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The Sources of Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African IDB Member Countries

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Management Studies 2017年第1期5卷 17-24页

作者： nosratollah Nafar Islamic Development Bank Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The economic growth in Sub-Sahara African （SSA） IDB member countries has been encouraging over the last decade; however, it is still not high enough to enable these countries to overcome the persistent poverty. There is thus a need to raise substantially real GDP growth rates on a sustained basis, both through the productivity channel and factor accumulation such as labor and capital. This study focuses on ＂the source of economic growth in SSA IDB member countries＂ with the objective of identifying the main driving factors of economic growth in the region using the growth accounting framework and extending the existing analysis both by country and time coverage. The paper is expected to be useful for the policymakers in the region to have a clear picture on the main sources of growth, and thus help them in identifying strategic reform areas of intervention in line with the most binding factors of growth. The data used in this study cover 20 Sub-Sahara African countries covering the period 1990-2012. The data set includes real GDP, labor force, and capital stock. The source of data is the various version of the World Economic Outlook, IMF. Capital stock is estimated using perpetual inventory method and the base year is 1970. In estimating growth accounting model, a translog production function is applied using panel data and random effects model. Empirical results show that the capital accumulation is the most important individual factor in GDP growth （52%） followed by workforce accumulation （39%） while total factor productivity （TFP） accounts for meagre 8%. This suggests that, on average, real GDP growth in Sub-Sahara African countries was driven primarily by factor accumulation with a low level of TFP. In addition, the elasticity of labor was lower than that of capital indicating that the labor played very little role in GDP growth most likely due to unskilled labor force or mismatch of labor skills with the production process. Furthermore, this also adversely affe

关键词： sustainable economic growth total factor productivity factor accumulation translog productionfunction perpetual inventory method random effects model

Wool characteristics of crossbred Baghdadi wild ram and Iran native sheep

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 184-186页

作者： nosratollah Taherpour Farhad Mirzaei Animal Science Research Institute of Iran Karaj Iran

Twenty mid side wool samples of crossbred sheep were collected and their characteristics were determined. Data analyzed by SAS software and Duncan’s multiple range tests was used for comparison of mean wool characteristics. Average fleece weight, yield, wool diameter, Fine fiber and staple length were: 431.59 ± 38.95 gr, 65.14%, 14.24 ± 0.67 μm, 48.67 ± 5.59, and 43.65 ± 4.15 mm respectively. Mean fleece weight was significantly affected (p 1 and F2 generation 11.84 ± 0.58, 16.27 ± 0.72 μm respectively. There were effective differences among ages (12.55 ± 0.74, 14.47 ± 0.58 and 13.11 ± 0.64 μm for 1, 2 and 3 yr old respectively). Wool diameter of younger animals, males and F1 was so fine (12.55, 12.87 and 11.84 μm respectively). Staple length of F2 crosses was significantly longer than F1 crosses (p 1 was significantly finer than F2, but length and down fiber percentage was less than second generation. As wild sheep shed his fiber in winter, the first filial crosses also shed their fibers from the end of winter to early spring. Shedding was seldom observed in F2 generations. It seems likely that wool from crossbred sheep could be used for those applications for which cashmere is suitable. This study indicates that, such crossbred sheep have a superfine wool and could be used in pure or blend for textile industry.

关键词： Wool Characteristics Farahani Sheep Crossbreeding Superfine Wool Wild Sheep Carpet Wool

Evaluation certain environment factors on wool characteristics of Arabi sheep breeds

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2012年第1期2卷 11-14页

作者： nosratollah Taherpour Mahnaz Salehi Farhad Mirzaei 不详

Evaluation and grading of wool based on sex and age can help to improve economic value of wool. This study was conducted to investigate the wool production and fleece characteristics of Arabi sheep in Khuzestan province The right mid-side wool samples were taken from 90 Arabi sheep (1 - 4 years;16 male and 74 female) by hand shearing. The staple length of shoulder, flank and rump were 13.18 ± 0.27, 13.31 ± 0.22 and 14.27 ± 0.25 cm, respectively. The greasy fleece weight, wool wax, vegetable matter, yield percentage, fiber diameter and its coefficient variation measures were 1.72 ± 0.06 Kg;2.77% ± 0.12%;0.54% ± 0.07%;73.36% ± 0.68%;30 ± 0.41 μm;30.23% ± 0.3% respectively. Correspondingly, the medulated fibers, true wool fiber and Kemp fibers were 21.6% ± 1.9%, 76.1% ± 2.04% and 2.5% ± 0.57% respectively. Age and sex had a significant influence on staple lengths. Fleece weight (P < 0.01) and wool wax were (P < 0.05) affected by sex. There was no significant interaction between age and sex groups for fiber characteristics, but it was important for staple between body location (P < 0.05). There were a low considerable kemp and CV of wool diameter percentage on Arabi sheep in comparison with the other Iranian native sheep. The wide variation in fleece weight (0.8 - 3.9 kg);mean staple lengths (8.8 - 19.2 cm);medulated and kemp (0 - 84.04 and 0% - 30.22%);fiber diameter (24.9 - 37.43 μm) suggest potential for improvement of economical traits.

关键词： Wool Fleece Characteristics Arabi Sheep

Life form and geographical distribution of plants in Posthband region,Khonj,Fars Province,Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第2期21卷 201-206,I0006页

作者： Gholamhosein Moradi Mohammad Reza Marvie Mohadjer Ghavamodin Zahedi Amiri Anoushirvan Shirvany nosratollah Zargham Department of Forestry University of Tehran

A study was conducted to identify plant species,diversity,life form and relevant species to Mediterranean climate,Irano-Torunian and Sahara-Sindian in Postband region（N 27°58＇4＂-28°2＇16＂,E 53°17＇34＂-53°22＇30＂）.In total,95 species belonging to 29 families and 69 genera of flora were surveyed and identified from December 2006 to June *** and Gramineae were important families in terms of species *** to Raunkiaer＇s system and using X^2 tests,the life-form spectrum showed that therophytes accounted for 47% of all species,and hemicryptophytes for 31%,phanerophytes for 12%,chamaeophyte for 7%,and cryptophytes for 3%.In geographical distribution,29% species with the most frequency belonged to Irano-Torunian *** show that therophytes were more than normal spectrum and phaneropytes were less than normal spectrum,which was in agreement with data obtained in arid climate.

关键词： geographical distribution life form Khalije-omani forest Flora Posthband

Studies of the Relationship between Structure and Antioxidant Activity in Interesting Systems, Including Tyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives Indicated by Quantum Chemical Calculations

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Soft 2013年第3期2卷 13-18页

作者： Rogaie Rezaei-Sadabady nosratollah Zarghami Abolfazl Barzegar Akram Eidi Abolfazl Akbarzadeh Mustafa Rezaei-Tavirani Department of Biology Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Clinical Faculty of Sciences Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS) University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran

In nature, tyrosol (TY) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are found in olive leaves which are for medical aims, with immune stimulant and antibiotic properties as well as the ability to be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer. This ability of phytochemical TY and HT compounds are mainly believed to be of higher radical scavenging potential with effective antioxidant properties. In order to establish the possible structure-antioxidant activity relationship of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate and two designed hydroxytyrosol derivatives were studied by the help of quantum chemical calculations. The molecular electronic properties such as heat formation of the neutral, radical and orbitals energies were calculated as descriptors to predict the H atom donating abilities of compounds. Considering the results from the calculated descriptors, the derivatives having OH group substitutions in position number four of the aromatic ring can be classified highly active and better antioxidant compound. Therefore, the designed hydroxytyrosol derivatives showed most active feasible H atom donation. This work can be useful to design novel antioxidants.

关键词： Antioxidant Free Radical Hydroxytyrosol

Adiponectin Can Affect ER Signaling in Obese Breast Cancer Patients

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第1期3卷 115-121页

作者： Rana Jahanban Esfahlan nosratollah Zarghami Samira Valiyari Hamed Farshbaf Kamel Maryam Daneshvar Ali Jahanban Esfahlan Majid Mobasseri Kazem Nejati-Koshki Drug Applied Research Center Radio Pharmacy Lab Tabriz Iran

Background: While the various antitumororal activities of adiponectin as an adipocyte-derived hormone well studied, it is speculated that there is a crosstalk between adiponectin and esterogen receptor (ER) signaling. To test this hypothesis we evaluate the possible correlation between serum level of adiponectin with two estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) gene expression in breast cancer patients. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 women with breast cancer participated with different grades of obesity (36 none obese, BMI 2 and 34 obese, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).The mean age of Participants was 44.53 yr ± 1.79 yr (21 yr - 70 yr) .Serum level of adiponectin determined by ELISA. Following quantitative expression of estrogen receptors mRNA in tumor tissues was evaluated by Real-time PCR. Results: We find a significant reverse correlation between serum level of Adiponectin and ERα mRNA (r = –0.229, n = 64, p = 0.035) but no correlation was between adiponectin and ERβ in samples (p = 0.228). The lower adiponectin multiplied the odds of having higher ERα mRNA level by a factor of OR = 4.33, 1.28 - 14.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) as compared with those that displayed a moderate or higher serum level of adiponectin (>7.02 ng/ml). The same odds for next estrogen receptor, ERβ, was not greater than unity (OR = 0.31, 0.06 - 1.56, 95% CI). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is speculated that as adiponectin can affect ERs gene expression, so affecting the steroid receptor signaling can be proposed as a new underling mechanism of action for this adipokine in breast cancer pathogenesis especially in obese ones.

关键词： Breast Cancer Adiponectin Estrogen Receptors

Global Income Inequality and Poverty Reduction:Trends and Remedies

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Management Studies 2021年第1期9卷 35-41页

作者： nosratollah Nafar Islamic Development Bank AnkaraTurkey

There is a global consensus that world economy need not only grow faster,but also grow in a way that the poor receive a greater share of the benefits of that *** is well documented that income inequality is on the rise,with the richest 10%earning up to 40%of total global *** poorest 10%earn only between 2%and 7%of total global *** long time of neglect,inequality has re-entered the mainstream development policy agenda at both national and global levels indicating that relevant policies should be universal in principle paying attention to the needs of disadvantaged and marginalized *** highlighted in almost all SDG’s documents,income inequality is a global problem that requires global *** involves improving the regulation and monitoring of financial markets and institutions,encouraging development assistance and foreign direct investment to regions where the need is *** the safe migration and mobility of people is also key to bridging the widening *** 10 encompasses 10 targets with the objective of promoting social,economic,and political inclusion of all,irrespective of age,sex,disability,race,ethnicity,origin,religion,or economic or other *** SDG 10 reaffirms that the 2030 development agenda will focus not only on eradicating poverty but also on tackling inequalities in all its forms through adopting sound policies to empower the bottom percentile of income earners,and promote economic inclusion of all regardless of sex,race,or *** paper analyses the resent status of income inequality and its relationship with economic growth and poverty in selected developing *** paper highlights that there is a triangular relationship between income distribution,poverty and economic growth;while accelerated economic growth is a primary factor in reducing poverty,inequalities can constrain poverty reduction significantly.

关键词： poverty income inequality economic growth Gini coefficient GDP per capita

Quantification of Steroid Receptors Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Patients: Possible Correlation with Serum Level of Adipocytokines

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第5期2卷 659-665页

作者： Rana Jahanban Esfahlan nosratollah Zarghami Μohammad Rahmati-Yamchi Amir Monfaredan Samira Valiyari Ali Jahanban Esfahlan Raziallah Jafari Jozani Morteza Gojazadeh Fereidoun Mamaghani Majid Mobasseri 不详

Background: While the role of adipocyte-derived hormones in breast cancer pathogenesis well studied, it is speculated that there is a crosstalk between adipocytokines and Esterogen receptor(ER) signaling. To test this hypothesis we evaluate the possible correlation between serum levels of adipocytokins with steroid hormone receptors gene expression in breast cancer patients. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 women with breast cancer participated with different grades of obesity (36 none obese, BMI 0.05). In case of leptin, we observed a positive correlation between leptin and ERα and PR mRNA. (r = 0.553, n = 64, p < 0.001, r = 0.359, n = 64, p = 0.002 and a reverse significant correlation between leptin and ERβ (r= –0.506, n = 64 and p < 0.001). We also observed a significant correlation between TNFα and IL6 with steroid receptors gene expression in samples (P < 0.05). Conclusion: As the presence of steroid receptors are used as the most common prognostic markers in breast cancer patients, so targeting adipocytokines as potential regulators of steroid receptorsgene expression can be a new approach in treatment of obese breast cancer subjects.

关键词： Obesity Breast Cancer Steroid Receptors Adipocytokines

Wool characteristics of crossbred Baghdadi wild ram and Iran native sheep

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