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Characterizing objective and self-report habitual physical activity and sedentary time in outpatients with an acquired brain injury

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Sports medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 338-343页

作者： Liam p.pellerine Katerina miller Ryan J.Frayne myles W.o'Brien division of Kinesiology School of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Acquired Brain Injury NeuroCommons Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada School of physiotherapy(Faculty of Health)&Department of medicine(Faculty of medicine) Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Geriatric medicine Research Dalhousie University&Nova Scotia HealthHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Centre de Formation medicale Du Nouveau-Brunswick New Brunswick&Department of MedicineUniversite de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada

outpatients with an acquired brain injury(ABI)experience physical,mental,and social *** can be classified into two subgroups based on mechanism of injury:mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI;e.g.,concussion)and other ABI(e.g.,stroke,brain aneurysm,encephalitis).our understanding of habitual activity levels within ABI populations is limited because they are often collected using self-report *** purpose of this study was to,1)describe the habitual activity levels of outpatients with ABI using objective and self-report monitoring,and 2)compare the activity levels of outpatients with mTBI *** *** outpatients with other ABI(mean±standard deviation:[58±13]years,9 females)and 12 outpatients with mTBI([48±11]years,9 females)wore a thigh-worn activpAL 24 h/day(h/day)for *** with ABI averaged(6.0±2.3)h/day of upright time,(10.6±2.2)h/day of sedentary time,(5.6±2.7)h/day in prolonged sedentary bouts>1 h,(5960±3037)steps/day,and(11±13)minutes/day(min/day)of moderate-vigorous physical activity(mVpA).There were no differences between activpAL-derived upright,sedentary,prolonged sedentary time,and physical activity between the mTBI and other ABI groups(all,p>0.31).outpatients with ABI overestimated their mVpA levels(t138 min/week)and underestimated sedentary time(-4.3 h/day)compared to self-report(all,ppite self-reporting high activity levels,outpatients with ABI objectively exhibit highly inactive and sedentary *** habitual movement behaviours of our sample did not differ by mechanism of injury(i.e.,mTBI versus other ABI).Targeting reductions in objectively measured sedentary time are needed to progressively improve the habitual movement behaviours of outpatients with ABI.

关键词： Accelerometry Stroke Brain aneurysm Encephalitis mild traumatic brain injury Rehabilitation

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Leading directions and effective distance of larch offspring dispersal at the upper treeline in the Northern and polar Urals, Russia

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 603-617页

作者： p.A.moiseev V.L.Semerikov T.V.Semerikova D.S.Balakin I.B.Vorobiev S.o.Viuykhin Institute of plant and Animal Ecology Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesEkaterinburg620144Russia Center for Genetics and Life Science Sirius University of Science and Technology354340SochiRussia

Climate has changed sufficiently over the last 150 years and forced out upper treeline advance at the most studied sites around the *** rate of advance has been extremely variable–from tens to hundreds meters in *** is because the degree at which tree frontal populations respond to climate change depends on the complex interaction of biological and physical *** resulting stand pattern is the consequence of the interaction between dispersal and survival functions.A few publications have addressed the question of how this pattern is *** order to understand how the spatial structure of tree stands was formed at the upper limit of their distribution in the Ural mountains,we assessed the distance and direction of dispersal of offspring from maternal *** found that in frontal Larix sibirica ***,‘effective’dispersal of offspring ranges from 3 to 758 m(with a median of 20–33 m in open forest and 219 m in single-tree tundra in the polar Urals and 107 m in open forest in the Northern Urals).We revealed that most of the offspring effectively dispersed not only in the direction of the prevailing winds,but also in the opposite direction up the slope,and the distance can reach 500–760 *** data obtained can be used to develop an individual-based model which is capable of simulating in detail the dynamics of tree stands at the upper limit of their growth and reliably predicting the future position and pattern of treeline ecotone as growth conditions continue to improve in the face of observed climate change.

关键词： Effective dispersal distance Upper treeline parentage analysis Age estimation Terrestrial laser scanning Larix sibirica Ural mountains

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In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jeno Gubicza Kristián máthis péter Nagy péter Jenei Zoltán Hegedus Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura Department of materials physics Faculty of ScienceEotvos Loránd UniversityPázmány P.sétány 1/ABudapest H-1117Hungary Department of physics of materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116 Praha 2Czech Republic Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr.85Hamburg 22603Germany magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan

mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application *** material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers(CALs)and nanoplates(CANaps),or complete long period stacking ordered(LpSo)*** order to reveal the deformation mechanisms,in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in mg-0.9%Zn-2.05%Y-0.15%Al(at%)*** uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance,additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400℃ for 2 *** heat treatment at 300℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure,its evolution during tension and,thus,the overall deformation behavior under tensile *** the other hand,annealing at 400℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density,leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical *** maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20×10^(14)m^(-2).The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basal and pyramidal types,what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation *** was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value,which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CANaps/LpSo plates.

关键词： mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long period stacking ordered(LpSo)phase Cluster arranged nanoplates(CANaps) Annealing Tension dislocation density Hardening

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Single atom Cu-N-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of Co_(2) to Co assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.pérez-Rodríguez m.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Giménez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz p.Arévalo-Cid m.V.martínez-Huerta A.Zitolo m.J.Lázaro D.Sebastián Instituto de Carboquímica(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y petroleoquímica(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SoLEIL L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochemical Co_(2) reduction reaction(Co_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient Co_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-N-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for Co_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly Co selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 m KHCo_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) moieties exhibits a Co_(2)-to-Co turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/Co ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from Co_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon monoxide

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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian mountains

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pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： megan L.SCHILL Richard BAIRD Shawn p.BRoWN Allison m.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appalachian mountains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties, microbial extracellular enzyme production, and microbial abundances in a temperate region, surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from two sites (the Great Smoky mountains National park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, moderately, and severely burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potentially

关键词： 16S carbon ITS nitrogen phosphorous

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distributions and accumulation mechanisms of helium in petroliferous basins

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3143-3168页

作者： pengpeng LI Quanyou LIU Dongya ZHU di ZHU Zheng ZHoU Xiaoqi WU Qingqiang mENG Jiahao LV Yu GAo Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China petroleum Exploration&production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 102206China Energy Research Institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250014China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLA14YQUK Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Helium is an irreplaceable strategic mineral resource, and commercial helium-rich gas fields(He>0.1%) worldwide are typically discovered serendipitously during hydrocarbon exploration efforts. According to an analysis of 75 helium-rich gas fields and 1048 natural gas samples worldwide, helium in natural gas generally exhibits “scarce”, “accompanying”, and“complex” properties, and helium-rich gas fields often occur at depths m. Helium concentrations in He-CH_(4) and He-Co_(2) gas fields are notably lower than those in He-N_(2)gas fields(He>1%). However, geological reserves in the former two types of gas fields are mainly in the range of 10^(7)–10^(11)m^(3), whereas in the latter, they are only in the range of 10^(5)–10^(7)m^(3). There are nevertheless notable disparities in the genesis and migration patterns between helium and gaseous hydrocarbons. Helium necessitates carriers(such as formation water, hydrocarbon fluids, N_(2), mantle-derived fluids, etc.) during both accumulation and long-distance migration processes, where migration conduits are not confined to sedimentary strata, and may extend to the basin's basement, lower crust, and even lithospheric mantle. However, the accumulation conditions of both helium and gaseous hydrocarbons are generally considered equivalent. The presence of gaseous hydrocarbons facilitates both the rapid exsolution of helium within helium-containing fluids and subsequent efficient aggregation in gaseous hydrocarbons, while both reduce helium diffusion and diminish escape flux. In terms of caprock, gypsum, salt, and thick shale as sealing layers contribute to the long-term preservation of helium over geological timescales. Large helium-rich gas fields, predominantly crust-derived gas fields, are primarily concentrated in uplifted zones of ancient cratonic basins and their peripheries. Based on a diagram of the He concentration versus He/N_(2) ratio, crust-derived helium fields can be categorized as basement, combined basement-s

关键词： Helium resource Geochemical characteristics Helium source rock Helium supply pattern Accumulation mechanism Determination of favorable zones

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NaBH4-induced phase transition of CoSe_(2) with abundant Se deficiency for acidic oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide

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Rare metals 2024年第2期43卷 500-510页

作者： Cai-di Han Yong-Chao Zhang Qian Zhang Jin-Ting Wu Jian Gao Ji-Jun Zou Xiao-Dong Zhu State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction(oRR)via the 2e−pathway to form H_(2)o_(2) in acidic medium has attracted extensive ***,the low activity,insufficient selectivity and high cost of catalysts have been the ***,CoSe_(2) with abundant Se deficiency was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method,and the addition of NaBH4-induced CoSe_(2) phase transition from orthorhombic to cubic phase with more Se *** cubic phase CoSe_(2) with abundant Se deficiency can effectively regulate the surface electronic structure with suitable binding energies of*ooH and*o,which shows high activity,selectivity and long-term stability for acidic oRR to H_(2)o_(2).The onset potential is as low as 0.73 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE),the H_(2)o_(2) selectivity is 84%(0 V ***),and the average electron transfer number is about ***,the H_(2)o_(2) yield measured using a flow cell is as high as 115.92 mmol·gcat.^(−1)·h^(−1) and the Faradaic efficiency is 70%at 0 V ***,which presents high potential in electrocatalytic acidic oRR to H_(2)o_(2) and organic pollutant degradation using the electron-Fenton process.

关键词： Se defected CoSe_(2) Crystal phase transition Electrocatalysis Acidic oxygen reduction Hydrogen peroxide

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Entropy optimization on Casson nanofluid flow with radiation and Arrhenius activation energy over different geometries:A numerical and statistical approach

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propulsion and power Research 2024年第3期13卷 375-393页

作者： m.priya p.Bala Anki Reddy Department of mathematics S.A.S.Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

This study employs numerical and statistical approaches to investigate the entropy optimization of steady Casson nanofluidflow over three different geometries subject to boundary conditions induced by *** linear regression is employed to statistically *** present model incorporates several novel elements,such as Arrhenius activation energy,Brownian motion,the Cattaneo-Christov dualflux,thermophoresis,thermal radiation,and so ***,a comparison is presented between Newtonian and *** applying the proper similarity transformations,ordinary differential equations(oDEs)are ob-tained by converting foundational partial differential equations(pDEs).The Runge-Kutta fourth-order method is utilised to solve the obtained oDEs along with the shooting *** out-comes are visually depicted via tables and *** velocity drops with increasing Grashof number,and the magneticfield becomes progressively more forceful as the suction parameter *** temperature gets reduced with the increase of the suction parameter,solute Grashof number increases with the magneticfield,thermophoresis,and radiation *** entropy is observed to rise with the increase of the effective parameters(magneticfield,Brinkmann num-ber and radiation).The mAD(mean absolute deviation),mSE(mean squared error),and RmSE(root mean square error)values are approaching zero,indicating that the derived outcomes are highly accurate.A lower mApE(mean absolute percentage error)suggests that the model has a higher level of ***,the outcomes of the present model are more precise and *** study has various potential applications such as power plant heat exchangers,material processing industries,and solar thermal energy systems.

关键词： Cassonfluid Arrhenius activation energy Entropy generation Thermophoresis multiple linear regression

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Nano polystyrene microplastics could accumulate in Nile tilapia(oreochromis niloticus):Negatively impacts on the intestinal and liver health through water exposure

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 604-614页

作者： di Wu Xing Lu Li-Xue Dong Juan Tian Jin Deng Lei Wei Hua Wen Shan Zhong ming Jiang School of Basic medical Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesWuhan 430223China Hubei province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology Wuhan 430071China

microplastics(mps)have become a significant concern for their potential ***,the correlation between the size of plastic particles and their toxicity remains ***,we investigate the toxic effects of different sizes(80 nm,800 nm,8μm and 80μm)polystyrene mps(pS-mps)on the model organism Nile tilapia(oreochromis niloticus).The results of bioluminescent imaging indicate that the 80 nm pS-mps are more likely to invade the body.H&E staining shows severe damage on the intestinal villi and distinct hepatic steatosis in the 80 nm *** U labeling shows that the proliferation activity of intestinal and liver cells reduces significantly in the 80 nm *** gut microbiome analysis shows a severe imbalance of gut microbiota homeostasis in the 80 nm *** analysis of liver transcriptomics and metabolomics shows that the liver lipid metabolism is disordered in the 80 nm *** conclusion,this study confirms that the 80 nm pS-mps are more likely to induce intestinal and liver *** the above lay the foundation for further study on the pathological damage of mps to other organisms.

关键词： microplastics(mps) Intestinal toxicity Liver toxicity Gut microbiome Lipid metabolism

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Nonlinear Study on the mechanical performance of Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Concrete-Filled Columns under Compression

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Computer modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3435-3465页

作者： oulfa Harrat Yazid Hadidane S.m.Anas Nadhim Hamah Sor Ahmed Farouk Deifalla paul o.Awoyera Nadia Gouider Civil Engineering Laboratory Faculty of TechnologyDepartment of Civil EngineeringBadji Mokhtar-Annaba UniversityP.O.Box 12Annaba23000Algeria Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJamia Millia Islamia(A Central University)New Delhi110025India Civil Engineering Department University of GarmianKalar46021Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Harran UniversitySanliurfa63510Turkey Structural Engineering and Construction management Department Future University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Department of Civil Engineering Covenant UniversityOta112233Nigeria

Given their numerous functional and architectural benefits,such as improved bearing capacity and increased resistance to elastic instability modes,cold-formed steel(CFS)built-up sections have become increasingly developed and used in recent years,particularly in the construction *** paper presents an analytical and numerical study of assembled CFS two single channel-shaped columns with different slenderness and configurations(backto-back,face-to-face,and box).These columns were joined by double-row rivets for the back-to-back and box configurations,whereas they were welded together for the face-to-face *** built-up columns were filled with ordinary concrete of good *** element models were applied,using ABAQUS software,to assess mechanical performance and study the influence of assembly techniques on the behavior of cold-formed columns under axial *** approaches based on Eurocode 3 and Eurocode 4 recommendations for un-filled and concrete-filled columns respectively were followed for the numerical analysis,and concrete confinement effects were also considered per American Concrete Institute(ACI)standards for face-to-face and box *** obtained results indicated a good correlation between the numerical results and the proposed analytical methodology which did not exceed 8%.The failure modes showed that the columns failed due to instabilities such as local and global buckling.

关键词： Cold-formed steel built-up sections slenderness rivets welded axial compression analytical approaches confinement buckling

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