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Substrate topo.r.phy as a powerful tool to modify glial cell biology and interactions

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1390-1391页

作者： Pascal Achenbach Haktan Altinova Gary A.brook Institute of Neuropathology RWTH Aachen University HospitalAachenGermany

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system(CNS) result in disruption of the intricate network of axons which connect functionally related neurons that are widely distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord.Under normal conditions,maintenance of this complex system is structurally and functionally supported by astrocytes (ACs)and other glial cells,the processes of which form a framework surrounding neuronal cell bodies,dendrites,axons,and synapses.

关键词： injuries topo.r.phy system

Assimilation of GoES-r Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKF, and Hybrid En3DVar for the Analysis and Short-Term Forecast of a Supercell Storm Case

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： rong KoNG Ming XUE Edward r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandre o.FIErro Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A University of oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NoAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationary operational Environmental Satellite “r-series ”(GoES-r) Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation ensemble Kalman filter(GSI-EnKF) framework were previously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further developed to assimilate GoES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-variational(EnVar) hybrid data assimilation(DA) framework. The results of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar, and pure En3DVar(PEn3DVar, using 100% ensemble covariance and no static covariance) are compared with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for a supercell storm case. The focus of this study is to validate the co.r.ctness and evaluate the performance of the new implementation rather than comparing the performance of FED DA among different DA schemes. only the results of 3DVar and pEn3DVar are examined and compared with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED observation shows that the magnitude and horizontal extent of the analysis increments from PEn3DVar are generally larger than from EnKF, which is mainly caused by using different localization strategies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar as well as the integration limits of the graupel mass in the observation operator. overall, the forecast performance of PEn3DVar is comparable to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting co.r.ct implementation.

关键词： GoES-r lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

Flexible neural probes:a review of the current advantages,drawbacks,and future demands

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Jo.r.al of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第2期25卷 153-167页

作者： Sara PIMENTA Joao.r.FrEITAS JoséH.Co.r.IA CMEMS-UMinho University of MinhoGuimarães4800-058Portugal LABBELS-Associate Laboratory Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic impact.The use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network functioning.Ultimately,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological disorders.The implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)has been increasing in the last few years,leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial resolution.Increasing the applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition data.In this paper,we review the fabrication,characterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices.Finally,future developments and applications are covered.overall,this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appro.r.ate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.

关键词： Brain knowledge Flexible interface Multifunctional probe

Polyelectrolyte Complexes between Hyperbranched and Linear Polysaccharides: Fucoidan/Chitosan

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Chinese Jo.r.al of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 468-479页

作者： Ekaterina r.Gasilova Daria N.Poshina Aleksandra o.Sitnikova Natalia N.Saprykina Yury A.Skorik Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the russian Academy of Sciences Bolshoi VO 31St.Petersburg199004Russian Federation

Polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs)of hyperbranched(HB)and linear polysaccharides are promising as more effective encapsulation agents compared to PECs formed by linear polysaccharides.We investigated the PECs between the HB anionic polysaccharide fucoidan(FUC)and the cationic linear polysaccharide chitosan(CS).The FUC had a molecular weight(MW)of 30×106.The PECs were prepared in three solvents(water,0.01 and 0.1 mol/L acetic acid)with CS of MW of 15,110 and 170 kDa,and deacetylation degrees(DDA)of 70%and 97%.The structures of the PECs and the initial FUC were investigated by multi-angle static and dynamic light scattering.As the FUC contained 18 wt%of—oSo3 groups and 5 wt%of uronic acid units,it was a“strong-weak”copolyanion,so the HB macromolecules of the FUC formed nanogel particles in 0.1 mol/L AcoH and open branched structures in water,as confirmed by the Kratky plots.After mixing the solutions of original components,the PEC structures underwent an equilibration period,the duration of which increased with the MW of CS.As the charge stoichiometry was approached,the PECs shrank;the fractal dimension approached unity,indicating the side-by-side packing of adjacent FUC branches with the help of CS.Secondary aggregation in the vicinity of the charge compensation was hardly observed,as it occurred in a very narrow region.The PEC content at theζ-potential inversion depended on solvents’pH and the DDA of CS.In the extreme case of core-shell PECs in 0.1 mol/L AcoH,obtained by mixing FUC nanogels with the solutions of high MW CS of 97%DDA,the pro.r.ding tails of CS formed a positively charged shell in the whole range of FUC content(10 wt%ron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images of dried samples were discussed in relation to the light scattering results.

关键词： Polyelectrolyte complexes Chitosan Hyperbranched fucoidan Light scattering

Generation of lossy mode resonances(LMr)using perovskite nanofilms

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opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第2期7卷 33-40页

作者： Dayron Armas Ignacio.r.Matias M.Carmen Lopez-Gonzalez Carlos ruiz Zamarreño Pablo Zubiate Ignacio del Villar Beatriz romero Electrical Electronic and Communications Engineering DepartmentPublic University of NavarraPamplona 31006Spain Institute of Smart Cities(ISC) Public University of NavarraPamplona 31006Spain Experimental Science and Technology School Rey Juan Carlos UniversityMostoles 28933Spain

The results presented here show for the first time the experimental demonstration of the fabrication of lossy mode resonance(LMr) devices based on perovskite coatings deposited on planar waveguides. Perovskite thin films have been obtained by means of the spin coating technique and their presence was confirmed by ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction testing. The LMrs can be generated in a wide wavelength range and the experimental results agree with the theoretical simulations. overall, this study highlights the potential of perovskite thin films for the development of novel LMr-based devices that can be used for environmental monitoring, industrial sensing, and gas detection, among other applications.

关键词： perovskite thin films slab waveguide lossy mode resonance

Human-artificial intelligence interaction in gastrointestinal endoscopy

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World Jo.r.al of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 126-135页

作者： John r Campion Donal B o'Connor Conor Lahiff Department of Gastroenterology Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 AX57Ireland School of Medicine University College DublinDublin D04 C7X2Ireland Department of Surgery Trinity College DublinDublin D02 R590Ireland

The number and variety of applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in gastr-ointestinal(GI)endoscopy is growing rapidly.New technologies based on machine learning(ML)and convolutional neural networks(CNNs)are at various stages of development and deployment to assist patients and endoscopists in preparing for endoscopic procedures,in detection,diagnosis and classification of pathology during endoscopy and in confirmation of key performance indicators.Platforms based on ML and CNNs require regulatory approval as medical devices.Interactions between humans and the technologies we use are complex and are influenced by design,behavio.r.l and psychological elements.Due to the substantial differences between AI and prior technologies,important differences may be expected in how we interact with advice from AI technologies.Human-AI interaction(HAII)may be optimised by developing AI algorithms to minimise false positives and designing platform interfaces to maximise usability.Human factors influencing HAII may include automation bias,alarm fatigue,algorithm aversion,learning effect and deskilling.Each of these areas merits further study in the specific setting of AI applications in GI endoscopy and professional societies should engage to ensure that sufficient emphasis is placed on human-centred design in development of new AI technologies.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Human factors Computer-aided detection Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate

Making topological protein links using enzymatic reactions

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National Science review 2024年第3期11卷 50-51页

作者： roger Castells-Graells Todd o.Yeates Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California UCLA-DoE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics

Proteins are exceedingly complex molecules though, at their heart, they are essentially linear polymers. Pull at their ends and one obtains an extended backbone. While that is true in most cases, some natural proteins... 详细信息

关键词： DESIGN

Spatial analysis of the osteo.r.hritis microenvironment: techniques, insights, and applications

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Bone research 2024年第1期12卷 1-19页

作者： Xiwei Fan Antonia rujia Sun reuben S.E.Young Isaac o.Afara Brett r.Hamilton Louis Jun Ye ong ross Crawford Indira Prasadam Centre for Biomedical Technologies Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia School of Mechanical Medical&Process EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia Central Analytical research Facility Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia Molecular Horizons University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty of EngineeringArchitecture and Information TechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia The Prince Charles Hospital BrisbaneQLDAustralia

osteo.r.hritis(oA)is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues,including cartilage,bone,synovium,and adipose tissues.oA presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes,including inflammatory,metabolic,mechanical,genetic,and synovial variants.Consequently,innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic approaches.Traditional analysis of bulk oA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints,causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint tissues.This issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical trials.Gaining insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in oA tissues,encompassing DNA,rNA,metabolites,and proteins,as well as their chemical properties,elemental composition,and mechanical attributes,can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease subtypes.Spatially resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment,providing a more holistic view of cellular function.recent advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various-omics lenses,such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,with spatial data.This fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial co.r.inates.Furthermore,advanced imaging techniques,including high-resolution microscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and mass spectrometry imaging,enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules,cells,and tissues.Linking these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes.This review summarizes the recent advancements in the molecular imaging modali

关键词： insight Spatial enable

Associations between physical activity levels and ATPase inhibitory factor 1 concentrations in older adults

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Jo.r.al of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 409-418页

作者： Jérémy raffin Yves rolland Annelise Genoux Guillaume Combes Mikael Croyal Bertrand Perret Sophie Guyonnet Bruno Vellas Laurent o.Martinez Philipe de Souto Barreto For the MAPT/DSA Group Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de ToulouseCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de ToulouseToulouse 31000France Centre d'Epidémiologie et de recherche en Santédes Populations UnitéMixte de Recherche 1295Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleUniversitéToulouse-III-Paul-SabatierToulouse 31000France LimitAging Team Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et CardiovasculairesUnitéMixte de Recherche 1297Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleUniversitéToulouse III-Paul SabatierToulouse 31432France Service de Biochimie Pôle de biologieHôpital de PurpanCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de ToulouseToulouse 31300France L'Institut du Thorax Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de NantesNantes UniversitéNantes 44000France BioCore US16Structure Fédérative de Recherche BonamyInstitut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de NantesNantes UniversitéNantes 44000France Plate-forme de spectrométrie de masse Centre de Recherche en Nutrition HumaineOuestNantes 44000France 不详

Background:Adenosine triphosphatase inhibitory factor 1(IF1)is a key protein involved in energy metabolism.IF1 has been linked to various agerelated diseases,although its relationship with physical activity(PA)remains unclear.Additionally,the apolipo.r.tein A-I(apoA-I),a PA-modulated lipo.r.tein,could play a role in this relationship because it shares a binding site with IF1 on the cell-surface ATP synthase.We examined here the associations between chronic PA and plasma IF1 concentrations among older adults,and we investigated whether apoA-I mediated these associations.Methods:In the present work,1096 healthy adults(63.8%females)aged 70 years and over who were involved in the Multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial study were included.IF1 plasma concentrations(square root of ng/mL)were measured at the 1-year visit of the Multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial,while PA levels(square root of metabolic equivalent task min/week)were assessed using questionnaires administered each year from baseline to the 3-year visit.Multiple linear regressions were performed to investigate the associations between the first-year mean PA levels and IF1 concentrations.Mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether apoA-I mediated these associations.Mixedeffect linear regressions were carried out to investigate whether the 1-year visit IF1 concentrations predicted subsequent changes in PA.results:Multiple linear regressions indicated that first-year mean PA levels were positively associated with IF1 concentrations(B=0.021;SE=0.010;p=0.043).Mediation analyses revealed that about 37.7%of this relationship was mediated by apoA-I(B_(ab)=0.008;SE=0.004;p=0.023).Longitudinal investigations demonstrated that higher concentrations of IF1 at the 1-year visit predicted a faster decline in PA levels over the subsequent 2 years(time×IF1:B=0.148;SE=0.066;p=0.025).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that regular PA is associated with plasma IF1 concentrations,and it suggests that apoA-I partly mediates this association.Additionally,this study f

关键词： Aging Apolipo.r.tein Bioenergetics Exerkine Mitochondria