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Are dogs not susceptible to retroviral infections?

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动物疾病（英文） 2024年第3期4卷 217-223页

作者： Jorge Casseb João Henrique Campos Luciano Rodrigo Lopes Laboratory of Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies Department of DermatologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSPBrazil Igen-Institute of Immunogenetics São PauloSPBrazil Bioinformatics and Biomedical Data Science Division Health Informatics DepartmentUniversidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP.Rua Botucatu 862Prédio Leal Pradotérreo Vila Clementino CEP 04023-062 São PauloSPBrazil

Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in ***,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus *** potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question,looking at some evolutive *** lineage of canids has shown,throughout its evolutionary history,a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes,classified as endogenous *** this context,the genomes of canids seem to offer obstacles,which have been evolu-tionarily conserved,in the face of retroviral infection.

关键词： Retrovirus dogs Endogenous retrovirus

Chiral forces in longitudinally invariant dielectric photonic waveguides

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 431-443页

作者： JoSEP MARTÍNEZ-RoMEU IAGo DIEZ SEBASTIAN GoLAT FRANCISCo J.RoDRÍGUEZ-FoRTUÑo ALEJANDRo MARTÍNEZ Nanophotonics Technology Center Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia 46022Spain Department of Physics King’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUK

We calculate numerically the optical chiral forces in rectangular cross-section dielectric waveguides for potential enantiomer *** study considers force strength and time needed for separating chiral nanoparticles,mainly via quasi-TE guided modes at short wavelengths(405 nm)and the 90°-phase-shifted combination of quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes at longer wavelengths(1310 nm).Particle tracking simulations show successful enantiomer separation within two *** results suggest the feasibility of enantiomeric separation of nanoparticles displaying sufficient chirality using simple silicon photonic integrated circuits,with wavelength selection based on the nanoparticle size.

关键词： dielectric forces quasi

A decomposition of light’s spin angular momentum density

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1578-1589页

作者： Alex J.Vernon Sebastian Golat Claire Rigouzzo Eugene A.Lim Francisco J.Rodríguez-Fortuño Department of Physics King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK London Centre for Nanotechnology LondonUK

Light carries intrinsic spin angular momentum(SAM)when the electric or magnetic field vector rotates over time.A familiar vector equation calculates the direction of light’s SAM density using the right-hand rule with reference to the electric and magnetic polarisation *** Maxwell’s equations,this vector equation can be decomposed into a sum of two distinct terms,akin to the well-known Poynting vector decomposition into orbital and spin *** present the first general study of this spin decomposition,showing that the two terms,which we call canonical and Poynting spin,are chiral analogies to the canonical and spin momenta of light in its interaction with *** canonical momentum,canonical spin is directly *** canonical and Poynting spin incorporate spatial variation of the electric and magnetic fields and are influenced by optical *** decomposition allows us to show that a linearly polarised vortex beam,which has no total SAM,can nevertheless exert longitudinal chiral pressure due to equal and opposite canonical and Poynting spins.

关键词： canonical momentum angular

Elucidating the Degradation Pathways of Human Insulin in the Solid State

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第03期8卷 288-299页

作者： Andrew Fagan Lorraine M.Bateman Joseph P.o'Shea Abina M.Crean SSPC the SFI Centre for Pharmaceutical Research School of Pharmacy University College Cork School of Pharmacy University College Cork Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF) University College Cork School of Chemistry University College Cork

While there have been significant advances in the development of peptide oral dosage forms in recent years, highlighted by the clinical and commercial success of approved peptides such as Rybelsus?, there remain several barriers in the way of broad range applicability of this approach to peptide delivery. one such barrier includes the poor physical and chemical stability inherent to their structures, which persists in the solid state although degradation typically occurs at different rates and via different pathways in comparison to the solution state. Using insulin as a model peptide, this work sought to contribute to the development of analytical techniques for investigating common insulin degradation pathways. Chemically denatured,deamidated and aggregated samples were prepared and used to benchmark circular dichroism spectroscopy, reverse phase HPLC and size exclusion chromatography methods for the investigation of unfolding, chemical modifications and covalent aggregation of the insulin molecule respectively. Solid state degraded samples were prepared by heating insulin powder at 60 °C and 75% relative humidity for 1, 3, 5 and 7 d, and the degradation profiles of the samples were evaluated and compared with those observed in solution. While no unfolding was observed to occur, significant deamidation and covalent aggregation were detected. Reductive disulfide bond cleavage using dithiothreitol allowed for separation of the insulin A-and B-chains,offering a facile yet novel means of assessing the mechanisms of deamidation and covalent aggregation occurring in the solid state.

关键词： Biopharmaceutical analysis Covalent aggregation Deamidation Disulfide cleavage Insulin Solid state Stability

Hydrochar and synthetic natural gas co-production for a full circular economy implementation via hydrothermal carbonization and methanation:An economic approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 69-78页

作者： Judith González-Arias Guillermo Torres-Sempere Miriam González-Castaño Francisco MBaena-Moreno Tomás RReina Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute University of Seville-CSICSevilleSpain Materials Sciences Institute(ICMSE) CSIC-University of SevilleSevilleSpain Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSE 41296Sweden

Herein we study the economic performance of hydrochar and synthetic natural gas coproduction from olive tree *** process entails a combination of hydrothermal carbonization and *** a previous work,we evidenced that standalone hydrochar production via HTC results ***,we propose a step forward on the process design by implementing a methanation,adding value to the gas effluent in an attempt to boost the overall process techno-economic *** different plant capacities were analyzed(312.5,625 and 1250 kg/hr).The baseline scenarios showed that,under the current circumstances,our circular economy strategy in *** analysis of the revenues shows that hydrochar selling price have a high impact on NPV and subsidies for renewable coal production could help to boost the profitability of the *** the contrary,the analysis for natural gas prices reveals that prices 8 times higher than the current ones in Spain must be achieved to reach *** seems unlikely even under the presence of a strong subsidy *** costs analysis suggests that a remarkable electricity cost reduction or electricity consumption of the HTC stage could be a potential strategy to reach profitability ***,significant reduction of green hydrogen production costs is deemed instrumental to improve the economic performance of the *** results show the formidable techno-economic challenge that our society faces in the path towards circular economy societies.

关键词： Hydrothermal carbonization Co_(2)waste valorization Methanation Profitability analysis

Polyelectrolyte Complexes between Hyperbranched and Linear Polysaccharides: Fucoidan/Chitosan

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 468-479页

作者： Ekaterina R.Gasilova Daria N.Poshina Aleksandra o.Sitnikova Natalia N.Saprykina Yury A.Skorik Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Bolshoi VO 31St.Petersburg199004Russian Federation

Polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs)of hyperbranched(HB)and linear polysaccharides are promising as more effective encapsulation agents compared to PECs formed by linear *** investigated the PECs between the HB anionic polysaccharide fucoidan(FUC)and the cationic linear polysaccharide chitosan(CS).The FUC had a molecular weight(MW)of 30×*** PECs were prepared in three solvents(water,0.01 and 0.1 mol/L acetic acid)with CS of MW of 15,110 and 170 kDa,and deacetylation degrees(DDA)of 70%and 97%.The structures of the PECs and the initial FUC were investigated by multi-angle static and dynamic light *** the FUC contained 18 wt%of—oSo3 groups and 5 wt%of uronic acid units,it was a“strong-weak”copolyanion,so the HB macromolecules of the FUC formed nanogel particles in 0.1 mol/L AcoH and open branched structures in water,as confirmed by the Kratky *** mixing the solutions of original components,the PEC structures underwent an equilibration period,the duration of which increased with the MW of *** the charge stoichiometry was approached,the PECs shrank;the fractal dimension approached unity,indicating the side-by-side packing of adjacent FUC branches with the help of *** aggregation in the vicinity of the charge compensation was hardly observed,as it occurred in a very narrow *** PEC content at theζ-potential inversion depended on solvents’pH and the DDA of *** the extreme case of core-shell PECs in 0.1 mol/L AcoH,obtained by mixing FUC nanogels with the solutions of high MW CS of 97%DDA,the protruding tails of CS formed a positively charged shell in the whole range of FUC content(10 wt%on microscopy and atomic force microscopy images of dried samples were discussed in relation to the light scattering results.

关键词： Polyelectrolyte complexes Chitosan Hyperbranched fucoidan Light scattering

Art and construction related qualities of 14th‒15th century monuments in a rural landscape on the western coast of Türkiye

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 712-728页

作者： Mine Hamamcıoğlu-Turan Engin Aktaș Özge Deniz Toköz Faculty of Architecture İzmir Institute of TechnologyİzmirTürkiye Faculty of Engineering İzmir Institute of TechnologyİzmirTürkiye

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of art and construction in the early settlements established by Turkish communities on the far west Asian coast by focusing on two developed examples in Urla *** surveying and evaluation techniques of architectural restoration and civil engineering were *** findings include the understanding of the hierarchy of rural settlements in the studied landscape:old C¸esme the most developed village of peninsula in the 16th *** was positioned along a valley in distance to coast,but in control of harbor that played significant role in commerce between Europe and *** mosque and tomb,dated to late 14th e early 15th centuries,used to crown *** minaret tower of mosque,domed tomb tower on a cubical base and squinch in the transition zone of mosque are evidences for Central Asian *** of local lime stone,re-usage of andesite blocks,framing of the stone blocks with bricks,and pendentive in tomb refer to Roman-Byzantine *** study presents the development of Turkish art and construction on the far west Asian coast in the 14th‒15th *** will be a guide for related conservation management in similar contexts.

关键词： Mosque Tomb Central Asia Western Anatolia Mediterranean Conservation

Rotating effects on the photoionization cross-section of a 2D quantum ring

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期 153-159页

作者： Carlos Magno o Pereira Frankbelson dos S Azevedo Luís Fernando C Pereira Edilberto o Silva Departamento de Física Universidade Federal do Maranh?o

In this article, we investigate the nonrelativistic quantum motion of a charged particle within a rotating frame, taking into account the Aharonov–Bohm(AB) effect and a uniform magnetic field. our analysis entails the derivation of the equation of motion and the corresponding radial equation to describe the system. Solving the resulting radial equation enables us to determine the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, providing a clear expression for the energy levels. Furthermore,our numerical analysis highlights the substantial influence of rotation on both energy levels and optical properties. Specifically, we evaluate the photoionization cross-section with and without the effects of rotation. To elucidate the impact of rotation on the photoionization process of the system, we present graphics that offer an appealing visualization of the intrinsic nature of the physics involved.

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Polyoxidovanadates a new therapeutic alternative for neurodegenerative and aging diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 571-577页

作者： Sonia Irais Gonzalez-Cano Gonzalo Flores Jorge Guevara Julio Cesar Morales-Medina Samuel Treviño Alfonso Diaz Faculty of Chemical Sciences Benemerita Autonomous University of PueblaPueblaMexico Institute of Physiology Benemerita Autonomous University of PueblaPueblaMexico Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico Animal Reproduction Research Center CINVESTAV-Autonomous University of TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico

Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological integrity,leading to a deterioration of cognitive function and increasing the risk of suffering from chronic-degenerative diseases,including cardiovascular diseases,osteoporosis,cancer,diabetes,and *** is considered the major risk factor for Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease ***,diabetes and insulin resistance constitute additional risk factors for developing neurodegenerative ***,no treatment can effectively reverse these neurodegenerative ***,some antidiabetic drugs have opened the possibility of being used against neurodegenerative *** the previous framework,Vanadium species have demonstrated a notable antidiabetic *** research group evaluated polyoxidovanadates such as decavanadate and metforminium-decavanadate with preventive and corrective activity on neurodegeneration in brain-specific areas from rats with metabolic *** results suggest that these polyoxidovanadates induce neuronal and cognitive restoration *** review aims to describe the therapeutic potential of polyoxidovanadates as insulin-enhancer agents in the brain,constituting a therapeutic alternative for aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease antidiabetic brain cognition diabetes insulin neurodegeneration neuroinflammation oxidative stress Vanadium species