Change Using Remotely Sensed Imagery and GIS: A Case Study of omo-Shasha-oluwa Forest Reserve, SW Nigeria (1986-2002)

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2014年第4期6卷 375-385页

作者： oludare H. Adedeji Clement o. Adeofun Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria

Spatial patterns of land cover changes in the omo-Shasha-oluwa Forest Reserves were conducted on Landsat TM and ETM+ imageries of 1986 and 2002 using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Extent of tree plantation (Gmelina arborea) grew from about 145 sq. km in 1986 to about 322 sq. km in 2002 (122% increase). The natural forest declined from about 2569 sq. km in 1986 to about 2253 sq. km by 2002, while the non-forest areas increased by some 5% from 341 km2?in 1986 to about 490 km2?by 2002. Land cover pattern and its changes in the study area are linked to both natural and anthropogenic processes such as illegal logging, demand for soft wood for industries and expansion of settlements. The conversion of natural forest into monoculture plantations should be discouraged because they do not give room for biodiversity. Specific forestry and environmental laws and regulations that significantly address landscape changes in reserved and protected areas should be enforced to reduce activities that negatively affect the forest reserves. There is also the need to develop a wider and more integrated GIS system of the forest and other land resources in the country to assist different kinds of planning and management activities.

关键词： Classification Land Cover Change Change-Detection GIS Landsat TM and ETM+ Remote Sensing omo-Shasha-oluwa Forest Reserve