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Developing one-dimensional implosions for inertial confinement fusion science

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-7页

作者： J.L.Kline S.A.Yi A.N.Simakov R.E.olson D.C.Wilson G.A.Kyrala T.S.Perry S.H.Batha E.L.Dewald J.E.Ralph D.J.Strozzi A.G.MacPhee D.A.Callahan D.Hinkel o.a.hurricane R.J.Leeper A.B.Zylstra R.R.Peterson B.M.Haines L.Yin P.A.Bradley R.C.Shah T.Braun J.Biener B.J.Kozioziemski J.D.Sater M.M.Biener A.V.Hamza A.Nikroo L.F.Berzak Hopkins D.Ho S.LePape N.B.Meezan D.S.Montgomery W.S.Daughton E.C.Merritt T.Cardenas E.S.Dodd Los Alamos National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Experiments on the National Ignition Facility show that multi-dimensional effects currently dominate the implosion performance. Low mode implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by capsule mounting features appear to be two key limiting factors for implosion performance. one reason these factors have a large impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions is the high convergence required to achieve high fusion gains.To tackle these problems, a predictable implosion platform is needed meaning experiments must trade-off high gain for performance. LANL has adopted three main approaches to develop a one-dimensional(1D) implosion platform where 1D means measured yield over the 1D clean calculation. A high adiabat, low convergence platform is being developed using beryllium capsules enabling larger case-to-capsule ratios to improve symmetry. The second approach is liquid fuel layers using wetted foam targets. With liquid fuel layers, the implosion convergence can be controlled via the initial vapor pressure set by the target fielding temperature. The last method is double shell targets. For double shells, the smaller inner shell houses the DT fuel and the convergence of this cavity is relatively small compared to hot spot ignition. However,double shell targets have a different set of trade-off versus advantages. Details for each of these approaches are described.

关键词： beryllium capsules double shells inertial confinement fusion liquid layers

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An Assessment of Water Quality Parameters at the Cerrillos Reservoir, Ponce, Puerto Rico in the Aftermath of hurricane Maria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第1期14卷 35-49页

作者： Yashira Marie Sánchez-Colón Javier Alejandro Chévere-Del Río Nichole Marie Sánchez-Guzmán Fred Charles Schaffner Public Health Program Ponce Health Sciences University Ponce Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Department of Health San Juan Puerto Rico School of Science and Technology Universidad Ana G Méndez Gurabo Campus Gurabo Puerto Rico

Maintaining the water quality of lakes and reservoirs is part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an initiative promoted by the United Nations, including anthropogenic and natural factors that may influence water quality. The water reservoirs of Puerto Rico were built in watersheds to provide runoff control and for primary uses. The Cerrillos Reservoir is one of the largest water reservoirs in southern Puerto Rico, and is used as a source of potable water and for recreational activities. After hurricane Maria, in September 2017, many communities were without public water service and have obtained their drinking water from local rivers or their tributaries, without filtration or purification treatment. This research explored the physical-chemical parameters of Cerrillos Reservoir’s surface water from May 2018 to January 2019. The objective of the present study is to assess seasonal variations in surface water quality with respect to physical (temperature, turbidity, and conductivity), chemical (nutrient concentrations: (Phosphorus (P) (Soluble Reactive Phosphorus, phosphate, or orthophosphate) and Nitrogen (N) (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia)), pH, and dissolved oxygen), and biological (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) parameters. Results suggest that Cerrillos Reservoir did not exceed the parameters of temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH and Do, established by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (PRDNER). The reservoir showed a stable trophic state in relation to inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen as N and P concentrations did not increase sufficiently to disrupt this ecosystem. However, total coliforms exceeded the maximum parameter (23 MPN/100mL - 994 MPN/100mL) established for the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and are likely to be the results of the disruption caused by hurricane Maria.

关键词： Cerrillos Reservoir Water Quality Puerto Rico Post hurricane Maria

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A DISCUSSIoN oF THE MoST INTENSE TRoPICAL CYCLoNES IN THE WESTERN NoRTH PACIFIC FRoM 1978 To 2013

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2015年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： CHUN-WING CHoY SZE-NING CHoNG DEXIN KoNG ESPERANZA o.CAYANAN Hong Kong observatory School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

This study examines a number of very intense tropical cyclones(TCs) in the western North Pacific(WNP) since 1978 as depicted by the best track data from the four main weather agencies in the WNP, namely the Hong Kong observatory, China Meteorological Administration, Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo and Joint Typhoon Warning Centre, and the Advanced Dvorak Technique–hurricane Satellite dataset prepared by the University of Wisconsin/NoAA National Climatic Data Center to identify the most intense TCs in the western North Pacific. Comparison analysis reveals that there are very large differences in the ranking of maximum sustained wind speed(MSW) among these datasets, probably due to data inhomogeneity issues and the discrepancies in TC intensity assessment among these centres. Re-assessment of the MSW of potential candidates suggests that, within uncertainty range of the analysis, Tip(1979) and Haiyan(2013) are the most intense TCs in the WNP during the period. Among the potential candidates, eight of them made landfall during their lifetime. Satellite pattern comparison and the best track dataset analysis of these typhoons show that Haiyan(2013) has the highest estimated MSW right before landfalling, making it the most intense TC making landfall in the WNP during the period 1978-2013.

关键词： tropical cyclone analysis Dvorak analysis Tip Haiyan

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RECENT ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND FoRECASTING oF TRoPICAL CYCLoNE TRACK, INTENSITY, AND STRUCTURE AT LANDFALL

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2018年第2期7卷 85-105页

作者： MARIE-DoMINIQUE LERoUX KIMBERLY WooD RUSSELL L.ELSBERRY ESPERANZA o.CAYANAN ERIC HENDRICKS MATTHEW KUCAS PETER oTTo RoBERT RoGERS BUCK SAMPSoN ZIFENG YU Météo-France DIRoI/EC Mississippi State University University of Colorado-Colorado Springs Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Naval Postgraduate School Joint Typhoon Warning Center Bureau of Meteorology NoAA/AoML/hurricane Research Division Naval Research Laboratory Shanghai Typhoon Institute and Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique China Meteorological Administration

This review prepared for the fourth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclone Landfall Processes(IWTCLP-4) summarizes the most recent(2015-2017) theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of tropical cyclone(TC) track, intensity, and structure rapid changes at or near landfall. Although the focus of IWTCLPIV was on landfall, this summary necessarily embraces the characteristics of storms during their course over the ocean prior to and leading up to landfall. In the past few years, extremely valuable observational datasets have been collected for TC forecasting guidance and research studies using both aircraft reconnaissance and new geostationary or low-earth orbiting satellites at high temporal and spatial resolution. Track deflections for systems near complex topography such as that of Taiwan and La Réunion have been further investigated, and advanced numerical models with high spatial resolution necessary to predict the interaction of the TC circulation with steep island topography have been developed. An analog technique has been designed to meet the need for longer range landfall intensity forecast guidance that will provide more time for emergency preparedness. Probabilistic track and intensity forecasts have also been developed to better communicate on forecast uncertainty. operational practices of several TC forecast centers are described herein and some challenges regarding forecasts and warnings for TCs making landfall are identified. This review concludes with insights from both researchers and forecasters regarding future directions to improve predictions of TC track, intensity, and structure at landfall.

关键词： tropical cyclone track intensity structure landfall rapid intensification rapid changes

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