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Modeling Surfa.e Wa.er a.a.la.ility for Irriga.ion Development in Mba.a.i River Sub-Ca.chment Mbeya. Ta.za.ia

Journa. of Geoscience a.d environment Protection 2022年第4期10卷 1-14页

作者： Moses Ma.engo Gisla. e. Kifa.yi edmund Muta.oba.nyemo chila.a.e Depa.tment of Civil engineering College of Engineering and Technology Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania Depa.tment of Wa.er Supply a.d Irriga.ion engineering Water Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania Ta.za.ia.Resea.ch a.d Conserva.ion Orga.iza.ion Morogoro Tanzania

a.though Ta.za.ia.ha. a.la.ge la.d suita.le for irriga.ion development, only 4.2% of the a.a.le la.d which is potentia. for irriga.ion ha. been developed. Mba.a.i District is cha.a.terized by commercia. a.d sma.l-sca.e irriga.ion a.tivities for pa.dy production. Currently, surfa.e wa.er a.a.la.ility for irriga.ion in Mba.a.i District is dwindling due to high wa.er dema.ds. Ina.equa.e studies tha. estima.e wa.er a.a.la.ility for irriga.ion is one of the underlying fa.tors to the la.k of irriga.ion development in ma.y pa.ts of Ta.za.ia.including in Mba.a.i District. This study, therefore, a.med to model surfa.e wa.er a.a.la.ility for irriga.ion development in Mba.a.i River sub-ca.chment Mbeya. Ta.za.ia. The Soil a.d Wa.er a.a.ysis Tool (SWa.) model a.d field observa.ions were used to a.complish the study. The model estima.es tha. Mba.a.i River sub-ca.chment receives a.out 631 mm of tota. mea. precipita.ion a.nua.ly. a.out 53% of received precipita.ion is lost through eva.otra.spira.ion, 12% recha.ged to deep a.uifer a.d the rema.ning 35% discha.ged to the strea. flow through surfa.e runoff, la.era. flow a.d return flow from unconfined a.uifer. Discha.ge to the stea. flow contributes to the tota. a.nua. mea.s of river discha.ge ra.ging from 0 - 10 cubic meters per second a. upper ca.chment to 120 - 140 cubic meters per second a. lower ca.chment. The study recommends tha. the lower rea.h of the Mba.a.i River sub-ca.chment is potentia. for irriga.ion tha. the upper rea.h a. it ha. potentia. river flow tha. ca. support irriga.ion a.tivities. The study a.so notes the urgent need for wa.er rea.loca.ion pla. to meet competing wa.er needs in the lower rea.h of Mba.a.i River sub-ca.chment. Moreover, the study a.dresses the potentia.ity of irriga.ion in upper ca.chment under susta.na.le wa.er ma.a.ement pra.tices including exca.a.ion of sma.l ponds to ca.ture a.d store surfa.e runoff for dry sea.on use or to supplement irriga.ion a. the ra.nfa.l declines.

关键词： Irriga.ion Mba.a.i River Sub-Ca.chment Surfa.e Wa.er a.a.la.ility SWa.

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a.sessment of Clima.e Cha.ge’s Impa.ts on River Flows in the Songwe Sub-Ba.in

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Open Journa. of Modern Hydrology 2023年第2期13卷 141-164页

作者： Lupa.isyo G. Mwa.wiba.Gisla. e. Kifa.yi edmund Muta.oba.Julius M. Nda.buki nyemo chila.a.e College of engineering a.d Technology Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania Depa.tment of Irriga.ion a.d Wa.er Supply engineering Water Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania Tshwa.e University of Technology Pretoria South Africa Ta.za.ia.Resea.ch a.d Conserva.ion Orga.iza.ion Morogoro Tanzania

River flow in the Songwe sub-ba.in is predicted to a.ter due to clima.e cha.ge, which would ha.e a. impa.t on a.ua.ic ha.ita.s, infra.tructure, a.d people’s wa. of life. Therefore, the influence of clima.e cha.ge should be ta.en into a.count when ma.ing decisions a.out the susta.na.le ma.a.ement of wa.er resources in the sub-ba.in. This study looked into how river discha.ge would rea.t to clima.e cha.ge in the future. By contra.ting hydrologica. cha.a.teristics simula.ed under historica. clima.e (1981-2010) with projected clima.e (2011-2040, 2041-2070, a.d 2071-2100) under two emission scena.ios, the effects of clima.e cha.ge on river flow were eva.ua.ed (RCP 4.5 a.d RCP 8.5). The ensemble a.era.e of four CORDeX regiona. clima.e models wa. built to a.dress the issue of uncerta.nty introduced by the clima.e models. The SWa. model wa. force-ca.ibra.ed using the results from the genera.ed ensemble a.era.e for the RCP 4.5 a.d RCP 8.5 emission scena.ios in order to mimic the river flow during pa.t (1981-2010) a.d future (2011-2100) events. The increa.e in river flows for the Songwe sub-ba.in is predicted to be la.gest during the ra.ny sea.on by both the RCP 4.5 a.d RCP 8.5 scena.ios. Under RCP 8.5, the a.rupt decrea.e in river flow is a.ticipa.ed to rea.h its ma.imum in Ma.ch 2037, when the discha.ge will be 44.84 m3/sec, a.d in Ma.ch 2027, when the discha.ge will be 48 m3/sec. The extreme surge in river flow will pea., a.cording to the RCa., in Februa.y 2023, in a.ril 2083 under RCP 4.5, a.d, a.cording to the CCLM4 a.d RCa., in November 2027 a.d November 2046, respectively. The expected decrea.e a.d increa.e in river flow throughout both the dry a.d wet sea.ons ma. ha.e a. impa.t on the ma.a.ement of the sub-wa.er ba.in’s resources, biodiversity, a.d hydra.lic structures. The right a.a.ta.ions a.d mitiga.ion stra.egies should be a.opted in order to lessen the nega.ive consequences of clima.e cha.ge on precipita.ion, tempera.ure, a.d river flow in t

关键词： Clima.e Cha.ge Clima.e Models Songwe River Sub-Ba.in River Flow SWa.

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Ma.hema.ica. modeling of the na.ive Mexica. turkey’s growth

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Open Journa. of a.ima. Sciences 2013年第4期3卷 305-310页

作者： e. Pérez-La.a.M. a. Ca.a.ho-escoba. J. C. Ga.cía.López S. Ma.horro-Sa.a.o N. Y. ávila.Serra.o J. a.royo-Ledezma Cuerpo a.a.émico Ciencia. a.ropecua.ia. Universidad del Mar Campus Puerto Escondido Puerto Escondido México Independent Consulta.t Domicilio Conocido Bajos de Chila San Pedro Mixtepec Me Instituto de Industria. Universidad del Mar Campus Puerto Escondido Puerto Escondido Méxi Instituto de Investiga.ión de Zona. Desértica. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí Méxi

Little is known a.out the productive performa.ce of Mexica. turkey, so the objective of the present study wa. to cha.a.terize growth performa.ce curves of ba.kya.d turkey under a.confined system. Forty fertile eggs were a.tificia.ly incuba.ed a.d turkey weight wa. recorded a. ha.ch. During growth performa.ce weekly weight wa. mea.ured until 385 da.s of a.e. Turkey commercia. feed a.d wa.er were offered a. libitum. To cha.a.terize growth curves, a.fourth degree polynomia. model regression a.d a.Richa.ds biologica. model were used, which were compa.ed by determina.ion coefficient (r2), to rea.h the best fit model. The best fit model wa. the fourth degree polynomia. regression model from a.ma.hema.ica. sta.dpoint of view. It wa. found tha. ma.imum tom growth wa. rea.hed a. 15.7 weeks with a.weight ga.n of 259.3 g/week a.d in hens a. 12.4 weeks with a.weight ga.n of 112.0 g/week. Body weight rea.hed by toms a. 40 weeks wa. 6 kg a.d hens a. 35 weeks with 3.6 kg.

关键词： a.e to Sla.ghter Growth Curves Gua.olotes Ma.imum Weight Slow Growth Turkeys

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