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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João B.Relvas institute of Research and innovation in Health(i3S)and institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(iBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

on the analytical solution of transient friction in channel flows

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1447-1466页

作者： F.J.GARCíA-GARCíA P.FARi?AS-ALVARi?o Department of Naval & industrial Engineering Polytechnic School of EngineeringUniversity of A Coru?a Campus Industrial de Ferrol integraciones Técnicas de Seguridad S.A. Pol.Ind.Espíritu Santo

The transient friction in channel mean flows is the sum of two contributions,i.e., the underlying laminar flow(ULF) and the purely turbulent component(PTC), and the contributions are analyzed separately by theoretical experiments. it is found that,the transient friction may be higher or remarkably lower than that in equal-Reynolds number steady-state flows. The universal time constant for plane-parallel laminar flows is reported, and the role of the time constant in a turbulent mean flow is examined. it is shown that the time constant is related to the turbulence's frozen time. Finally, a study of the logarithmic layer during the transient flow is accomplished, which shows that the logarithmic layer is destroyed.

关键词： 76D05 76D06 76F55 o361 transient flow transient friction unsteady channel flow

Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week:An analysis with 707,616 adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 709-716页

作者： Raphael H.o.Araujo Andrúo.Werneck Clarice L.Martins Luciana L.Barboza Rafael M.Tassitano Nicolas Aguilar-Farias Gilmar M.Jesus Robinson Ramírez-Véelez Riki Tesler Adewale L.oyeyemi Ellen C.M.Silva Robert G.Weaver Mark S.Tremblay Javier Brazo-Sayavera Grégore i.Mielke Danilo R.P.Silva Graduation Program in Health Sciences Londrina State University(UEL)Londrina 86057-970Brazil Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of Physical Education Federal University of ParaıbaParaıba 58051-900Brazil Research Centre of Physical Activity Health and LeisureFaculty of SportsLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health(ITR)University of PortoPorto 4500Portugal Postgraduate Program in Physical Education University of BrasıliaBrasılia 70910-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801-3841USA Department of Physical Education Sports and RecreationUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco 4680000Chile Department of Health State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Navarrabiomed Hospital Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)Pamplona 31006Spain Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)TuluaValle del Cauca 763022Colombia Health Management Department Faculty of Heath sciencesAriel UniversityAriel 40700Israel College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Arnold School of Public Health University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Healthy Active Living and obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of Sports and Computer Science Universidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Seville 41013Spain Centro Universitario Regional Noreste Universidad de la RepublicaRivera 40000Uruguay School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Department of Physical Education

Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important *** instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate ***,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity ***,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender ***:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and *** was *** were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)*** Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled *** were stratified by country and ***:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per *** prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions wereof≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%Ci)):1.03-1.04)*** ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%Ci:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between *** differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest *** fo

关键词： Global School-based Student Health Survey Health Behaviour Among School-aged Children survey inequality Surveillance Youth

Determinants and outcomes of Pregnancies among Booked versus Unbooked Patients in a Tertiary Hospital South East, Nigeria

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open Journal of obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 144-161页

作者： Chijioke S. Anyigor-ogah John o. Egede Chijioke o. ogeh Chika C. Agunanne Alphosus i. ozioko Chinyere C. Duru Department of Family Medicine Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria

Background: inadequate antenatal care, both in coverage and standard, has been linked with poor pregnancy outcomes. in a resource poor setting, home delivery is considered very cheap, but the possible outcome of such pregnancies has been a subject of interest. This study evaluated the association of booking status with pregnancy outcomes. objectives: To examine the factors that influence booking and impact of the booking status on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective cohort study of 240 (120 booked and 120 un-booked) pregnant mothers selected through systematic random sampling. The study was carried out at the Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.39 ± 5.05 years and 29.05 ± 6.36 years respectively for the booked and unbooked. Marital status (oR = 6.35, 95% Ci = 1.24 - 32.59), educational status (oR = 36.40, 95% Ci = 5.26-152.83), place of residence (oR = 0.15, 95% Ci = 0.06 - 0.41), partner’s support (oR = 0.05, 95% Ci = 0.01 - 0.37), family support (oR = 0.03, 95% Ci = 0.01 - 0.13), mode of delivery (oR = 0.23, 95% Ci = 0.12 - 0.46), APGAR score in first minute (oR = 6.02, 95% Ci = 2.45 - 14.83) and NBiCU admission (oR = 3.75, 95% Ci = 1.67 - 8.43) were associated with booked status. However, being unmarried, nulliparity/grandmultiparity, low level of education, blue colar jobs, low income, rural dwelling and poor partner and poor family support were associated with the unbooked. The booked parturients had a better perinatal outcome compared the unbooked. Conclusion/Recommendation: There was high prevalence of operative deliveries, perinatal morbidity and mortality among the unbooked mothers. Girl child education, employment and poverty alleviation would improve antenatal care utilization.

关键词： Socio-Demographic Characteristics Booking Status Antenatal Delivery

Music as medicine for traumatic brain injury:a perspective on future research directions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2105-2106页

作者： Anthony E.Kline Eleni H.Moschonas Corina o.Bondi Department of Physical Medicine&Rehabilitation University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Safar Center for Resuscitation Research University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Center for Neuroscience University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Department of Critical Care Medicine University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Department of Psychology University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Department of Neurobiology University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBi) impacts 69 million individuals globally each year and is a leading cause of death and disability(Dewan et al.,2019).The majority of moderate-to-severe TBi survivors endure long-lasting disturbances in motor,cognitive,and affect that negatively impacts their *** a plethora of research on pharmacological interventions for TBi has been conducted,none has translated to the clinic,thus advocating for the evaluation of nonpharmacological therapeutic approaches that may increase translational success.

关键词： injury traumatic

Myelin histology:a key tool in nervous system research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 277-281页

作者： Óscar Darío García-García Víctor Carriel Jesús Chato-Astrain Department of Histology Tissue Engineering GroupUniversity of Granada&Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain

The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve *** to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental ***,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience *** this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining *** the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.

关键词： fluorescence microscopy histology light microscopy lipid histochemistry metallographic techniques myelin histochemistry myelin immunohistochemistry myelin structure&composition myelin ultrastructural evaluation tissue fixation&processing

Continuous ward monitoring and intensive postoperative management

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 631-632页

作者： Kai Li Jiayi Wang Daniel i.Sessler Department of Anesthesiology China-Japan Union HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunJilin 130031China outcomes Research Consortium ClevelandOhio 44195USA Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 201999China Department of outcomes Research Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio 44195USA

When patients having major surgery reach the post-anaesthesia care unit,families naturally assume that they have survived the most dangerous part of the perioperative *** assumption is *** in the 30 days after surgery is 140 times higher than intraoperative mortality.^([1,2])in fact,if the month after surgery were considered a disease,it would be the world’s third leading cause of death.^([3])

关键词： assume dangerous wrong

Activated Protein C Resistance in Patients with Pre-Eclampsia in Lagos, Nigeria

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open Journal of obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 575-590页

作者： Nosimot o. Davies Titilope A. Adeyemo Sunday i. omisakin Akaninyene A. Udousoro Kabiru A. Rabiu Department of Haematology and blood Transfusion College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology College of Medicine Lagos State University Lagos Nigeria

Background: Preeclampsia is reported to complicate 2% - 8% of pregnancies globally and is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aetiology and pathogenesis are still poorly understood and substantial improvement has not been made in the prediction, prevention and treatment of the disease. objective: To compare the frequency of activated protein C resistance (APC-R) in patients with pre-eclampsia to that of normotensive pregnant women and to determine the correlation between activated protein ratio (APC-ratio) and the severity of pre-eclampsia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 100 pre-eclamptic patients and 100 normotensive pregnant controls. The APC-ratio was determined using the modified activated partial thromboplastin time. Study participants with APC-ratio of less than 2.0 were defined as having APC-R. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Mean APC-ratio was significantly lower in pre-eclamptics (2.89 ± 1.70) compared to normotensive pregnant women (3.57 ± 1.06) (p = 0.0008) and the levels were also higher in mild (2.95 ± 1.15) compared to severe pre-eclamptics (2.62 ± 1.14). The frequency of APC-R was 26% among women with pre-eclampsia compared to 4% among normotensive controls (p = 0.000). Among 100 pre-eclamptic women 7 (21.2%) out of 33 with mild pre–eclampsia had APC-R, while 19 (28.4%) out of 67 with severe pre-eclampsia had APC-R. APC-ratio had a significant negative correlation with mean arterial blood pressure (r = −0.324;p = 0.000) and proteinuria (r = −0.379;p = 0.000) among study participants. Conclusion: The frequency of activated protein c resistance is significantly higher in pre-eclamptics compared to normotensive pregnant women and this is more pronounced in those with severe pre-eclampsia compared with those with mild disease. APC-R may therefore be used as a marker of severity in the disease.

关键词： Activated Protein C Resistance Activated Protein C Ratio Pre-Eclampsia

3D printing of poly(ethyleneimine)-functionalized Mg-Al mixed metal oxide monoliths for direct air capture of Co_(2)

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 491-500页

作者： Qingyang Shao Zhuozhen Gan Bingyao Ge Xuyi Liu Chunping Chen Dermot o’Hare Xuancan Zhu Research Center of Solar Power&Refrigeration School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13TAUK

Direct air capture(DAC)of Co_(2)plays an indispensable role in achieving carbon-neutral goals as one of the key negative emission *** large air flows are required to capture the ultradilute Co_(2)from the air,lab-synthesized adsorbents in powder form may cause unacceptable gas pressure drops and poor heat and mass transfer efficiencies.A structured adsorbent is essential for the implementation of gas-solid contactors for cost-and energy-efficient DAC *** this study,efficient adsorbent poly(ethyleneimine)(PEi)-functionalized Mg-Al-Co_(3)layered double hydroxide(LDH)-derived mixed metal oxides(MMos)are three-dimensional(3D)printed into monoliths for the first time with more than 90%adsorbent *** printing process has been optimized by initially printing the LDH powder into monoliths followed by calcination into MMo *** structure exhibits a 32.7%higher specific surface area and a 46.1%higher pore volume,as compared to the direct printing of the MMo powder into a *** impregnation of PEi,the monolith demonstrates a large adsorption capacity(1.82 mmol/g)and fast kinetics(0.7 mmol/g/h)using a Co_(2)feed gas at 400 ppm at 25℃,one of the highest values among the shaped DAC *** of the amino-polymers during the post-printing process affects the diffusion of Co_(2),resulting in slower adsorption kinetics of pre-impregnation monoliths compared to post-impregnation *** optimal PEi/MeoH ratio for the post-impregnation solution prevents pores clogging that would affect both adsorption capacity and kinetics.

关键词： 3D printing Mixed metal oxides Amine functionalization Structured adsorbent Direct air capture