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The Bayamo Earthquake (Cuba) of the 18 october 1551

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International Journal of Geosciences 2010年第1期1卷 1-13页

作者： Mario o. Cotilla-Rodríguez Diego Córdoba-Barba 不详

Using contemporary and original documents from the Archivo General de Indias it has been possible to complete the data for the 18 october 1551 earthquake in Cuba. The seism took place at midday, approximately. It had foreshocks and aftershocks. In Bayamo, 7 inhabitants were injured, and the town was severely affected. Maximum seismic intensity was IX degrees on the MSK scale, and the area of perceptibility is estimated at 40,000 km2. Liquefaction processes and soil type in Bayamo contributed to the damage. This locality is in the Eastern region of the island, and continues to suffer the most and the strongest seismic events. The epicenter was in the southern marine area of the western segment of oriente trough (19.6 N 77.8 W, h = 15 km, Ms = 6.6), where there is a crossing of faults, and neotectonics and focal mechanisms are affected by transtension, although the Bartlett-Cayman region’s tendency to left-lateral strike-slip movement is maintained, in the Caribbean and North American plate boundary zone.

关键词： Bayamo Cuba Earthquake Historical Seismicity

A Mathematical Modelling of the Effect of Treatment in the Control of Malaria in a Population with Infected Immigrants

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Applied Mathematics 2018年第11期9卷 1238-1257页

作者： olaniyi S. Maliki Ngwu Romanus Bruno o. onyemegbulem Department of Mathematics Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria African Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development University of Jos Jos Nigeria

In this work, we developed a compartmental bio-mathematical model to study the effect of treatment in the control of malaria in a population with infected immigrants. In particular, the vector-host population model consists of eleven variables, for which graphical profiles were provided to depict their individual variations with time. This was possible with the help of MathCAD software which implements the Runge-Kutta numerical algorithm to solve numerically the eleven differential equations representing the vector-host malaria population model. We computed the basic reproduction ratio R0 following the next generation matrix. This procedure converts a system of ordinary differential equations of a model of infectious disease dynamics to an operator that translates from one generation of infectious individuals to the next. We obtained R0 = , i.e., the square root of the product of the basic reproduction ratios for the mosquito and human populations respectively. R0m explains the number of humans that one mosquito can infect through contact during the life time it survives as infectious. R0h on the other hand describes the number of mosquitoes that are infected through contacts with the infectious human during infectious period. Sensitivity analysis was performed for the parameters of the model to help us know which parameters in particular have high impact on the disease transmission, in other words on the basic reproduction ratio R0.

关键词： Malaria Control Infected Immigrants Basic Reproduction Ratio Differential Equations MathCAD Simulation

Performance Evaluation of Waste Stabilisation Ponds

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第11期10卷 1129-1147页

作者： o. P. Gopolang M. W. Letshwenyo Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana

Waste stabilisation pond system has been used more especially in developing countries for sewage treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the hydraulic and performance efficiency of Palapye waste stabilisation ponds. The hydraulic efficiency was evaluated through drogue, pond geometry and sludge accumulation assessment. The performance efficiency was evaluated through periodic sampling and analysis of physiochemical and bacteriological parameters of individual units and of the system as a whole. Except for the maturation ponds, the depth of the anaerobic pond had reduced from 4 m to 0.45 m, for facultative ponds from 2.0 m to a range of 0.52 m - 0.91 m. The design hydraulic retention time of the system had reduced from 20 days to 7.1 days. The concentration of some physiochemical parameters in the effluent was 305 mg·L-1, 277 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), 204 mg·L-1, 156 mg·L-1, 110 mg·L-1, and 15 mg·L-1 being total suspended solids, turbidity, nitrates, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and phosphate respectively. These values were more than the standard limits of the country. Effluent total coliforms concentration was 3.6 log units and within the threshold of 4.3 log units, faecal coliforms concentration was 3.5 log units, slightly higher than the threshold of 3 log units. Though Escherichia coli have no limits for discharge into other environments, the concentration in the effluent was reasonable at 2.5 log units and also within irrigation limit of 3 log counts. Palapye wastewater treatment system hydraulic efficiency is lower than the design criterion. The system was overall poor in physiochemical parameters removal but better in bacteriological removal.

关键词： Hydraulic Efficiency Waste Stabilisation Ponds Length to Width Ratio Pond Geometry

Biological Soil Quality Indicators and Conditioners in a Plant-Assisted Remediation of Crude oil Polluted Farmland

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第13期8卷 1622-1635页

作者： E. o. Nwaichi L. C. Chuku University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

owing to vital roles played by enzymes in the preservation of the make-up of soil ecosystem and functional diversity, the influence of organic manure on the resultant biological quality of a crude oil polluted agricultural soil from a 90 d phytoremediation pot experiment was investigated. A 4-factor phyto-assisted clean-up of crude oil polluted agricultural soil was designed with options of manure amendments, to boost micobial activities. Profiles of β-glucosidases, proteases, dehydrogenases, phosphomonoesterases and respiration were investigated. Analysis of variance of triplicate experiment was carried out. Application of soil conditioner gave no marked dehydrogenase activity, which increased with depletion of available phosphorus. Marked increases in Co2 release and alkaline phosphatase activity with soil conditioning may implicate beneficial relationship with the abundance of microbial populations. Flooding in some pots correlated with β-glucosidase and respiratory acitivities. A direct relationship between cellulose breakdown, measurable with β-glucosidase activity, organic matter and Co2 release, measurable with respiratory activity within all soils was found in the present study. Use of organic manure significantly improved Co2 release by soil biota in hydrocarbon-impacted soil and may be explored for phytoremediation technique.

关键词： Soil Quality Enzymes and Activities Environmental Changes organic Matter organic Manure Petroleum Stress

Hypertension (Htn) among Young People of 18 to 35 Years old in Cardiology Department of Gabriel Toure University Teaching Hospital

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2018年第1期8卷 11-17页

作者： Ichaka Menta Hamidou o. Ba Kassoum M. Sanogo Cardiology Department of “Gabrièl Touré” University Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali

Few studies have been conducted on hypertension among youth in Mali?hence the interest of our study aimed to clarify certain aspects what are not taken account yet in previous studies.?objective: Determine the clinical and para-clinical characteristics of hypertension among 18 to 35 years old young people.?Methods:?This cross-sectional and retrospective study of 24 months from January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2010?in the cardiology department of the Gabriel Touré UTH.?Results:?We identified 132 cases during the study period out of 2146 cases of hypertension with a prevalence of 6.1%. The female gender represented 81.8%, with a sex ratio of 45.59, 1% of patients had an unknown family history of hypertension. The age group of 31 to 35 years accounted for 43.9%. The circumstances of discovery were dominated by exertional dyspnea (37.9%). Body mass index was normal in 45.5% of patients. The higher BMI was more common in female patients with 39.39% (p?= 0.045). In the sample,53% of patients had a systolic blood pressure between 140?and 159 mmHg and 38.6% had diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg with no significant difference (p?> 0.5). The high creatinine level was found in 18.18% of our patients. The ECG?found?84.6%?of left ventricular hypertrophy among cavitary hypertrophies. The echocardiography has found cavitary?dilatation in 40.04% of cases;it concerned the left ventricle in 25.71%. Also 18.57% of our patients had impaired left ventricular systolic function. Among the complications found in our patients, kidney failure led with 56%.?Conclusion:?Hypertension is not a rare event among young population even with a normal body mass index. It is often discovered during complications that can be dreadful.

关键词： Hypertension Young People Complications

Implementation of the Estimating Functions Approach in Asset Returns Volatility Forecasting Using First order Asymmetric GARCH Models

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open Journal of Statistics 2015年第5期5卷 455-464页

作者： Timothy Ndonye Mutunga Ali Salim Islam Luke Akong’o orawo Department of Mathematics Egerton University Egerton Kenya

This paper implements the method of estimating functions (EF) in the modelling and forecasting of financial returns volatility. This estimation approach incorporates higher order moments which are common in most financial time series, into modelling, leading to a substantial gain of information and overall efficiency benefits. The two models considered in this paper provide a better in-sample-fit under the estimating functions approach relative to the traditional maximum likely-hood estimation (MLE) approach when fitted to empirical time series. on this ground, the EF approach is employed in the first order EGARCH and GJR-GARCH models to forecast the volatility of two market indices from the USA and Japanese stock markets. The loss functions, mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), have been utilized in evaluating the predictive ability of the EGARCH vis-à-vis the GJR-GARCH model.

关键词： Estimating Function Asymmetric GARCH Volatility Mean Square Error Mean Absolute Error

Applications of Potassium Permanganate in the oxidative Degradation of Trichloroethylene

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2015年第7期3卷 16-27页

作者： Jude o. Ighere Karina Honjoya Ramesh C. Chawla Chemical Engineering Howard University Washington DC USA

The scope of this study was to determine techniques to remediate trichloroethylene contamination under different environmental conditions, media and in co-existence with chromium. The specific objectives were focused on the oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in soil and aqueous media using both unmodified KMno4 particles and poly (methyl methacrylate), PMMA encapsulated KMno4 in the presence and absence of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI). Molar ratios (p-values) of KMno4 to TCE were used as a determining factor in the TCE oxidation process. p-values of 2, 5 and 10 were investigated in aqueous media and an approximately 0.5 M-1·s-1 rate constant was obtained using unmodified KMno4 in aqueous system. The extent of oxidation did not change with TCE concentration. In soil system, TCE oxidation requires a large amount of KMno4 to produce similar results as in aqueous system. pH experiments indicate that except at high alkaline condition, pH does not impact the extent of TCE oxidation. Also, the presence of Cr(VI) did not hinder TCE oxidation by KMno4. Using controlled release application, the rate of TCE oxidation was reduced by PMMA encapsulated KMno4. Comparative study indicated an expectedly slow rate of TCE degradation using modified KMno4 but similar overall extent of oxidation for both modified and unmodified KMno4. The application of the encapsulated matrix yielded 88% ± 3% TCE oxidation and a simultaneous 81% ± 2.1% Cr(VI) reduction by ferrous ion in the same system.

关键词： Trichloroethylene Kinetics Permanganate oxidation Poly Methyl Methacrylate Mixed Contaminants

断奶仔猪饲喂鸡肉粉、禽副产品、肠膜、全鸡粉豆粕复合物和常规豆粕的消化代谢能浓度和氨基酸消化率

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中国饲料 2016年第7期 35-41页

作者： o.J.Rojas H.H.Stein 伊利诺伊大学动物科学系 61801

利用2个试验评估鸡肉粉、禽副产品、肠膜、全鸡粉豆粕复合物和常规豆粕分别喂养断奶仔猪的消化能和代谢能浓度以及氨基酸标准回肠消化率（SID）。试验1中，48头阉公猪，初始体重为（14．6±2．2）kg，被放置在代谢笼中，根据完全随机区... 详细信息

利用2个试验评估鸡肉粉、禽副产品、肠膜、全鸡粉豆粕复合物和常规豆粕分别喂养断奶仔猪的消化能和代谢能浓度以及氨基酸标准回肠消化率（SID）。试验1中，48头阉公猪，初始体重为（14．6±2．2）kg，被放置在代谢笼中，根据完全随机区组设计分配至6个日粮处理组，每个处理8个重复。基础对照组含有98．1％的玉米（饲喂基础），其他5组日粮分别包含玉米以及11％～16％不等的鸡肉粉、禽副产品、肠膜、全鸡粉豆粕复合物或者豆粕。以等蛋白原则配制各处理日粮。收集断奶仔猪5d的粪便和尿液。玉米、鸡肉粉、禽副产品、肠膜和全鸡粉豆粕复合物和豆粕干物质的代谢能分别为3957、3816、4586、4298、4255、4091kcal／kgn禽副产品的代谢能极显著高于玉米、鸡肉粉、全鸡粉豆粕复合物和豆粕（P〈0．01），肠膜和全鸡粉豆粕复合物的代谢能极显著高于玉米和鸡肉粉（P〈0．01），但是肠膜、全鸡粉豆粕复合物和豆粕之间无显著差异。试验2中，12头回肠中装有T型套管的阉公猪，初始体重为（12．2±1．5）kg，采用6×6拉丁方试验设计进行试验。配制无氮日粮和玉米淀粉一豆粕型基础日粮。另外4种日粮以玉米淀粉、蔗糖、豆粕为基础分别添加鸡肉粉、禽副产品、肠膜或者全鸡粉豆粕复合物。豆粕的蛋白质标准回肠消化率以及除了色氨酸、脯氨酸之外的所有氨基酸标准回肠消化率均高于其他处理日粮（P〈0．01）。全鸡粉豆粕复合物的蛋白质和必需氨基酸标准回肠消化率显著高于鸡肉粉和肠膜（P〈0．01）：此外，除了精氨酸和缬氨之外，其他必需氨基酸标准回肠消化率均高于禽副产品。然而，除了缬氨酸和赖氨酸外，其他氨基酸标准回肠消化率鸡肉粉和禽副产品间无明显差异。总之，肠膜和全鸡粉豆粕复合物的代谢能高于鸡肉粉，但与豆粕无显著差异。禽副产品较豆粕、鸡肉粉、全鸡粉豆粕复合物可提供更多的代谢能。全鸡粉豆粕复合物的大部分必需氨基酸标准回肠消化率均高于鸡肉粉、禽副产品和肠膜，但却低于豆粕。

关键词：氨基酸消化率动物蛋白鸡肉粉能量猪禽副产品

Intelligent Networked (N+M) Fault Tolerant Systems for Hydropower Station

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水电能源科学 1999年第1期 66-72页

作者：王生铁叶鲁卿Ｏ．Ｐ．ＭａｌｉｋＣａｌｇａｒｙ大学电气系内蒙古工业大学华中理工大学

智能网络化为（Ｎ＋Ｍ）容错系统实现提供了一条切实可行途径，本文提出了其实现的基本思想和基本方法，并着重讨论其体系结构和智能容错策略．在此基础上，给出了一种基于现场总线的水电站智能网络化（Ｎ＋Ｍ）容错系统的实现方法．这... 详细信息

智能网络化为（Ｎ＋Ｍ）容错系统实现提供了一条切实可行途径，本文提出了其实现的基本思想和基本方法，并着重讨论其体系结构和智能容错策略．在此基础上，给出了一种基于现场总线的水电站智能网络化（Ｎ＋Ｍ）容错系统的实现方法．这种实现方法具有结构简单，安装维修方便，系统投资少，可靠性高，互操作性强等独特优点，因而具有良好的应用前景．本文提出的基本思想和基本方法不但适用于水电站的调速系统，对其它工业系统也有普遍意义

关键词：水电站容错系统网络化智能化仪表现场总线