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Tamper Detection and Localization for Quranic Text Watermarking Scheme Based on Hybrid Technique

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 77-102页

作者： Ali A.R.Alkhafaji Nilam Nur Amir Sjarif M.A.Shahidan nurulhuda firdaus mohd azmi Haslina Md Sarkan Suriayati Chuprat Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics University Teknologi MalaysiaKuala Lumpur54000Malaysia

The text of the Quran is principally dependent on the Arabic ***,improving the security and reliability of the Quran’s text when it is exchanged via internet networks has become one of the most difcult challenges that researchers face ***,the diacritical marks in the Holy Quran which represent Arabic vowels(i,j.s)known as the kashida(or“extended letters”)must be protected from *** cover text of the Quran and its watermarked text are different due to the low values of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR),and Normalized Cross-Correlation(NCC);thus,the location for tamper detection accuracy is *** gap addressed in this paper to improve the security of Arabic text in the Holy Quran by using vowels with *** enhance the watermarking scheme of the text of the Quran based on hybrid techniques(XOR and queuing techniques)of the purposed *** methodology propose scheme consists of four phases:The rst phase is *** is followed by the second phase where an embedding process takes place to hide the data after the vowel letters wherein if the secret bit is“1”,it inserts the kashida but does not insert the kashida if the bit is“0”.The third phase is an extraction process and the last phase is to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme by using PSNR(for the imperceptibility),and NCC(for the security of the watermarking).Experiments were performed on three datasets of varying lengths under multiple random locations of insertion,reorder and deletion *** experimental results were revealed the improvement of the NCC by 1.76%,PSNR by 9.6%compared to available current schemes.

关键词： Text watermarking tamper detection authentication quranic text exclusive-or operation queuing technique

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Payload Capacity Scheme for Quran Text Watermarking Based on Vowels with Kashida

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3865-3885页

作者： Ali A.R.Alkhafaji Nilam Nur Amir Sjarif M.A Shahidan nurulhuda firdaus mohd azmi Haslina Md Sarkan Suriayati Chuprat Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf Ehab Nabiel Al-Khanak Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics University Teknologi MalaysiaKuala Lumpur54000Malaysia Al-Nahrain University Al-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy Research CentreBaghdadIraq Department of Transport and Planning Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences(CiTG)Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands

The most sensitive Arabic text available online is the digital Holy *** sacred Islamic religious book is recited by all Muslims worldwide including non-Arabs as part of their worship ***,it should be protected from any kind of tampering to keep its invaluable meaning *** characteristics of Arabic letters like the vowels(),Kashida(extended letters),and other symbols in the Holy Quran must be secured from *** cover text of the Quran and its watermarked text are different due to the low values of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR)and Embedding Ratio(ER).A watermarking technique with enhanced attributes must,therefore,be designed for the Quran’s text using Arabic vowels with *** gap addressed by this paper is to improve the security of Arabic text in the Holy Quran by using vowels with *** purpose of this paper is to enhance the Quran text watermarking scheme based on a reversing *** methodology consists of four phases:The first phase is a pre-processing followed by the second phase-the embedding process phase—which will hide the data after the *** is,if the secret bit is“1”,then the kashida is inserted;however,the kashida is not inserted if the bit is“0”.The third phase is the extraction process and the last phase is to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme by using PSNR(for the imperceptibility)and ER(for the capacity).The experimental results show that the proposed method of imperceptibility insertion is also optimized with the help of a reversing *** proposed strategy obtains a 90.5%***,the proposed algorithm attained 66.1%which is referred to as imperceptibility.

关键词： Quran text watermarking Arabic text capacity imperceptibility Kashida vowels reversing technique

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Aerobic Degradation Process in Palm Oil Mill— Issues, Challenges and Upsurging Its Efficiency through Bioremediation

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第7期14卷 515-530页

作者： Ili Bazilah Abd Razak Nor Hidayah Bohari Elya Masya mohd Fishal Nurul Lina Mohamad Muhamad Nurfikri azmi Muhammad firdaus Fahmi mohd Razali Hamdan Ibrahim Crop Protection and Biosolution Department FGV R&D Sdn Bhd Lengkuk Teknologi Bandar Enstek Negeri Sembilan Malaysia Feed and Industrial Technology FGV Applied Technologies Sdn Bhd Lengkuk Teknologi Bandar Enstek Negeri Sembilan Malaysia

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is liquid waste produced from palm oil extraction process. Discharging it to the river without treatment is violation according to Malaysia Environment of Quality Act (EQA) 1974. In Malaysia, ponding system is a conventional treatment method for POME due to its economical and simple process. The treatment process mainly involves two main treatment phases;anaerobic and aerobic degradation. Anaerobic degradation has a proven track record in reducing pollutant properties in POME up to 85%. The real challenge is to increase the efficiency of aerobic process as the biological oxygen demand (BOD) discharge limit has been further reduced from 100 mg·L-1 to less than 20 mg·L-1. One of economical and feasible approach to increase the efficiency of aerobic phase is via bioremediation. This paper describes the limitation of aerobic degradation in ponding system, besides discussed on the important aspects that need to be optimized for a success implementation of bioremediation and its challenges.

关键词： Aerobic Anaerobic Bioremediation Biological Oxygen Demand Palm Oil Mill Effluent

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