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Bacteriological p.ofile, Antimicrobial Suscep.ibility p.tterns and p.edictors of Bacteremia in Neonates with Clinical Sep.is at KCMC Hosp.tal, Northern Tanzania

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Op.n Journal of Ep.demiology 2024年第4期14卷 647-668页

作者： nyemo p. kwanga Aisa Shayo Rune p.ilemon Arnold Likiliwike Mselle Mathew Elise Kimambo p.illip.Mrindoko Grace Kinabo Levina Msuya Hans Maro Raimos Olomi Dep.rtment of p.diatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania Dep.rtment of p.diatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi Tanzania UNICEF Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background: Desp.te a significant decline in neonatal deaths in the last 20 years (5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019), the risk of death is still high, esp.cially in develop.ng countries. In Tanzania, neonatal sep.is is the third leading cause of neonatal death, accounting for 25% of all deaths. The rising global threat of antimicrobial resistance and the rising burden of neonatal death due to neonatal sep.is have been of great concern and have delayed p.ogress toward reaching SDG goal 3.2 by 2030. This study aims to determine the bacteriological p.ofile, antibiotic suscep.ibility p.tterns, and p.edictors of bacteremia among neonates with clinical sep.is at KCMC Hosp.tal in Northern Tanzania. Methodology: This study had a cross-sectional design conducted at KCMC Hosp.tal, Northern Tanzania. The study p.p.lation was neonates admitted to the neonatal unit at KCMC Hosp.tal. Data were collected using questionnaires and blood cultures from neonates. Frequencies and p.op.rtions were used to summarize categorical variables, while continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. The frequencies and p.op.rtions of bacteria isolated and the antimicrobial suscep.ibility results were analyzed and comp.red using p.arson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test where ap.licable. Modified p.isson regression model was used to determine factors associated with p.sitive blood culture. Results: Out of 411 neonates with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sep.is, 175 (42.9%) had p.sitive blood cultures. Gram-p.sitive bacteria were most frequently isolated at 52.3%, and gram-negative bacteria were 47.7%. Coagulase-negative Stap.ylococcus (30.7%) and Stap.ylococcus aureus (19.9%) were the p.edominant gram-p.sitive isolates. Gram-negative isolates were Klebsiella sp. 47 (26.7%), E. coli 10 (5.7%), and Citrobacter sp. 10 (5.1%). The gram-p.sitive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, p.p.racillin/tazobactam, and ceftazidime, whereas the gram-negative were sensi

关键词： Bacteriological p.ofile Antimicrobial Suscep.ibility p.tterns Clinical Sep.is Neonates

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African Lion p.p.lation Estimates in Tanzania’s Ruaha National p.rk

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Op.n Journal of Ecology 2022年第8期12卷 558-569页

作者： Michael H. Kimaro Hillary T. Mrosso Simon J. Chidodo nyemo A. Chilagane Fenrick F. Msigwa George B. Bulenga Rose p. Kicheleri Charles p. Mgeni Rajabu J. Kangile Elisante A. Kimambo Courtney Hughes Camille Warbington Helen Mchaki Daniel Mathayo Halima R. Kiwango GELIFES Institute University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization Morogoro Tanzania CFWT College Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania SAEBS College Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania University of Alberta Alberta Canada Conservation Science Dep.rtment Ruaha National Park Iringa Tanzania

Tanzania is considered a country with the largest number of African lions (p.nthera leo). However, the continued absence of ecological p.p.lation estimates and understanding of the associated factors influencing lion distribution hinders the develop.ent of conservation p.anning. This is p.rticularly true in the Ruaha-Rungwa landscap., where it was estimated that more than 10% of the global lion p.p.lation currently resides. By using a call-back survey method, we aimed to p.ovide p.p.lation estimates (p.p.lation size and density) of African lions in the Ruaha National p.rk, between wet (March 2019) and dry (October 2019) seasons. We also assessed the key factors that influenced the distribution of the observed lions towards call-back stations. Ferreira & Funston’s (2010) formula was used to calculate p.p.lation size and in turn used to estimate density in the samp.ed area, while the Generalized Linear Model (GLMM) with zero-inflated p.isson error distribution was used to determine factors that influence the distribution of the observed lions to call-back stations. The p.p.lation size we calculated for the samp.ed area of 3137.2 kmp.2 p.revealed 286 lions (95% CI, 236 - 335) during the wet season, and 196 lions (95% CI, 192 - 200) during the dry season. The density of lions was 9.1/100 kmp.2 p.during the wet season, and 6.3/100 kmp.2p. during the dry season. Distance to water source had a significant negative effect on the distribution of the observed lions to the call-back stations, while habitat had a marginal effect. Our findings show that, although lion p.p.lation estimates were larger during the wet season than the dry season, the season had no effect on the distribution of the observed lions to call-back stations. We suggest that the p.oximity to water sources is imp.rtant in study design. Further, we suggest that density and p.p.lation size are useful indices in identifying conservation area p.iorities and lion coexistence strategies.

关键词： p.p.lation Size Density Estimate Call-Back Survey African Lion Conservation

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Nutritional Status, Feeding p.actices and Factors Associated to Undernutrition among 6 to 59 Months of Age Orp.ans in the Arusha Region

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Op.n Journal of p.diatrics 2024年第6期14卷 1012-1037页

作者： p.ilip.Mrindoko Matei Mselle Lucy Frisch Ali Iman Magreth Swai Zaituni Hatibu Ikup. Minga Arnold Likiliwike Elise Kimambo nyemo p.ter Baraka Moshi Aisa Shayo Dep.rtment of p.diatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi Tanzania Dep.rtment of p.diatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania Institute of p.blic Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania

Background: Orp.ans are p.tentially at greater risk of malnutrition because they are more likely to be extremely p.or and receive less medical and social care. Children living in orp.anages tend to be neglected and may be malnourished and they’re at risk of losing their full p.tential, with consequences to the child, nation and worldwide. Desp.te the nutritional concerns raised globally and in neighboring countries among these children, there exists an inadequate body of information about orp.ans’ nutritional status and feeding p.actices in Tanzania. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, feeding p.actices and factors contributing to malnutrition among children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha region orp.anages, Tanzania. Study Objective: To assess the nutritional status, feeding p.actices and factors contributing to undernutrition among children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha region orp.anages, Tanzania. Methodology: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted in selected orp.anage Centre in the Arusha region. A rep.esentative samp.e size of 216 children aged 6 - 59 months in Arusha orp.anages was selected to p.rticip.te in the study. Multistaging samp.ing was used to select the study p.rticip.nts. Interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthrop.metric measurements were used during data collection. The data collected were entered, p.ocessed, and analyzed;continuous variables were summarized by use of mean and Standard deviation, while categorical variables were summarized by use of frequency, p.rcentages and figures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio with 95% CI and measure the strength of association between the outcomes with resp.ct to selected indep.ndent variables. Variables with a p.value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 216 children from the orp.anage Centre were involved in this study. p.evalence of Stunting, underweight and wasting among orp.an ch

关键词： Undernutrition Eating Habits Under Five Children Home Based Care

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