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Dual Burden of Malnutrition among Primary School Children in Myanmar

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 115-123页

作者： Moh Moh Hlaing Mya Ohnamr Sandar Tun Thidar Khine Wah Wah win Su Su Hlaing Hla Phyo Linn Khin Hnin wint Phyu nyein nyein win Nutrition Research Division Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and Sports Yangon Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Background: The distribution of childhood nutritional diseases is shifting from a predominance of under nutrition to a dual burden of under-and over nutrition in low and middle income countries. Rapid economic development and urbanization lead to an increase in overweight and obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. The co-existence of under-and over nutrition is double burden and this is a public health challenge for community. Objective: To find out the nutritional status of primary school children. Method: The study was school based descriptive study and conducted during November 2014 to February 2015 in basic primary schools, basic middle schools and basic high schools in urban and rural area of Yangon, Mandalay, Taungyi and Mawlamyaing. A total of (2937) Grade IV and Grade V students were measured for weight, height and 592 students were measured for haemoglobin by standard equipment and standard procedure. Results: The overall prevalences

关键词： Dual Burden Malnutrition Primary School Children

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Researchers＇ Attitudes towards Varietal Development of Hybrid Rice： A Case Study in Myanmar

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Journal of Life Sciences 2018年第2期12卷 111-116页

作者： Naing Kyi win Kyaw Kyaw win Cho Cho San nyein nyein Htwe Yezin Agricultural University Zayarthiri Township Naypyitaw 15031 Myanmar

The purpose of this study was to identify the existing rice breeding programs in Myanmar and to determine researchers＇ attitudes on hybrid rice research mid its determinmlts. A sample consists of 56 researchers who are working in Department of Agricultural Research, Department of Agriculture and Yezin Agricultural University, and involving varietal development of hybrid rice. The research instruments were a questionnaire used by 4 points Likert scale of strongly agree, agree, less agree and not agree to measure on researchers＇ attitudes towards 14 determinants of varietal development of hybrid rice production. The study revealed that the average age of the researchers was 46.5 years ranged from 25 to 60 years. The majority of researchers were 51-60 years old （41.1%）. The working experience of researchers ranged from 5 to 36 years and the metal of their experience was 20 years. The educational level was Ph.D. （35.7%）, ***. （26.8%）, and ***. （37.5%）. Majority of researchers were female （76.8%） and 58.9% were rice breeders. Moreover, 48.2% of researchers obtained the hybrid rice technology from breeding training and the researchers who believed in their current breeding works were 51.8%. Among 33 rice breeders, 72.7% of the rice breeders applied only convention breeding method. In addition, researchers＇ opinions on farmer＇s perception of hybrid rice technology, 60.7% of the researchers agreed on inferior grain quality and 73.2% of researchers strongly agreed on not stable market. This study found out more thin1 half of the researchers strongly agreed on 10 out of 14 determinmlts such as poor infrastructure, low human resource development, parental problem, insufficient experience, limit germplasm resource, limit research facilities, no incentive for breeders, weak public-private partnership, fewer quality breeders and not enough research fund. Moreover, half of the researchers agreed on 3 determinants likely need special technical training, need international

关键词： Researchers' attitudes hybrid rice varietal development determinants.

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Tradeoffbetween Narrowing Optical Band Gap and Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of the Metal Nanoparticles-Modified Titanium Oxide Films

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2015年第3期5卷 220-225页

作者： Aung Chan Thar Thaung Hlaing win nyein wint Lwin Than Zaw Oo Department of Physics University of Mandalay Mandalay 100103 Myanmar Department of Physics Yadanabon University Mandalay 100103 Myanmar

The n-type semiconducting titanium oxide thin films are well-known as electron transporting interlayer in photovoltaic cells. The favorable characteristics of interlayers in photovoltaics are high optical transmittance （T%）, wide band gap energy （Eg） and high electrical conductivity （σ）. Modifying titanium oxide films with metal nanoparticles would increase electrical conductivity but reduce optical band gap energy. We developed the sol-gel derived titanium suboxide （TiOx） films modified with silver （Ag） or gold （Au） or copper （Cu） nanoparticles （NPs）. This study explores a tradeoff between narrowing optical band gap and enhancing electrical conductivity of nanostructured TiOx films by controlling the Au- or Ag- or Cu-NPs loading concentrations （mol%） in titania. The Au- and Cu-NPs loading concentration of 4 mol% should meet a tradeoff which yields the higher T%, wider Eg and higher compared to those of pure TiOx films. In addition, since the pure Cu is not thermodynamically stable in ambience as compared to Au and Ag, the stability of as-obtained colloidal CuNPs is also examined. A careful examination of the time evolution of surface plasmon resonance （SPR） bands of CuNPs indicates that their stability is only up to 4 h.

关键词： Titanium suboxide metal nanoparticles electrical conductivity band gap energy.

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Analyzing the Roles of Agricultural Extension Agents in Hybrid Rice Technology Decision-Making Process of Farmers

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Economics World 2018年第4期6卷 303-313页

作者： Naing Kyi win Kyaw Kyaw win Cho Cho San nyein nyein Htwe Yezin Agricultural University Zeyarthiri TownshipNay Pyi TawMyanmar

The study determined the roles of agricultural extension in hybrid rice technology decision-making process by extension agents,Nay Pyi Taw,*** specific objectives were:to study personal characteristics of agricultural extension agents,experiences and their roles,to identify extension agents’opinion on hybrid rice technology decision-making process,and to determine relationship between the roles of agricultural extension agents and decision-making process of hybrid rice *** hundred and eight extension agents were collected who were working in Department of Agriculture,Nay Pyi Taw area and surveyed and interviewed by *** study revealed that majority of agricultural extension agents(65.7%)were female staffs and most of extension agents(40.7%)were under 30 years as young *** of extension agents(81.5%)were educated only *** than half(54.6%)had one to five-year experiences in employment and 58.3%had no hybrid rice training experience and source of information regarding the hybrid rice production was received 63.9%from Department of Agriculture(DOA).Study found that there was highly significant relationship between most of the roles of agricultural extension agents and hybrid rice technology decision-making process of stages 4 and *** then most of the extension agents’roles singnificantly related with stage 2 except role of conducting introduction of hybrid seeds and distribution through by Seed *** which was highly ***,most of the roles of extension agents significantly related with stage *** stages 1 and 6 were no singnificantly *** above all,a well structure seed business,Good Agricultural Practices and farm level mechanization and quality extension service are very important to increase the adoption of hybrid rice in Myanmar.

关键词： agricultural extension agents’roles hybrid rice decision-making process

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