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中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站

中国科学院院刊 2018年第10期33卷 1127-1129页

作者： northwest institute of plateau biology,chinese academy of sciences 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所

中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站（以下简称为＂海北站＂）,始建于1976年,地处青藏高原东北隅祁连山区门源县境内。1978年,该站成为中国科学院院属台站,2000年成为国家科技部野外观测试点站,2002年加入中国陆地生态系统通量观测... 详细信息

中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站（以下简称为＂海北站＂）,始建于1976年,地处青藏高原东北隅祁连山区门源县境内。1978年,该站成为中国科学院院属台站,2000年成为国家科技部野外观测试点站,2002年加入中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络（ChinaFLUX）,2006年成为国家科技部野外观测研究站,2013年加入中国荒漠-草地生态系统观测研究野外站联盟和高寒网。

关键词：高寒草甸生态系统中国科学院定位站国家科技部野外观测陆地生态系统草地生态系统祁连山区

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Allopatric divergence and regional range expansion of Juniperus sabina in China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第3期48卷 153-160页

作者： 1Yu-Peng GUO 1Ru ZHANG 1Cui-Yun CHEN 2Dang-Wei ZHOU 1Jian-Quan LIU 1(Division of Molecular Ecology,Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology,School of Life sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China) 2(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of plateau Biota,northwest institute of plateau biology,chinese academy of sciences,Xining 810000,China) (Division of Molecular Ecology Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China) (Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810000 China)

In this study,we aimed to study the phylogeographic pattern of Juniperus sabina,a shrub species commonly occurring in the northern,northwestern and western China. We sequenced three chloroplast DNA fragments (trnL-trnF,trnS-trnG,and trnD-trnT) for 137 individuals from 16 populations of this species. Five chloroplast DNA chlorotypes (A,B,C,D,and E) were identified and they showed no overlapping distribution. The population subdivision is very high (GST=0.926,NST=0.980),suggesting a distinct phylogeographic structure (NST>GST,Pnorthwestern China. However,within each region,the interpopulation differentiation is extremely low. These results as well as statistical tests suggested distinct allopatric differentiations between regional populations and independent glacial refugia for postglacial recolonization. The deserts that developed during the late Quaternary might have acted as effective barriers to promote genetic differentiation among these regions. However,the low diversity dominated by the single chlorotype within each fragmented region suggested that all current populations were derived from a common regional range expansion.

关键词： cpDNA genetic diversity Juniperus sabina phylogeography range expansion.

The Eco-Geographical Distribution and Floristic Characteristics of Pteridophyte from the East Kunlun Mts. and Adjacent Area in China

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The Eco-Geographical Distribution and Floristic Characterist...

作者： Wu Yuhu northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001,P.R. China

＜正＞According to the statistical data of Pteridophyte, this paper discussed the species, families and genera source and the distribution of Pteridophyte in east Kunlun Mts. of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） plateau. The ecological condition of Pteridophyte in this region has also been preliminarily studied. The author thought that the flora of Pteridophyte in east Kunlun Mts. and the adjacent area is young with poor species, simple ecological forms, and small scope of distribution. It converged wide temperate and anti-cold terrestrial species which came from the surrounding floras. This flora is a border distributive district of Pteridophyte in China. Among the ecological factors, low temperature is the key factor restricting the growth, development and the formation of the ecological characteristics and the distributive patterns of Pteridophyte in the region.

关键词： East Kunlun Mts. Pteridophyte eco-geographical distribution

Decomposition of Cellulose, Roots and Litter in Alpine Meadow Soil

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Decomposition of Cellulose, Roots and Litter in Alpine Meado...

作者： Wang Qilan northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810008, P.R. China

＜正＞This study on decomposition of cellulose, roots, feces and litter in alpine meadow soil was carried out at the Haibei Research Station during 1984-1993. The decomposition rate was assessed by using litterbags of different mesh sizes. Changes in the numbers of cellulose decomposing microorganisms were also estimated by using Hutchison medium plates. Four different sample sites and two sample-burring soil depth were selected. Samples were retrieved at regular intervals, and the weightlessness of samples was measured, soil samples were collected from four vegetation types. The experimental results are shown as follows: 1) The cellulose decomposition rate and the numbers of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms paralleled the seasonal fluctuations of the abiotic parameters （e.g. soil temperature, soil water content etc.）. The maximum value of the cellulose decomposition rate and the numbers of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms were measured in the period of July and August. The cellulose decomposition rate was correlated with the soil temperature. 2) Because water increased the infection rate initially, the decomposition rate of wet buried cellulose was obviously higher than that of dry buried. 3) The decomposition rate of cellulose in the non-grazed pasture plot was obviously higher than that in the grazed pasture plot. 4) The decomposition rate of Kobresia humilis roots and litter did not differ significantly between the natural and the artificial cultivated pasture. 5) The decomposition rate of animal feces was very low compared to those of litter, roots and cellulose. 6) The numbers of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in the soil of four vegetation types were in the order of Elymus nutans meadow ＞ Potentilla fruticosa shrub ＞ Kobresia humilis meadow ＞ degraded Kobresia humilis meadow.

关键词： cellulose roots litter alpine meadow soil decomposition

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生态系统营养动态的网络透视法

生态学杂志 1995年第5期14卷 36-42页

作者：张晓爱中国科学院西北高原生物研究所

生态系统营养动态的网络透视法张晓爱（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所西宁８１０００１）ＮｅｔｗｏｒｋＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅＭｅｔｈｏｄｓｆｏｒＳｔｕｄｙｉｎｇＴｒｏｐｈｉｃＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｉｎＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ￥，Ｚｈａ... 详细信息

生态系统营养动态的网络透视法张晓爱（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所西宁８１０００１）ＮｅｔｗｏｒｋＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅＭｅｔｈｏｄｓｆｏｒＳｔｕｄｙｉｎｇＴｒｏｐｈｉｃＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｉｎＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ￥，ＺｈａｎｇＸｉａｏａｉ（Ｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓ...

关键词：生态系营养动态网络透视法

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Demographic history of the Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsoni(chiru)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第6期48卷 490-496页

作者： 1,2,3Yu-Rong DU 1Song-Chang GUO 4Zhao-Feng WANG 1Hai-Xing CI 1Zhen-Yuan CAI 4Qian ZHANG 1Jian-Ping SU 4Jian-Quan LIU 1(Key Laboratory of Evolution and Adaptation of plateau Biota,northwest institute of plateau biology,chinese academy of sciences,Xining 810001,China) 2(Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,China) 3(School of Life and Geography Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China) 4(Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology,School of Life Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China) (Key Laboratory of Evolution and Adaptation of plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China) (Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China) (School of Life and Geography Science Qinghai Normal University Xining 810008 China) (Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology School of Life Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China)

The Tibetan antelope(chiru,Pantholops hodgsoni),a heavily poached species and symbol of the QinghaiTibetan plateau(QTP),is noted worldwide for its special calving *** species originated in the early Quaternary and it is interesting to know how the following climatic oscillations affected its demographic dynamics in the climate-sensitive *** this study,we analyzed the mitochondrial D-loop region from 312 individuals sampled in all of the six major *** found high rates of gene flow and little genetic differentiation between populations,suggesting that the calving migration may have homogenized the genetic pool of this *** mismatch distribution analyses and coalescent simulations suggested that this species experienced a demographic expansion approximately 600-200 Kyr following the retreat of the large glaciers developed in the QTP at 800-600 Kyr,rather than at the end of the last glacial age,as previously suggested,based on a limited sample *** addition,we found evidence of a chiru population decrease probably related to the human settings at the QTP during the middle Holocene.

关键词： chiru calving migration demographic expansion mitochondrial D-loop Quaternary.

Advances in Research of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem

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Advances in Research of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem

作者： Zhao Xinquan and Zhou Xingmin northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001, P.R. China

＜正＞The Tibet plateau, a unique geographic unit, has a great impact on the Eurasia atmospheric circulation and distribution of various ecosystems and their structure, function, adaptation, and evolution pattern since the plateau formed as the highest plateau of the world. The frosty, alpine shrub, alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert ecosystem are widely distributed in the area, which covers 2.5 million km2, alpine shrub and meadow cover about 35% of this land area. Due to the high altitude climate, the ecosystem is fragile and sensitive to global climate changes. Therefore, the area is an ideal place to study the response of ecosystem to climate changes. On the other hand, grassland degradation, a main form of land desertification, has been described as a process of retrogressive succession of grassland ecosystem resulting from human activity （such as over grazing） and unfavorable environmental condition on the Tibet plateau. Overgrazing has led to degradation of 30% the pasturelands in Haibei region. In order to understand the structural and functional aspects of the alpine ecosystem and to promote sustainable animal production system, the Haibei Alpine Meadow Research Station was established in 1976. A series of intensive studies on ecosystem structure and function, including the energy flow and nutrient cycling of the ecosystem, were the main task in the first 10 years. Meanwhile, studies with 5 different grazing intensities on both summer and winter pasture had been conducted. In the early of the 1990s, the research station started to focus research work on global warming, biodiversity and sustainable animal production system in pastoral area. Various ways to improve degraded pasturelands have been developed in the region.

关键词： alpine meadow ecosystem Haibei station research advance

Solar UV-B Radiation and Plants UV-B- Absorbing Compounds in Alpine Meadow Regions

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Solar UV-B Radiation and Plants UV-B- Absorbing Compounds in...

作者： Shi Shengbo, Ben Guiying and Han Fa northwest plateau institute of biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001, P.R. China

＜正＞The solar UV-B radiation intensity and the adaptation of alpine plants to solar UV-B radiation were studied in this paper. The comparison studies indicated that solar UV-B radiation intensity was higher in Haibei alpine meadow region than in Xining and Nanjing during the plants’ growing season of alpine K. humilis meadow, the intensity of solar UV-B radiation was higher in June. That was similar to total solar radiation and PAR, all of which were influenced by solar angle. At the local sun noon time （13:15 Beijing time）, the solar UV-B radiation reached the highest value. The UV-B/Q was also changed with the increasing of solar angle from zero to zenith. The results also indicated that UV-B/Q in Haibei was higher than that in Xining. Alpine plants that have high UV-B-absorbing compounds content can be divided into three groups: （1） having obviously absorbance spectrum peak in 325 μm, such as Saussurea superba and Aster flaccidus;（2） having obviously absorbance spectrum peak in 265 μm, such as P. viviparum;（3） having no obviously absorbance spectrum peak in 265 μm and 325 μm, such as K. Humilis and Carex arro-fusca. Solar UV-B radiation is generally increased with the enhancement of the elevation, mainly due to less air mass and greater transparency in alpine regions. With the increasing of solar angle from zero to zenith, solar UV-B radiation intensity was also increased. Compared to the total solar radiation and PAR, the solar UV-B radiation had a pronounced enhancement at the local sun noon time. This showed us that solar UV-B radiation was more important on organisms under cloudless days condition. Lautenschlager-Fleury found that plants growing under the sun have greater concentrations of flavonoids in the leaves than those in the shade. It has been proved that plants were less sensitive to UV-B-induced damage when the grown under high PPFDs than under lower PPFDs. The amelioration of UV-B-induced damage was attributed to photoprotection and photoreactivation

关键词： UV-B solar plants compounds comparison alpine medow

Seasonal variations and mechanism for environmental control of NEE of CO_2 concerning the Potentilla fruticosa in alpine shrub meadow of Qinghai-Tibet plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 174-185页

作者： LI Yingnian, SUN Xiaomin, ZHAO Xinquan, ZHAO Liang, XU Shixiao, GU Song, ZHANG Fawei & YU Guirui northwest institute of plateau biology, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810001, China institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China

The study by the eddy covariance technique in the alpine shrub meadow of the Qing-hai-Tibet plateau in 2003 and 2004 showed that the net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) exhibited noticeable diurnal and annual variations, with more distinct daily changes during the warmer seasons. The CO2 emission of the shrub ecosystem culminated in April and September while the CO2 absorption capacity reached a maximum in July and August. The absorbed carbon dioxide during the two consecutive years was 231.4 and 274.8 g CO2·m-2 respectively, yielding an average of 253.1 gCO2·m-2 per year: that accounts for a large proportion of absorbed CO2 in the region. Obviously, the diurnal carbon flux was negatively related to temperature, radiation and other atmospheric factors. Still, minute discrepancies in kurtosis and duration of carbon emission/absorption were detected between 2003 and 2004. It was found that the CO2 flux in the daytime was similarly affected by photosynthetic photon flux density in both years. Temperature appears to be the most important determinant of CO2 flux: specifically, the high temperature during the plant growing season inhibits the carbon absorption capacity. One potential explanation is that soil respiration is enhanced under such condition. Analysis of biomass revealed that the annual net carbon fixed capacity of aboveground and belowground biomass was 544.0 in 2003 and 559.4 g Cm"2 in 2004, which coincided with the NEE absorption capacity (63.1 g C·m-2 in 2003 and 74.9 g C·m-2 in 2004) in the corresponding plant growing season.

关键词： Potentilla frutlcosa shrub meadow yearly meteorological conditions CO2 exchange variations meteorolo

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