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The boundary of palaearctic and oriental realms in western China

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第7期18卷 833-841页

作者： Ling Chen a,b,c, Yanling Songd,*, Shufang Xu e a northwest institute of plateau biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001, China b Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, China c National Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China d institute of Zoology, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China e Beijing academy of Agriculture and Forestry sciences, Beijing 100097, China northwest institute of plateau biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China National Science Foundation of China Beijing 100085 China institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Beijing academy of Agriculture and Forestry sciences Beijing 100097 China

In the world-wide zoogeographic division, there has been no consentaneous understanding about the delimitation between palaearctic and oriental realms in western China. In this study, we will discuss the division based on amphibian distribution in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet according to species coefficient similarity between each zoogeographic province. The results show that the northern border lies from Qinling Mountains–Feng Xian (Shaanxi)–Debu (Gansu)–Aba (Sichuan)–Batang–Bomi (Tibet), to Linzhi districts, and the southern border is from Taibai–Feng Xian in Shaanxi–Wen Xian (Gansu)–Songpan–Kangding–Daocheng (Sichuan), to Zhongdian–Gongshan in Yunnan, and westward to Motuo and Bomi district in Tibet.

关键词： Amphibian Zoogeography Palaearctic Oriental Hengduan Mt.

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中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站

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中国科学院院刊 2018年第10期33卷 1127-1129页

作者： northwest institute of plateau biology,chinese academy of sciences 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所

中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站（以下简称为＂海北站＂）,始建于1976年,地处青藏高原东北隅祁连山区门源县境内。1978年,该站成为中国科学院院属台站,2000年成为国家科技部野外观测试点站,2002年加入中国陆地生态系统通量观测... 详细信息

中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站（以下简称为＂海北站＂）,始建于1976年,地处青藏高原东北隅祁连山区门源县境内。1978年,该站成为中国科学院院属台站,2000年成为国家科技部野外观测试点站,2002年加入中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络（ChinaFLUX）,2006年成为国家科技部野外观测研究站,2013年加入中国荒漠-草地生态系统观测研究野外站联盟和高寒网。

关键词：高寒草甸生态系统中国科学院定位站国家科技部野外观测陆地生态系统草地生态系统祁连山区

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The Eco-Geographical Distribution and Floristic Characteristics of Pteridophyte from the East Kunlun Mts. and Adjacent Area in China

The Eco-Geographical Distribution and Floristic Characterist...

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作者： Wu Yuhu northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001,P.R. China

＜正＞According to the statistical data of Pteridophyte, this paper discussed the species, families and genera source and the distribution of Pteridophyte in east Kunlun Mts. of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） plateau. The ecological condition of Pteridophyte in this region has also been preliminarily studied. The author thought that the flora of Pteridophyte in east Kunlun Mts. and the adjacent area is young with poor species, simple ecological forms, and small scope of distribution. It converged wide temperate and anti-cold terrestrial species which came from the surrounding floras. This flora is a border distributive district of Pteridophyte in China. Among the ecological factors, low temperature is the key factor restricting the growth, development and the formation of the ecological characteristics and the distributive patterns of Pteridophyte in the region.

关键词： East Kunlun Mts. Pteridophyte eco-geographical distribution

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Decomposition of Cellulose, Roots and Litter in Alpine Meadow Soil

Decomposition of Cellulose, Roots and Litter in Alpine Meado...

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作者： Wang Qilan northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810008, P.R. China

＜正＞This study on decomposition of cellulose, roots, feces and litter in alpine meadow soil was carried out at the Haibei Research Station during 1984-1993. The decomposition rate was assessed by using litterbags of different mesh sizes. Changes in the numbers of cellulose decomposing microorganisms were also estimated by using Hutchison medium plates. Four different sample sites and two sample-burring soil depth were selected. Samples were retrieved at regular intervals, and the weightlessness of samples was measured, soil samples were collected from four vegetation types. The experimental results are shown as follows: 1) The cellulose decomposition rate and the numbers of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms paralleled the seasonal fluctuations of the abiotic parameters （e.g. soil temperature, soil water content etc.）. The maximum value of the cellulose decomposition rate and the numbers of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms were measured in the period of July and August. The cellulose decomposition rate was correlated with the soil temperature. 2) Because water increased the infection rate initially, the decomposition rate of wet buried cellulose was obviously higher than that of dry buried. 3) The decomposition rate of cellulose in the non-grazed pasture plot was obviously higher than that in the grazed pasture plot. 4) The decomposition rate of Kobresia humilis roots and litter did not differ significantly between the natural and the artificial cultivated pasture. 5) The decomposition rate of animal feces was very low compared to those of litter, roots and cellulose. 6) The numbers of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in the soil of four vegetation types were in the order of Elymus nutans meadow ＞ Potentilla fruticosa shrub ＞ Kobresia humilis meadow ＞ degraded Kobresia humilis meadow.

关键词： cellulose roots litter alpine meadow soil decomposition

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Advances in Research of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem

Advances in Research of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem

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作者： Zhao Xinquan and Zhou Xingmin northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001, P.R. China

＜正＞The Tibet plateau, a unique geographic unit, has a great impact on the Eurasia atmospheric circulation and distribution of various ecosystems and their structure, function, adaptation, and evolution pattern since the plateau formed as the highest plateau of the world. The frosty, alpine shrub, alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert ecosystem are widely distributed in the area, which covers 2.5 million km2, alpine shrub and meadow cover about 35% of this land area. Due to the high altitude climate, the ecosystem is fragile and sensitive to global climate changes. Therefore, the area is an ideal place to study the response of ecosystem to climate changes. On the other hand, grassland degradation, a main form of land desertification, has been described as a process of retrogressive succession of grassland ecosystem resulting from human activity （such as over grazing） and unfavorable environmental condition on the Tibet plateau. Overgrazing has led to degradation of 30% the pasturelands in Haibei region. In order to understand the structural and functional aspects of the alpine ecosystem and to promote sustainable animal production system, the Haibei Alpine Meadow Research Station was established in 1976. A series of intensive studies on ecosystem structure and function, including the energy flow and nutrient cycling of the ecosystem, were the main task in the first 10 years. Meanwhile, studies with 5 different grazing intensities on both summer and winter pasture had been conducted. In the early of the 1990s, the research station started to focus research work on global warming, biodiversity and sustainable animal production system in pastoral area. Various ways to improve degraded pasturelands have been developed in the region.

关键词： alpine meadow ecosystem Haibei station research advance

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Solar UV-B Radiation and Plants UV-B- Absorbing Compounds in Alpine Meadow Regions

Solar UV-B Radiation and Plants UV-B- Absorbing Compounds in...

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作者： Shi Shengbo, Ben Guiying and Han Fa northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001, P.R. China

＜正＞The solar UV-B radiation intensity and the adaptation of alpine plants to solar UV-B radiation were studied in this paper. The comparison studies indicated that solar UV-B radiation intensity was higher in Haibei alpine meadow region than in Xining and Nanjing during the plants’ growing season of alpine K. humilis meadow, the intensity of solar UV-B radiation was higher in June. That was similar to total solar radiation and PAR, all of which were influenced by solar angle. At the local sun noon time （13:15 Beijing time）, the solar UV-B radiation reached the highest value. The UV-B/Q was also changed with the increasing of solar angle from zero to zenith. The results also indicated that UV-B/Q in Haibei was higher than that in Xining. Alpine plants that have high UV-B-absorbing compounds content can be divided into three groups: （1） having obviously absorbance spectrum peak in 325 μm, such as Saussurea superba and Aster flaccidus;（2） having obviously absorbance spectrum peak in 265 μm, such as P. viviparum;（3） having no obviously absorbance spectrum peak in 265 μm and 325 μm, such as K. Humilis and Carex arro-fusca. Solar UV-B radiation is generally increased with the enhancement of the elevation, mainly due to less air mass and greater transparency in alpine regions. With the increasing of solar angle from zero to zenith, solar UV-B radiation intensity was also increased. Compared to the total solar radiation and PAR, the solar UV-B radiation had a pronounced enhancement at the local sun noon time. This showed us that solar UV-B radiation was more important on organisms under cloudless days condition. Lautenschlager-Fleury found that plants growing under the sun have greater concentrations of flavonoids in the leaves than those in the shade. It has been proved that plants were less sensitive to UV-B-induced damage when the grown under high PPFDs than under lower PPFDs. The amelioration of UV-B-induced damage was attributed to photoprotection and photoreactivation

关键词： UV-B solar plants compounds comparison alpine medow

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Seasonal variations and mechanism for environmental control of NEE of CO_2 concerning the Potentilla fruticosa in alpine shrub meadow of Qinghai-Tibet plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 174-185页

作者： LI Yingnian, SUN Xiaomin, ZHAO Xinquan, ZHAO Liang, XU Shixiao, GU Song, ZHANG Fawei & YU Guirui northwest institute of plateau biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001, China institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1. northwest institute of plateau biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China 2. institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The study by the eddy covariance technique in the alpine shrub meadow of the Qing-hai-Tibet plateau in 2003 and 2004 showed that the net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) exhibited noticeable diurnal and annual variations, with more distinct daily changes during the warmer seasons. The CO2 emission of the shrub ecosystem culminated in April and September while the CO2 absorption capacity reached a maximum in July and August. The absorbed carbon dioxide during the two consecutive years was 231.4 and 274.8 g CO2·m-2 respectively, yielding an average of 253.1 gCO2·m-2 per year: that accounts for a large proportion of absorbed CO2 in the region. Obviously, the diurnal carbon flux was negatively related to temperature, radiation and other atmospheric factors. Still, minute discrepancies in kurtosis and duration of carbon emission/absorption were detected between 2003 and 2004. It was found that the CO2 flux in the daytime was similarly affected by photosynthetic photon flux density in both years. Temperature appears to be the most important determinant of CO2 flux: specifically, the high temperature during the plant growing season inhibits the carbon absorption capacity. One potential explanation is that soil respiration is enhanced under such condition. Analysis of biomass revealed that the annual net carbon fixed capacity of aboveground and belowground biomass was 544.0 in 2003 and 559.4 g Cm"2 in 2004, which coincided with the NEE absorption capacity (63.1 g C·m-2 in 2003 and 74.9 g C·m-2 in 2004) in the corresponding plant growing season.

关键词： Potentilla frutlcosa shrub meadow yearly meteorological conditions CO2 exchange variations meteorological factors aboveground and belowground biomass LAI.

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Effects of Enclosure and Fertilization on Soil Seed Bank and Standing Vegetation of Degraded Alpine Meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Effects of Enclosure and Fertilization on Soil Seed Bank and...

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三江源区生态保护与可持续发展高级学术研讨会

作者： LI Shixiong, WANG Qiji, JIN Zenchun, SHI Huilan ( northwest plateau institute of biology, The chinese academy of sciences, Xining, 810001, China Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing, 100039, China)

＜正＞The role of enclosure and fertilization in restoration of lightly degraded alpine meadow in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau were studied by investigating species composition, diversity of vegetation and soil seed bank in the central of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The highest total number of species in seed bank was found in the enclosure + fertilization treatment, while the poorest was in CK. The Shannon-Weiner index and

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Possible Impacts of Root Vole’s Disturbances on Plant Species Richness and Diversity in Alpine Meadow

Possible Impacts of Root Vole’s Disturbances on Plant Speci...

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野生动物生态与管理学术讨论会

作者： Sun Ping Zhao Xinquan Xu ShixiaoZhu Wenyan Zhao Tongbiao Zhao Wei(northwest plateau institute of biology, the chinese academy of sciences, Xining, 810001)

＜正＞Herbivory and aboveground activities by subaerial mammals influence structrue and speciescomposition of plant communities they *** and holes system constructed by root vole（Microtus oeconomus）in alpine meadow produced an important effect on vegetation species richness *** gridding method,we surveyed the disturbance of root vole in 4 treatments（HGCO,HGCL,LGCO,and LGCL）in alpine meadow By means of use of quadrat,plant species richness and

关键词： Disturbance Root vole (Microtus oeconomus) Species richness Diversity Gridding method

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A Quantitative Characteristics Study of the Degenerated Succession on the Elymus Sibiricus Sowing Grassland in the Alpine Pasture Area

A Quantitative Characteristics Study of the Degenerated Succ...

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作者： Zhang Yaosheng, Zhou Xingmin, Wang Qiji and Chen Bo northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001, P.R. China

＜正＞This study was carried out at the Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem, chinese academy of sciences, from 1988 to 1993. The results indicated that the number of species, the richness index, the diversity index and the eveness index all emerged ascendent tendency with the succession process, but the ecological dominance emerged degradation tendency. The analyzed results of the importance values, the Niche breadth and the Niche overlaps proved that some herb species, such as Ajania tenuifolia, Polygonum sibiricum, were invasive pioneer plants in the succession process, and they have the larger Niche breadth than other species in the grassland. Their important values also emerged ascendent tendency. The Niche overlaps between the Elymus sibiricus and other species were smaller than that between two herb species in most cases. The invasion of the herbs is one of the most important influential factors to make the sowing grassland degenerated more severely. It is necessary to put the artificial interventions to prevent the degeneration of the grassland.

关键词： Elymus sibiricus degenerated succession quantitative characteristics

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