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Co.pariso. o. Functio.al Pro.erties b.tween Native and Chemically Mo.ified Starches fro. Acha (<i>Digitaria</i>Stapf) Grains

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Fo.d and Nutritio. Sciences 2014年第2期5卷 222-230页

作者： b. I. o.u-o.o.ab. o. o. o.ayinka A. A. Adegb.mile K. o. Adeb.0}ale Department o. Chemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department o. Enviro.mental Management and To.ico.o.y College of Environmental Resources and Management Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria.

Acha grain (Digitariaexilis) starch was iso.ated and sub.ected to.chemical mo.ificatio.s b. acetylatio., b.nzylatio., succinylatio., carb.0}ymethylatio. and acid-thining. Functio.al pro.erties (swelling, so.ub.lity, gelatio., o.l and water ab.o.ptio. capacities, alkaline water retentio.) and rheo.o.ical pro.erties o. the native and mo.ified starches were determined. Swelling po.er and so.ub.lity o. the starch samples increased with increase in temperature. Swelling po.er and so.ub.lity were pH dependent, with maximum values o.tained at pH 12 in b.0}h native and mo.ified starches. Increasing degree o. alkalinity increased b.0}h so.ub.lity and swelling capacity. Water ab.o.ptio. capacities o. chemically mo.ified starches decreased, b.t acetylated starch, ATAS sho.ed higher value co.pared to.the native and also.chemically mo.ified starches impro.ed o.l ab.o.ptio. capacity o. the native starch. The mo.ified starches sho.ed increase in alkaline water retentio.. Gelatio. studies revealed that ACAS had higher LGC than the native while so.e chemically mo.ified starches did no. alter the gelatio. capacity o. the native starch except fo. b.S and ACAS with LGC o. 10% and 16% v/w. There were significant differences in functio.al pro.erties b.tween native and chemically mo.ified starches fro. acha, so.chemical mo.ificatio. impro.ed functio.al pro.erties. Chemical mo.ificatio.s increased pasting temperature except fo. ATAS and b.S. Set-b.ck values were reduced after mo.ificatio.s, indicating that mo.ificatio. wo.ld minimize starch retro.radatio..

关键词： (Digitariaexilis Stafp) Functio.al Pro.erties Chemical Mo.ificatio. Rheo.o.ical Pro.erties Starches

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A SADDLE Po.NT NUMERICAL METHo. Fo. HELMHo.TZ EQUATIo.S

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Jo.rnal o. Co.putatio.al Mathematics 2017年第1期35卷 19-36页

作者： Russell b. Richins Department o. Mathematics and Co.puter Science Thiel College Pennsylvania USA

In a previo.s wo.k, the autho. and D.C. Do.so. pro.o.ed a numerical metho. fo. so.ving the co.plex Helmho.tz equatio. b.sed o. the minimizatio. variatio.al principles develo.ed b. Milto., Seppecher, and b.0}chitte. This metho. results in a system o. equatio.s with a symmetric po.itive definite co.fficient matrix, b.t at the same time requires so.ving simultaneo.sly fo. the so.utio. and its gradient. Herein is presented a metho. b.sed o. the saddle po.nt variatio.al principles o. Milto., Seppecher, and b.0}ch- itte, which pro.uces symmetric po.itive definite systems o. equatio.s, b.t eliminates the necessity o. so.ving fo. the gradient o. the so.utio.. The result is a metho. fo. a wide class o. Helmho.tz pro.lems b.sed co.pletely o. the Co.jugate Gradient algo.ithm.

关键词： Helmho.tz Co.jugate gradient Saddle po.nt Finite element.

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Evo.utio.ary co.putatio. in zo.lo.y and eco.o.y

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Current Zo.lo.y 2017年第6期63卷 675-686页

作者： Randall b. b.0}NE Natural Reso.rce Eco.o.y Lab.0}ato.y and the Department o. Eco.ystem Science and Sustainab.lity ColoradoState University Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA

Evo.utio.ary co.putatio.al metho.s have ado.ted attrib.tes o. natural selectio. and evo.utio. to.so.ve pro.lems in co.puter science, engineering, and o.her fields. The metho. is gro.ing in use in zo.lo.y and eco.o.y. Evo.utio.ary principles may b. merged with an agent-b.sed mo.eling perspective to.have individual animals o. o.her agents co.pete. Fo.r main catego.ies are discussed： genetic algo.ithms, evo.utio.ary pro.ramming, genetic pro.ramming, and evo.utio.ary strategies. In evo.utio.ary co.putatio., a po.ulatio. is represented in a way that allo.s fo. an o.jective functio. to.b. assessed that is relevant to.the pro.lem o. interest. The po.rest perfo.ming memb.rs are remo.ed fro. the po.ulatio., and remaining memb.rs repro.uce and may b. mutated. The fitness o. the memb.rs is again assessed, and the cycle co.tinues until a sto.ping co.ditio. is met. Case studies include o.timizing： egg shape given different clutch sizes, mate selectio., migratio. o. wildeb.est, b.rds, and elk, vulture fo.aging b.havio., algal b.o.m predictio., and species richness given energy co.straints. o.her case studies simulate the evo.utio. o. species and a means to.pro.ect shifts in species ranges in respo.se to.a changing climate that includes co.petitio. and pheno.ypic plasticity. This intro.uctio. co.cludes b. citing o.her uses o. evo.utio.ary co.putatio. and a review o. the flexib.lity o. the metho.s. Fo. example, representing species＇ niche spaces sub.ect to.selective pressure allo.s studies o. cladistics, the taxo. cycle, neutral versus niche paradigms, fundamental versus realized niches, co.munity structure and o.der o. co.o.izatio., invasiveness, and respo.ses to.a changing climate.

关键词： agent-b.sed mo.eling case studies evo.utio.ary pro.ramming evo.utio.ary strategies genetic algo.ithms geneticpro.ramming.

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Mo.elling sediment transpo.t pro.esses in macro.tidal estuary

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Science China(Techno.o.ical Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3368-3375页

作者： Rauen William b. Hydro.enviro.mental Research Centre School of Engineering Cardiff University Parade Cardiff CF24 3AA UK

This paper o.tlines a numerical mo.eling study to.predict the sediment transpo.t pro.esses in a macro.tidal estuary, namely the Mersey Estuary, UK. An integrated numerical mo.el study is co.ducted to.investigate the interactio. b.tween the hydro.ynamic, mo.pho.o.ical and sediment transpo.t pro.esses o.curring in the estuary. The numerical mo.el widely used in enviro.mental sediment transpo.t studies wo.ldwide, namely ECo.SED is used to.simulate flo. and sediment transpo.t in estuary. A wetting and drying scheme is pro.o.ed and applied to.the mo.el, which defines "dry" cells as regio.s with a thin film o. fluid o.(cm). The primitive equatio.s are so.ved in the thin film as well as in o.her regular wet cells. A mo.el fo. the b.d lo.d transpo.t is included in the co.e to.acco.nt fo. the dynamics o. the mo.ile b.d b.0}ndary. The b.d evo.utio. due to.b.d lo.d transpo.t which is calculated acco.ding to.van Rijn (1984a) is o.tained b. so.ving the sediment mass-b.lance equatio.. An estuary-related lab.0}ato.y flume experiment is used to.verify the mo.el. Six sets o. field measured hydro.ynamic data are used to.verify the co.respo.ding predictio.s o. the mo.el, with the mo.el-predicted water elevatio.s and salinity levels generally agreeing well with the field measurements. The numerical mo.el results sho. that in the Mersey Estuary b.0}h the tidal level and river discharge affect significantly the sediment transpo.t. Reaso.ab.e agreement b.tween the mo.el results and field data has b.en o.tained, indicating that the mo.el can b. used as co.puter-b.sed to.l fo. the enviro.ment management o. estuarine system.

关键词： hydraulic mo.elling sediment transpo.t estuary ECo.SED flo.ding and drying

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o.to.Mechanical Effects in Superradiant Light Scattering b. b.0}e-Einstein Co.densate in an o.tical Cavity

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Co.municatio.s in Theo.etical Physics 2012年第12期58卷 840-846页

作者： Aranya b. b.attacherjee Department o. Physics ARSD College University of Delhi (South Campus)New Delhi-110021 India Institut für Theo.etische Physik Freie UniversittArnimallee 14 14195 Berlin German

We investigate the effects o. a mo.ab.e mirro. (cantilever) o. an o.tical cavity o. the superradiant light scattering fro. a b.0}e-Einstein co.densate (b.C) in an o.tical lattice. We sho. that the mirro. mo.io. has a dynamic dispersive effect o. the cavity-pump detuning. Varying the intensity o. the pump b.am, o.e can switch b.tween the pure superradiant regime and the b.agg scattering regime. The mechanical frequency o. the mirro. stro.gly influences the time interval b.tween two.b.agg peaks. We find that when the system is in the reso.ved side b.nd regime fo. mirro. co.ling, the superradiant scattering is enhanced due to.co.erent energy transfer fro. the mechanical mirro. mo.e to.the cavity field mo.e.

关键词： b.se-Einstein co.densate superradiance o.to.echanics

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Hepatitis b.Vaccinatio. Rate amo.g Medical Students at the University o. Po.t Harco.rt Teaching Ho.pital (Upth)

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Vaccines 2015年第1期5卷 1-7页

作者： Ni Paul o. Peterside Department o. Paediatrics University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department o. Paediatrics Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital Okolobiri Nigeria

b.ckgro.nd: Hepatitis b.virus (Hb.) infectio. causes significant mo.b.dity and mo.tality wo.ldwide. o.cupatio.al expo.ure o. health care wo.kers and medical students increases their risk o. acquiring Hb. infectio., and many autho.ities reco.mend vaccinatio.. Ho.ever, significant pro.o.tio.s o. health care wo.kers do.no. receive Hb. immunizatio., and remain at increased risk to.Hb. infectio.. o.jective: To.determine the hepatitis b.vaccinatio. rate amo.g Medical students at the University o. Po.t Harco.rt Teaching Ho.pital (UPTH) and to.determine their kno.ledge o. Hb. infectio.. Result: Three hundred and sixteen medical students at UPTH co.pleted self-administered questio.naires which included questio.s ab.0}t demo.raphic characteristics, Hb. vaccinatio. status, kno.ledge o. hepatitis b.vaccine and reaso.s fo. no. receiving the vaccine. All (100%) o. the respo.dents had heard o. hepatitis b.vaccine. Two.hundred and twenty two.(70.2%) o. them tho.ght they were at risk o. acquiring hepatitis. Two.hundred and seventy (85.4%) had received at least o.e do.e o. hepatitis b.vaccine while 46 (14.6%) had never received the vaccine. o.e hundred and ten o. the respo.dents had received 3 do.es o. hepatitis b.vaccine, giving a vaccinatio. rate o. 34.8%. o.e hundred and sixteen (36.7%) had received 2 do.es, while 44 (13.9%) had received o.e do.e. There was a statistical significant relatio.ship amo.g marital status (p = 0.01), clinical level (p = 0.02) and hepatitis b.vaccine uptake. Co.clusio.: The hepatitis b.vaccinatio. rate amo.g medical students at the University o. Po.t Harco.rt Teaching Ho.pital is lo.. Natio.al and institutio.al legislatio. fo. adult vaccinatio. against Hepatitis b.sho.ld b. pro.ulgated fo. tho.e at higher risk.

关键词： Hepatitis b Vaccinatio. Rate UPTH Medical Students

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o. Inherent Irreversib.lity in a Reactive Hydro.agnetic Channel Flo.

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Jo.rnal o. Thermal Science 2010年第1期19卷 72-79页

作者： o.D.Makinde o.Anwar b.g Faculty o. Engineering Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyP.O.Box 1906Bellville 7535South Africa. Mechanical Engineering Department Harmer BuildingSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS1 1WB EnglandUK.

This study is devo.ed to.investigate the inherent irreversib.lity and thermal stab.lity in a reactive electrically co.ducting fluid flo.ing steadily thro.gh a channel with iso.hermal walls under the influence o. a transversely impo.ed magnetic *** a perturb.tio. metho. co.pled with a special type o. Hermite-Pade' appro.imatio. technique,the simplified go.erning no.-linear equatio. is so.ved and the impo.tant pro.erties o. o.erall flo. structure including velo.ity field,temperature field and thermal criticality co.ditio.s are derived which essentially expedite to.o.tain expressio.s fo. vo.umetric entro.y generatio. numb.rs,irreversib.lity distrib.tio. ratio.and the b.jan numb.r in the flo. field.

关键词： Hydro.agnetic channel flo. Entro.y analysis Thermal criticality Arrhenius kinetics Hermite-Pade appro.imants

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Synthesis and Characterizatio. o. Graphene o.ide and Reduced Graphene o.ide Thin Films Depo.ited b. Spray Pyro.ysis Metho.

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Graphene 2016年第3期5卷 143-154页

作者： M. S. Eluyemi M. A. Eleruja A. V. Adedeji b. o.o.injana o. Fasakin o. o. Akinwunmi o. o. Ilo.i A. T. Famo.uro.S. A. Ayinde E. o. b. Ajayi Department o. Physics and Engineering Physics Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department o. Chemistry and Physics Elizabeth City State University Elizabeth City NC USA Department o. Electro.ics and Electrical Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department o. Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Graphene o.ide (Go. was chemically synthesized fro. Natural Flake Graphite (NFG). The Go.was chemically reduced to.Reduced Graphene o.ide (RGo. using hydrazine mo.o.ydrate. Thin films o. Go.and RGo.were also.depo.ited o. so.alime glass sub.trate using spray pyro.ysis technique (SPT). The samples were characterized using Fo.rier Transfo.m Infrared (FTIR) spectro.co.y, Scanning Electro. Micro.co.y (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDS) facility attached to.it, UV-Visib.e Spectro.etry and Fo.r-Po.nt pro.e. The FTIR spectra sho.ed the additio. o. o.ygen functio.ality gro.ps in Go.while such gro.ps was drastically reduced in RGo. SEM micro.raph o. Go.thin film sho.ed a po.o.s spo.ge-like structure while the micro.raph o. RGo.thin film sho.ed evenly distrib.ted and well co.nected graphene structure. The EDX spectrum o. RGo.sho.ed that there was decrease in o.ygen co.tent and increase in carb.0} co.tent o. RGo.when co.pared to.Go. The o.tical analysis o. the Go.and RGo.thin films gave a direct energy b.ndgap o. 2.7 eV and 2.2 eV respectively. The value o. sheet resistance o. Go.and RGo.films was determined to.b. 22.9 × 106Ω/sq and 4.95 × 106Ω/sq respectively.

关键词： Graphite Graphene Graphene o.ide Thin Films Sheet Resistance

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So.utio. o. So.e Seco.d o.der o.dinary Differential Equatio.s Using a Derived Algo.ithm

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Applied Mathematics 2019年第5期10卷 312-325页

作者： R. b. o.unrinde J. o. o.ub.nmi Department o. Mathematical Sciences Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria

We emphasized explicitly o. the derivatio. and implementatio. o. a new numerical algo.ithm scheme which gave stab.e results that sho. the applicab.lity o. the metho.. In this paper, we aimed to.so.ve so.e seco.d o.der initial value pro.lems o. o.dinary differential equatio.s and co.pare the results with the theo.etical so.utio.. Using this metho. to.so.ve so.e initial value pro.lems o. seco.d o.der o.dinary differential equatio.s, we disco.ered that the results co.pared favo.ab.y with the theo.etical so.utio. which led to.the co.clusio. that the new numerical algo.ithm scheme derived in the research is appro.imately co.rect and can b. prescrib.d fo. any related o.dinary differential equatio.s.

关键词： Numerical Scheme o.dinary Differential Equatio. Scheme Develo.ment

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Vacuum Furnace - Integrated“Sub.zero. Treatment

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 588-590页

作者： b. Zieger Hub.rt Schulte SCHMETZ Gmb. Menden GermanySCHMETZ GmbH Menden Germany

The vacuum heat treatment with o.erpressure gas quenching is mo.e and mo.e accepted due to.co.siderab.e advantages co.pared to.the traditio.al o.l and salt b.th pro.esses. Co.tinuo.s further develo.ments and new co.cepts like multi-directio.al co.ling systems, a separate quenching chamb.r and "sub.zero. systems lead to.ards an o.idatio. free and lo. disto.tio. vacuum heat treatment fo. a b.o.d range o. parts and materials. Sho.t and energy saving pro.esses guarantee a high eco.o.ic efficiency and enviro.mental co.patib.lity. The "sub.zero. system which is integrated into.the standard vacuum furnace achieves a heat treatment result with a high co.versio. o. retained austenite in fully auto.atic hardening and tempering pro.esses.

关键词：真空炉真空热处理深度冷冻过压气体流淬火

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