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Inter-sexual multimodal communication during mating in wild geladas:the leading role of females

Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 570-580页

作者： Anna Zanoli Marco Gamba Alban Lemasson ivan norscia Elisabetta Palagi 无 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of TurinVia Accademia Albertina 13Torino 10123Italy University of Rennes University of NormandieCNRSEthoS(Éthologie Animale et Humaine)263 Av.Général LeclercRennes 35700France Institut Universitaire de France 1 Rue DescartesParis 75005France Natural History Museum University of PisaVia Roma 79Calci(Pisa)56011Italy Department of Biology Unit of EthologyUniversity of Pisa Via Alessandro Volta 6Pisa 50126Italy

Female primates can emit vocalizations associated with mating that can function as honest signals of ***,we investigated the role of mating calls and visual signals in female geladas(Theropithecus gelada).Because females have a central role in the gelada society and seem to solicit sexual interactions,we answered whether they emit vocalizations in conjunction with gazing to increase mating success *** and during copulations,females can emit pre-copulation calls and copulation *** the first time,we identified a new female vocalization emitted at the final stage of copulations(end-copulation call),possibly marking the occurrence of *** found that longer pre-copulation call sequences were followed by both prolonged copulations and the presence of end-copulation calls,thus suggesting that females use pre-copulation calls to ensure successful copula ***,we found that different combinations of female vocal types and gazing had different effects on male vocal behavior and motivation to complete the *** analysis of the vocal and visual signals revealed a complex inter-sexual multimodal chattering with the leading role of females in the signal *** chattering,led by females,modulates male sexual arousal,thus increasing the probability of the copula success.

关键词： copulation calls female end-copulation call inter-sexual coordination mating success multimodal communication Theropithecus gelada

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Witness for resolution: post-conflict quadratic affiliation in semi-free ranging pigs

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 233-243页

作者： ivan norscia Edoardo Collarini Carlo Robino Elena Chierto Giada Cordoni Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of TorinoVia Accademia Albertina 1310123 TorinoItaly Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatric s University of TorinoC.So Galileo Galilei 2210126 TorinoItaly

In social mammals,post-conflict resolution can involve the reunion of former opponents(reconciliation),spontaneous/solicited post-conflict affliation of a third party with either opponent(triadic contacts),and affiliation between other individuals(hereafter bystanders;quadratic contacts).Quadratic contacts-possibly informing complex cognitive abilities-have been neglected in post-conflict *** investi-gated quadratic affliation in semi-free ranging pigs Sus scrofa,at the ethical farm Parva-Domus(Cavagnolo,Italy).Kinship was *** collected behavioral data on adult pigs(n=104)via video recordings(43 h)followed by video *** and anxiety behaviors between bystanders were collected under post-conflict(PC;following a conflict between non-bystanders)and matched-control(MC;no conflict)*** affiliation was present in pigs,as bystanders affliated more in PC than MC,and such affiliation was followed by a decrease in the anxiety behaviors of both the interacting ***,quadratic contacts may be partly aimed at reducing one's own anxiety(intrinsic regulation).Quadratic affiliation was highest between closely related bystanders,which suggests that such affiliation may be most effective when close kin is *** affiliation was lowest after reconciliation and spontaneous triadic *** suggests that direct peacemaking between opponents and spontaneous triadic contacts with close kin may most likely replace quadratic ***,pigs can be influenced by the negative events that affect other pigs-but not themselves-and their response may be modulated by social *** non-random quadratic affiliation may point toward the presence of elements of social appraisal abilities inpigs.

关键词： anxiety reduction emotional regulation reconciliation social appraisal triadic contacts.

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Social play in African savannah elephants may inform selection against aggression

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CURRENT ZOOLOGY 2024年第6期70卷 765-779页

作者： norscia, ivan Hecker, Martin Caselli, Marta Collarini, Edoardo Gallego Aldama, Beatriz Borragan Santos, Santiago Cordoni, Giada Univ Torino Dept Life Sci & Syst Biol Turin Italy Cantur SA Parque Nat Cabarceno Obregon 39690 Cantabria Spain

In social groups, competition for individual advantage is balanced with cooperation, for the collective benefit. Selection against aggression has favored cooperation and non-aggressive competitive strategies. Because social play is a behavioral system that fluctuates between cooperation and competition, selection against aggression might have especially influenced this behavior. African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) are a low aggressive species, therefore suitable to investigate this aspect. We collected all occurrences observational audio-video data on social play, aggression/threats, and affiliation on an African elephant colony housed in a 25-ha open space at Parque de la Naturaleza de Cabarceno (Cantabria, Spain) and composed of 4 family groups (3 immature males, 3 immature females, and 7 adult females) and 2 adult males. Anticipating the influence of reduced aggression, we found that social play decreased with age, persisting in adults, and that it was highest in males. Social play was associated with affiliation (informing cooperation). Indeed, individuals that were central in the social play network were also central in the affiliation network. For immature subjects, we found a correlation between social play and affiliation sociomatrices. However, such correlation was absent in adults and social play mostly occurred between families. Despite the limitations related to dealing with a small captive group, this study largely supports the idea that the features of social play in African savannah elephants may be related to low aggression. This investigation hints toward a non-purely cooperative use of play, possibly as a non-aggressive interaction that accommodates different levels of cooperation and competition.

关键词： captive elephants domestication syndrome self-domestication social behaviors social play

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Search for microglia-specific peptides:advances in the discovery toolbox

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 471-472页

作者： ivan Sarabia Kyle M.Koss Department of Surgery University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Uncontrolled and chronic inflammatory states in the central nervous system(CNS)are the hallmark of neurodegenerative pathology and every injury or stroke-related *** key mediators of these neuroinflammatory states are glial cells known as microglia,the resident immune cell at the core of the inflammatory event,and astroglia,which encapsulate inflammatory insults in proteoglycan-rich scar *** gliotic scar blocks significant portions of healthy axonal networking,preventing *** most neuroinflammation is exclusively based on the responses of said microglia,their phenotypes are suggested to follow those of macrophages;M1 and M2 are opposites of pro-and ***,microglial phenotypes have been identified to be on an inflammatory spectrum encompassing developmental,homeostatic,and reparative behaviors as opposed to their ability to affect devastating cell death cascades and scar tissue formation.

关键词： inflammation pathology death

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REGULARITY FOR A GENERALIZED JEFFREY'S INTEGRAL MODEL FOR VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2015年第6期35卷 1251-1284页

作者： ivan SOUKUP Department of Numerical Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in Prague

We prove a local existence of a strong solution v ：Ω×T→R^3 for a system of nonlinear integrodifferential equations describing motion of an incompressible viscoelastic fluid using standard mathematical tools. The problem is considered in a bounded, smooth domain ΩСR^3 with a Dirichlet boundary condition and a standard initial condition.

关键词： integral model viscoelastic fluid strong solution

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Topology of Moment-Angle Manifolds Arising from Flag Nestohedra

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第6期38卷 1287-1302页

作者： ivan LIMONCHENKO School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China.

The author constructs a family of manifolds, one for each n ≥ 2, having a nontrivial Massey n-product in their cohomology for any given n. These manifolds turn out to be smooth closed 2-connected manifolds with a compact torus Tm-action called momentangle manifolds ZP, whose orbit spaces are simple n-dimensional polytopes P obtained from an n-cube by a sequence of truncations of faces of codimension 2 only(2-truncated cubes). Moreover, the polytopes P are flag nestohedra but not graph-associahedra. The author also describes the numbers β^(-i,2(i+1))(Q) for an associahedron Q in terms of its graph structure and relates it to the structure of the loop homology(Pontryagin algebra)H_*(?ZQ), and then studies higher Massey products in H*(ZQ) for a graph-associahedron Q.

关键词： Moment-angle manifold Flag nestohedra Stanley-Reisner ring Masseyproducts Graph-associahedron

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Experimental and calculated liquid-liquid interfacial tension in demixing metal alloys

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Rare Metals 2006年第5期25卷 452-456页

作者： Walter Hoyer ivan Kaban Institute of Physics Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 ChemnitzGermany

Liquid-liquid interracial tension in binary and temary Al-based monotectic systems has been determined experimentally with a tensiometric method in a wide temperature interval. The temperature dependence of the interfacial tension is well described by a power law function of the type σαβ - （1 - T/Tc）δ with the critical exponent δ= 1.3 and a critical temperature Tc. Theoretical models describing the liquid-liquid interface in monotectic alloys and their applicability for calculation of the interfacial tension and its temperature dependence in binary systems are considered.

关键词： immiscible systems Al-based alloys interracial tension

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Effects of pre-existing cracks and infillings on strength of natural rocks--Cases of sandstone, argillite and basalt

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第6期12卷 1333-1338页

作者： Chen Cui ivan Gratchev School of Engineering Griffith UniversityGold CoastAustralia

This study aims to examine the influence of pre-existing discontinuities on the strengths of four natural rocks of different origins.A series of unconfined compression tests was performed on specimens of two types of sandstones,argillite and basalt that contain open and filled *** was found that the presence of cracks tends to decrease the overall strength for all studied rocks;however,the magnitude of strength reduction is related to the property of *** larger strength decrease was observed for the relatively harder argillite and basalt,compared to the softer *** was also found that the infill material could increase the strength of rock specimens,while the obtained strength depended on the characteristics of the fill material.

关键词： Pre-existing crack Rock strength Infill material Laboratory test

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Purinergic Modulation of Activity in the Developing Auditory Pathway

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第11期36卷 1285-1298页

作者： Sasa Jovanovic ivan Milenkovic School of Medicine and Health Sciences Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg26129 OldenburgGermany

Purinergic P2 receptors,activated by endogenous ATP,are prominently expressed on neuronal and nonneuronal cells during development of the auditory periphery and central auditory *** the mature cochlea,extracellular ATP contributes to ion homeostasis,and has a protective function against noise ***,we focus on the modulation of activity by extracellular ATP during early postnatal development of the lower auditory *** mammals,spontaneous patterned activity is conveyed along afferent auditory pathways before the onset of acoustically evoked signal *** this critical developmental period,inner hair cells fire bursts of action potentials that are believed to provide a developmental code for synaptic maturation and refinement of auditory circuits,thereby establishing a precise tonotopic *** ATP-release triggers such patterned activity by raising the extracellular K+concentration and contributes to firing by increasing the excitability of auditory nerve fibers,spiral ganglion neurons,and specific neuron types within the auditory brainstem,through the activation of diverse P2 *** review recent studies that provide new models on the contribution of purinergic signaling to early development of the afferent auditory ***,we discuss potential future directions of purinergic research in the auditory system.

关键词： Purinergic signaling Auditory system Development Cochlea Spiral ganglion Auditory brainstem

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Dry powder platform for pulmonary drug delivery

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Particuology 2008年第4期6卷 225-238页

作者： Derek ivan Daniher Jesse Zhu Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

The phenomenon of particle interaction involved in pulmonary drug delivery belongs to a wide variety of disciplines of particle technology, in particular, fluidization. This paper reviews the basic concepts of pulmonary drug delivery with references to fluidization research, in particular, studies on Geldart group C powders. Dry powder inhaler device-formulation combination has been shown to be an effective method for delivering drugs to the lung for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Even with advanced designs, however, delivery efficiency is still poor mainly due to powder dispersion problems which cause poor lung deposition and high dose variability. Drug particles used in current inhalers must be 1–5 μm in diameter for effective deposition in small-diameter airways and alveoli. These powders are very cohesive, have poor flowability, and are difficult to disperse into aerosol due to cohesion arising from van der Waals attraction. These problems are well known in fluidization research, much of which is highly relevant to pulmonary drug delivery.

关键词： Dry powder inhaler Interparticle forces Aerosol Pulmonary drug delivery Carrier particle Fluidization

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