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Comparison between bioartificial and artificial liver for the treatment of acute liver failure in pigs

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第46期12卷 7503-7507页

作者： Yasushi Kawazoe Susumu Eguchi nozomu sugiyama Yukio Kamohara Hikaru Fujioka Takashi Kanematsu Department of Transplantation and Digestive Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 1-7-1 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8501 Japan

AIM： To characterize and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of bioartificial liver （BAL） as compared to that of continuous hemodiafiltration （CHDF） with plasma exchange （PE）, which is the current standard therapy for fulminant hepatic failure （FHF） in Japan. METHODS： Pigs with hepatic devascularization were divided into three groups：（1） a non-treatment group （NT; n = 4）; （2） a BAL treatment group （BAL; n = 4）, （3） a PE ＋ CHDF treatment group using 1.5 L of normal porcine plasma with CHDF （PE ＋ CHDF, n -- 4）. Our BAL system consisted of a hollow fiber module with 0.2 i^m pores and 1 × 10^10 of microcarrier-attached hepatocytes inoculated into the extra-fiber space. Each treatment was initiated 4 h after hepatic devascularization. RESULTS： The pigs in the BAL and the PE ＋ CHDF groups survived longer than those in the NT group. The elimination capacity of blood ammonia by both BAL and PE ＋ CHDF was significantly higher than that in NT. Aromatic amino acids （AAA） were selectively eliminated by BAL, whereas both AAA and branched chain amino acids, which are beneficial for life, were eliminated by PE ＋ CHDF. Electrolytes maintenance and acid-base balance were better in the CPE ＋ CHDF group than that in the BAL group. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that PE ＋ CHDF eliminate all factors regardless of benefits, whereas BAL selectively metabolizes toxic factors such as AAA. However since PE ＋ CHDF maintain electrolytes and acid-base balance, a combination therapy of BAL plus CPE ＋ CHDF might be more effective for FHF.

关键词： Bioartificial liver Artificial liver Continuous hemodiafiltration Hepatocytes Acute liver failure,Continuous plasma exchange

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Spray,droplet evaporation,combustion,and emission characteristics of future transport fuels for compression-ignition engines:A review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 575-613页

作者： Leang So Khuong nozomu Hashimoto Osamu Fujita Division of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty of EngineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8628Japan Faculty of Automotive Engineering National Polytechnic Institute of CambodiaPhnom Penh 120901Cambodia

This review examines the potential of hydrogen,ammonia,and biodiesel as alternative fuels,focusing on spray dynamics,droplet evaporation,combustion,and *** offers superior combustion characteristics but faces challenges in NO_(x)*** like nonpremixed direct injection,increased intake boost pressure,and low-pressure EGR are suggested for robust hydrogen combustion in compression-ignition *** of hydrogen start of injection(SOI)and water injection(WI)are identified as effective techniques for reducing NO_(x)*** shows inferior combustion and higher NO_(x)and unburned NH_(3)emissions in the same conditions as conventional fuels with conventional *** ammonia spray and evaporation conditions is significant for optimizing an ammonia-air mixture and minimizing wall impingement and ammonia trap in the crevice,thereby improving combustion and emission *** intake pressure,injection pressure,and EGR rate,employing a turbulent jet,and preheating ammonia improve efficiency and reduce NO_(x)*** ammonia combustion requires the implementation of after-treatment systems such as NH_(3)adsorber and De NO_(x)catalysts to mitigate unburned NH_(3)and NO_(x)*** affects the fuel supply system,combustion,and emission characteristics according to its viscosity and *** injection pressure and blending with volatile fuels enhance spray and *** biodiesel preheating temperatures for the injection pump and injector are crucial for achieving the best pump capacity and spray *** utilizing biodiesel-PODE blends and investigating low-temperature biodiesel combustions,there is potential to improve thermal efficiency and PMNO_(x)***,carbon-neutral fuel adoption should be accelerated to mitigate CO_(2)emissions,highlighting the importance of combustion techniques and emissions reduction strategies.

关键词： Carbon-neutral fuels Spray formation Droplet evaporation Injection strategies Combustion efficiency Emission reduction

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Microscopic Analyses of Insoluble Particles in an Ice Core of ürümqi Glacier No. 1: Quantification of Mineral and Organic Particles

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第4期22卷 431-440页

作者： nozomu Takeuchi Yoriko Ishida 李忠勤 Department of Earth Sciences Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba 263-8552 Japan State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tien Shan Glaciological Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Geography and Environment Sciences Northwest Normal University

Insoluble particle concentration in ice cores is commonly analyzed as a proxy for varia- tions in atmospheric mineral dust （aerosol concentration）. However, recent studies have revealed that the mineral dust is not only a constituent of the particles but that biogenic organic particles are also contained. We microscopically analyzed insoluble particles in a shallow ice core drilled on a mountain glacier, the Urumqi Glacier No. 1, in eastern Tienshan, China. We distinguished different morphological particles in the ice core and quantified them separately. Results showed that the insoluble particles in this ice core consisted mainly of mineral particles, amorphous organic particles, pollen, and micro- organisms. Mineral particles were the most dominant, accounting for approximately 67% of total par- ticles, and amorphous organic particles were the second most dominant, accounting for approximately 33% of the total. The annual variation in the particles for the last 11 years differed between mineral and amorphous organic particles. The results suggest that the total insoluble particle concentration in the ice core reflects not only the atmospheric mineral dust but also the organic particles blown from ground soil or produced by microbes on the glacial surface.

关键词： ice core insoluble particle mineral dust microbes organic particles.

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FLAIR in Gd-EOB-DTPA Enhanced MRI: Does It Make a Difference?

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Open Journal of Radiology 2017年第2期7卷 130-142页

作者： Makoto Hasegawa Miki sugiyama nozomu Murata Masashi Nagamoto Tatsuya Gomi Department of Radiology Toho University Ohashi Medical Center Tokyo Japan

Background: Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA;gadoxetic acid disodium, Primovist, Bayer Healthcare, Berlin, Germany) is a gadolinium based contrast agent with hepatocyte specific properties. In patients scanned for hepatic metastasis using Gd-EOB-DTPA, it is important to differentiate hepatic metastasis with cysts and hemangiomas, which are the two most common benign lesions seen in the liver. Yet, in some cases it is difficult to differentiate these lesions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the usefulness of combining Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) with Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI. Material and Methods: Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRIs of 47 patients (19 male, 27 female) with a mean age of 68 years (range 32 - 85 years old) with a total of 121 lesions (68 cysts, 37 metastasis, 16 hemangiomas) were included in the study. T1WI, T2WI, heavy T2WI, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, and FLAIR images of these lesions were evaluated. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (Groups A and B), and two independent radiologists were asked to give a diagnosis for each lesion. The radiologists were allowed to view FLAIR images for only Group B. Diagnostic performance regarding the differentiation of cysts, hemangiomas and metastases was assessed. MRI examinations were scanned using a 1.5 Tesla system (Echlon Vega, Hitachi,) with an 8 channel multiple array coil (RAPID body coil). Results: An statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) of the specificity for cysts was seen from 71.9% (Group A) to 90.9% (Group B) for Reader 1, and 75.0% (Group A) to 93.3% (Group B) for Reader 2. No statistical differences were seen between the two groups for sensitivity and specificity of hemangiomas. Although no statistical difference was seen between the two groups, an improvement (77.8 in Group A to 97.2 in Group B for Reader 1, and 85.7 in Group A to 100 in Group B for Reader 2) was seen for the sensitiv

关键词： MRI Abdomen Liver Imaging EOB FLAIR Heavy T2WI Metastasis Hemangioma Cyst

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A New Approach for Error Reduction in the Volume Penalization Method

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第10期16卷 1181-1200页

作者： Wakana Iwakami Yuzuru Yatagai nozomu Hatakeyama Yuji Hattori Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto UniversityOiwake-choKitashirakawaSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8502Japan. Advanced Research Institute for Science&Engineering Waseda University3-4-1 OkuboShinjukuTokyo 169-8555Japan. Department of Applied Information Sciences Graduate School of Information SciencesTohoku University6-3-09 AobaAramaki-azaAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8579Japan. NICHe Tohoku University6-6-10 AobaAramaki-azaAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8579Japan. Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University2-1-1 KatahiraAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi980-8577Japan.

A new approach for reducing error of the volume penalization method is *** mask function is modified by shifting the interface between solid and fluid by√νηtoward the fluid region,whereνandηare the viscosity and the permeability,*** shift length√νηis derived from the analytical solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation with a penalization *** effect of the error reduction is verified numerically for the one-dimensional diffusion equation,Burgers’equation,and the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes *** results show that the numerical error is reduced except in the vicinity of the interface showing overall second-order accuracy,while it converges to a non-zero constant value as the number of grid points increases for the original mask ***,the new approach is effective when the grid resolution is sufficiently high so that the boundary layer,whose width is proportional to√νη,is ***,the approach should be used when an appropriate combination ofνandηis chosen with a given numerical grid.

关键词： Volume penalization method immersed boundary method compact scheme error reduction.

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Improved method of plasma 8-Isoprostane measurement and association analyses with habitual drinking and smoking

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5846-5852页

作者： Soichi Kitano Hisashi Hisatomi nozomu Hibi Katsumi Kawano Shoji Harada Technology Development Department SRL Inc. Hachioji Tokyo Japan Center for Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics SRL Inc. Hino Tokyo Japan

AIM: To develop a simple and accurate method for quantifying 8-isoprostane in plasma by employing a combination of two-step solid-phase extraction of samples and a commercially available ELISA kit, and by this method to examine the effects of drinking and smoking habits against the levels of plasma 8-isoprostane in healthy Japanese ***: Plasma 8-isoprostane was extracted with ODS gel suspension followed by NH2 Sep-Pak column. The 8-isoprostane fractions were assayed using a commercially available ELISA kit. We measured plasma 8-isoprostane levels in 157 healthy Japanese volunteers divided into three groups (64 non-habitual drinkers, 56 moderate drinkers and 37 habitual drinkers) according to their alcohol consumption per week. Genotypes of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were also determined to investigate the plasma 8-isoprostane levels with reference to drinking habits. In addition, the plasma 8-isoprostane levels of 96 non-smokers and 61 smokers from the same subjects were ***: Our method fulfilled all the requirements for use in routine clinical assays with respect to sensitivity, intra- and inter-assay reproducibility, accuracy and dynamic assay range. Significant increases of plasma 8-isoprostane levels were observed in female habitual drinkers when compared with those of non-habitual drinkers (t = 5.494, P < 0.0001) as well as moderate drinkers (t = 3.542, P < 0.005), and 8-isoprostane levels were also significantly different between ALDH2*2/1 and ALDH2*1/1 in the female habitual drinkers (t = 6.930, P < 0.0001), suggesting that excessive drinking of alcohol may increase oxidization stress, especially in females. On the contrary, no significant difference of the plasma 8-isoprostane levels was observed between non-smokers and ***: Our present method was proved to be a simple and accurate tool for measuring plasma 8-isoprostane. However, the clinical utility of plasma 8-isoprostane for drinking and smoking habits was

关键词： 8-Isoprostane ELISA Lipid peroxidation Drinking Smoking

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Development of Mental Health Literacy Scale for Depression Affecting the Help-Seeking Process in Health Professional Students

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2021年第3期23卷 331-352页

作者： Soshi Kodama Koichi Shido nozomu Ikeda School of Rehabilitation Sciences Health Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaido061-0293Japan School of Nursing and Social Services Health Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaido061-0293Japan School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical UniversityHokkaido060-8556Japan

Despite depression being a global mental health disorder,many people with depression do not seek psychiatric *** particular,it has been reported that only 15.7%of medical students seek treatment.A longer duration of untreated illness(DUI)leads to clinically poor *** shorten the DUI,the mental health literacy(MHL)with regard to depression needs to be improved,although it is unclear which MHL components will improve the help-seeking ***,the existing MHL scale for depression is poorly validated for structural ***,the purpose of this study was to develop an MHL scale for depression with verified reliability and validity(particularly structural validity)and verify its relationship with the help-seeking *** this purpose,we adapted the mixed research ***,we conducted a systematic literature review on MHL scales for depression to prepare a draft scale with content ***,we conducted semi-structured interviews on MHL with outpatients with ***,78 questions on MHL for depression were ***,to develop our scale,we verified the reliability and validity of these questions with 782 health professional *** sample size was 780 and data collection was performed by collective survey *** was conducted in 2018 in *** verify the factor structure,exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were *** also examined the internal consistency,test-retest reliability,and criterion-related *** exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure(recognition of depression symptoms,helpseeking preferences,and depression onset possibility)with 10 *** to the confirmatory factor analysis results,the goodness of fit indicators had a good *** internal consistency,test-retest reliability,and criterion-related validity had good ***,the relationship between the MHL of depression and other factors affecting the help-seeking process was

关键词： Depression health literacy psychometrics secondary prevention

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Surface mass balance on Glacier No. 31 in the Suntar–Khayata Range, eastern Siberia, from 1951 to 2014

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第3期14卷 501-512页

作者： ZHANG Yong ENOMOTO Hiroyuki OHATA Tetsuo KADOTA Tsutomu SHIRAKAWA Tatsuo TAKEUCHI nozomu Arctic Environment Research Center National Institute of Polar ResearchTokyo 190-8518Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Tokyo 190-8518Japan Japan Agency for Marin-Earth Science and Technology Yokohama 237-0061Japan Kitami Institute of Technology Kitami 090-8507Japan Department of Earth Sciences Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChiba 263-8522Japan

This study presents a 64-year （1951-2014） reconstruction of the surface mass balance of Glacier No. 31, located in the Suntar-Khayata Range of the eastern Siberia, where the ablation zone is characterized by the extensive dark ice surface. We use a temperature index-based glacier mass-balance model, which computes all major components of glacier mass budget and is forced by daily air temperature and precipitation from a nearby meteorological station. The glacier shows a mean annual mass balance of -0.35 m w.e.a-1 during the past 64 years, with an acceleration of -0.50 m w.e. a^-1 during the recent years. A cumulative mass loss of the glacier is -22.3 m w.e. over the study period, about 56% of which is observed during 1991-2014. In addition to the contribution of temperature rise and precipitation decrease to recent mass loss of the glacier, an experimental analysis, in which the clean and dark ice surfaces are respectively assumed to cover the entire ablation zone, indicates that dark ice surface, caused by insoluble impurities consisting of mineral dusts, eryoconite granules, and ice algae, plays a crucial role in the changing mass balance through enhancing melt rates in the ablation zone of the glacier.

关键词： Mass balance Dark ice surface GlacierNo. 31 Suntar-Khayata Range Siberia

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Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells promotes axonal regeneration in a rat model of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第9期5卷 651-656页

作者： Xichuan Teng nozomu Yoshioka Junko Kimura-Kuroda Koki Kawamura HitoshiKawano Hongpeng Li Department of Developmental Morphology Tokyo Metropofitan Institute for Neuroscience Fuchu 183-8526 Japan Department of Pathology Medical College Eastern Liaoning University Dandong 118000 Liaoning Province China Department of Human Anatomy College of Basic Medical Sciences China Medical University Shenyang 110001 Liaoning Province China

BACKGROUND：Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells （OECs） into the injured spinal cord has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and functional ***,the mechanisms underlying the effects of OEC transplantation remain ***：To observe fibrotic scar formation and axonal regeneration in the damaged spinal cord following OEC transplantation,and to determine whether OEC transplantation promotes neural regeneration by attenuating fibrotic scar ***,TIME AND SETTING：A randomized,controlled animal experiment was performed at the Department of Developmental Morphology,Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience,Fuchu,Japan and at the Department of Human Anatomy,College of Basic Medical Sciences,China Medical University,China between April 2007 and May ***：OECs were obtained from olfactory nerves and olfactory bulbs of male,4-week-old,Sprague Dawley *** anti-serotonin polyclonal antibody,rabbit anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide polyclonal antibody,rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein polyclonal antibody,rabbit anti-type IV collagen polyclonal antibody,and mouse anti-rat endothelial cell antigen-1 monoclonal antibody were ***：Male,Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups：sham-surgery （n = 3）,surgery （n = 9）,and OEC transplantation （n = 11）.Spinal cord transection at the T9-10 level was performed and the rats were transplanted with a 2-μL （1 × 105 cells） cell *** OUTCOME MEASURES：Formation of glial and fibrotic scars was examined using immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and type IV ***-positive and calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive axons were visualized by immunohistochemistry,*** immunofluorescence for type IV collagen and rat endothelial cell antigen-1 was also performed to determine co-localization of type IV collagen deposition and blood ***：At 1 week after spinal cord

关键词： fibrotic scar olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation spinal cord injury neural regeneration rats

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Heavy Metal-Polluted Aerosols Collected at a Rural Site,Northwest China

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第3期28卷 535-544页

作者： Xiaoyu Zhang Zhongqin Li nozomu Takeuchi Feiteng Wang Shengjie Wang Xiaoni You Ping Zhou State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research InstituteTianshan Glaciological StationChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Department of Earth Sciences Graduate School of ScieneeChiba UniversityChiba 263-8522Japan College of Geography and Environment Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730000China Tianshui Normal University Tianshui 741001China

Daily samples of aerosol（n=27） were collected from September 21 st to October 4th, 2013 in Fukang（44.17°N, 88.45°E, 475 m a.s.l.）, Xinjiang, Northwest China. The enrichment factors（EFc） of selected 49 elements showed that the aerosols had extremely high concentrations of heavy metals, probably indicating their anthropogenic origins. Morphology of individual aerosol particles was determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Based on morphology and elemental composition, the particles were clustered into three dominant types：（Ⅰ） crustal originated particles： Si/Al-rich particles（36%） and Si/Fe-rich particles（24%）;（Ⅱ） mixed source particles; and（Ⅲ） pollution derived particles： Pb-rich particles（10%）. The backward trajectories were calculated using the HYSPLIT model, and the results indicated the different anthropogenic sources for heavy metals in Fukang aerosols. Air mass from north was identified as the most polluted source when compared to south and west.

关键词： heavy metal pollution aerosols Central Asia

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