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Characterizing and Mitigating Chemomechanical Degradation in High-Energy Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第5期3卷 511-524页

作者： norman s.luu Kyu-Young Park Mark C.Hersam Department of Materials science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United States Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKyungbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are nearly ubiquitous energy storage solutions,powering devices ranging from consumer electronics to electric *** advance these applications,current LIB research efforts are directed toward improving energy and power densities,cyclic lifetimes,charging speeds,and *** parameters are intrinsically tied to properties of the active electrode materials,such as the redox mechanism,chemical composition,and crystal *** particularly challenging issue is that the active electrode materials that possess higher theoretical energy densities are generally more susceptible to degradation during cycling.A notable example is the family of layered multicomponent transition metal oxides,which is the incumbent class of active LIB cathode materials for electric *** increase their theoretical capacities,the transition metal fraction in these materials is trending toward higher Ni ***,Ni-rich chemistries suffer from electrochemical,crystallographic,and mechanical degradation that increase in severity with increasing Ni ***,alternative high-energy cathode materials,including overlithiated layered oxides and disordered rock salt materials,present additional stability challenges that must be overcome before they can be realistically incorporated into LIB *** chemomechanical degradation in high-energy LIB cathode materials occurs at multiple length *** defects,such as antisite defects or vacancies,are commonly generated during electrochemical cycling and can contribute to the loss of cyclable active *** both the primary and secondary particle level,electrochemical cycling also induces significant volumetric changes and state-of-charge heterogeneity,generating regions of high stress and strain that are precursors to mechanical ***,at the electrode level,nonuniform charge transfer reactions throughout the electrode can lead to locally overcharged regions that become

关键词： Battery electrode cycling

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Projected Changes in Extreme Event Indices for Alaska

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Atmospheric and Climate sciences 2024年第2期14卷 191-209页

作者： John E. Walsh Kyle Redilla norman shippee Lukas Cheung David Bigelow Ronni Wilcock International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks USA stantec Ottawa Canada stantec Montreal Canada stantec Calgary Canada Two Bears Environmental Consulting Anchorage USA

As climate has warmed in recent decades, Alaska has experienced a variety of high-impact extreme events that include heat waves, wildfires, coastal storms and freezing rain. Because the warming is projected to continue, it is essential to consider future changes when planning adaptation actions and building resilience. In this study, we synthesize information on future changes in extreme events in Alaska from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations performed as part of Arctic-CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment). A set of 13 extreme event indices, based on those developed by the World Climate Research Programme’s Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), are evaluated from the Arctic-CORDEX output for Alaska. Of the 13 indices, six pertain to temperature, five to total precipitation, one to wind and one to snow. The results for locations in seven different climate zones of Alaska include large increases (5˚C - 10˚C) in the temperature thresholds for the five hottest and coldest days of the year, and large increases in warm spell duration and decreases in cold spell duration. Changes in the cold day temperature threshold are generally larger than the changes in the hot day temperature threshold, consistent with the projections of a stronger warming in winter than in summer in Alaska yearly maximum 1-day and 5-day precipitation amounts as well as the yearly number of consecutive wet days are projected to increase at all locations. The indices for heavy snow days and high-wind days show mixed changes, although the results indicate increases in heavy snow days at the more northern locations and increases in windy days at coastal locations. The changes in the extreme event indices continue through 2100 under the higher-emission (RCP 8.5) emission scenario, while the changes generally stabilize under the lower-emission (RCP 4.5) scenario. .

关键词： Extreme Events Temperature Precipitation Alaska Climate

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Pre-operative visceral adipose tissue radiodensity is a potentially novel prognostic biomarker for early endoscopic post-operative recurrence in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2024年第3期16卷 740-750页

作者： Phillip Gu shishir Dube norman Gellada so Yung Choi susan Win Yoo Jin Lee shaohong Yang Talin Haritunians Gil Y Melmed Eric A Vasiliauskas Niru Bonthala Gaurav syal Andres J Yarur David Ziring shervin Rabizadeh Phillip Fleshner Cindy Kallman suzanne Devkota stephan R Targan Dalin Li Dermot PB McGovern Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Imaging Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Biostatistics shared Resource Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Internal Medicine Keimyung University School of MedicineDaegu 42601South Korea Department of Medicine University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Medicine University of California at San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093United States Department of Pediatrics Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests inflammatory mesenteric fat is involved in post-operative recurrence(POR)of Crohn’s disease(CD).However,its prognostic value is INTRODUCTION Crohn’s disease(CD)is a debilitating chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease(IMID)of the gastrointestinal tract that is increasing in incidence and prevalence globally[1].CD patients often undergo surgery for disease-related complic-ations and/or medically refractory ***,surgery is not curative,and many patients develop post-operative recurrence(POR)of CD with a significant proportion eventually requiring additional *** advances in early detection and therapeutics,the contemporary 10-year risk of surgery has improved from 50%to 26%,but the risk of recurrent surgery has remained unchanged at 30%,suggesting a need to improve post-operative management strategies[2].Presently,there are two accepted strategies to mitigate POR,but each have potential ***,patients start early post-operative pharmacologic prophylaxis within 4-6 wk after *** strategy can potentially overtreat a subset of patient who may not develop long-term disease recurrence off ***,these patients are at risk of medication-related adverse events and the direct and indirect costs associated with therapy with little or no benefit[3].The second strategy is performing early colonoscopy within 6-12 months after surgery and escalating therapy based on FOOTNOTEs Author contributions:Gu P is the guarantor of the article and was involved in concept and design,data collection,statistical analysis,drafting of manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Dube s and Choi sY were involved in statistical analysis,drafting of the manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Gellada N,Win s,Lee YJ and Yang s were involved in the data collection,drafting of the manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Haritunians T and Li D were involved in data analysis and interpretation,drafting

关键词： Crohn’s disease surgery Visceral adipose tissue Mesenteric adipose tissue Creeping fat Computed tomography

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Pain management for the Nuss procedure: comparison between erector spinae plane block, thoracic epidural, and control

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World Journal of Pediatric surgery 2022年第4期5卷 223-228页

作者： Lisgelia santana John Driggers norman F Carvalho Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management Nemours Children's HospitalOrlandoFloridaUSA Anesthesiology University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA

Objective Pectus excavatum is a congenital deformity characterized by a caved-in chest *** requires *** less invasive Nuss procedure is very successful,but postoperative pain management is challenging and *** pain management techniques to reduce opioid reliance include the erector spinae plane(EsP)*** retrospectively examined opioid consumption after Nuss procedure comparing three pain management techniques:EsP block,thoracic epidural(TE),and patient-controlled analgesia(PCA).Methods This retrospective cohort study compared pain management outcomes of three patient ***-eight subjects aged 10–18 years underwent Nuss procedure at our institution between January 2014 and January *** primary outcome measure was opioid consumption measured in morphine milligram *** measures included pain ratings and length of stay(LOs).Pain was quantified using the Numeric Pain Rating *** of variance was performed on all outcome *** Average cumulative opioid use was significantly lower in the EsP block(67 mg)than the TE(117 mg)(p=0.0002)or the PCA group(172 mg)(p=0.0002).The EsP block and PCA groups both had a significantly shorter average LOs(3.3 and 3.7 days,respectively)than the TE group(4.7 days).EsP block performed best for reducing opioid consumption and *** opioid consumption is key for limiting side *** study supports use of EsP block as a superior choice when choosing among the three postoperative pain management options that were *** EsP resulted in reduced opioid consumption postoperatively and shorter LOs than TE or PCA for patients undergoing the Nuss procedure for surgical repair of pectus excavatum.

关键词： shorter EsP comparison

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Pathogenicity of Vibrios in Fish: an Overview

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Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao 2003年第2期2卷 117-128页

作者： norman Y.s.Woo Department of Biology The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinN.T.Hong Kong SARP.R.China

Bacteria of the genus Vibrio are ubiquitously distributed in the marine environment. Due to the rapid expansion of intensive mariculture and the consequent deterioration of culture conditions, more and more Vibrio spp. have been recognized as pathogenic agents in outbreaks of vibriosis, a serious epizootic disease affecting most wild and farmed fish species worldwide, which has become the most important limiting factor for the development of intensive mariculture industry. Attempts have been made to understand the pathogenicity of vibrios in host fish with the ultimate aim of elucidating the best means for disease control. After an extensive literature survey of the recent advances in the field of fish vibriosis, the pathological changes, virulence factors and associated potential pathogenic mechanisms, transmission routes and related environmental factors involved in outbreak of vibriosis, as well as the controlling strategies are reviewed in the present paper.

关键词：病原性弧菌海洋生物养殖业细菌

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Metabolomic studies in the inborn error of metabolism alkaptonuria reveal new biotransformations in tyrosine metabolism

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 1129-1142页

作者： Brendan P.norman Andrew s.Davison Juliette H.Hughes Hazel sutherland Peter J.M.Wilson Neil G.Berry Andrew T.Hughes Anna M.Milan Jonathan C.Jarvis norman B.Roberts Lakshminarayan R.Ranganath George Bou-Gharios James A.Gallagher Institute of Life Course and Medical sciences University of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL78TXUK Department of Clinical Biochemistry&Metabolic Medicine Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalPrescot StreetLiverpoolL78XPUK school of sport&Exercise sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityTom Reilly BuildingByrom StreetLiverpoolL33AFUK Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL697ZDUK

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by lack of active enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). The primary consequence of HGD deficiency is increased circulating homogentisic acid (HGA), the main agent in the pathology of AKU disease. Here we report the first metabolomic analysis of AKU homozygous Hgd knockout (Hgd−/−) mice to model the wider metabolic effects of Hgd deletion and the implication for AKU in humans. Untargeted metabolic profiling was performed on urine from Hgd−/− AKU (n = 15) and Hgd+/− non-AKU control (n = 14) mice by liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Experiment 1). The metabolites showing alteration in Hgd−/− were further investigated in AKU mice (n = 18) and patients from the UK National AKU Centre (n = 25) at baseline and after treatment with the HGA-lowering agent nitisinone (Experiment 2). A metabolic flux experiment was carried out after administration of 13C-labelled HGA to Hgd−/−(n = 4) and Hgd+/−(n = 4) mice (Experiment 3) to confirm direct association with HGA. Hgd−/− mice showed the expected increase in HGA, together with unexpected alterations in tyrosine, purine and TCA-cycle pathways. Metabolites with the greatest abundance increases in Hgd−/− were HGA and previously unreported sulfate and glucuronide HGA conjugates, these were decreased in mice and patients on nitisinone and shown to be products from HGA by the 13C-labelled HGA tracer. Our findings reveal that increased HGA in AKU undergoes further metabolism by mainly phase II biotransformations. The data advance our understanding of overall tyrosine metabolism, demonstrating how specific metabolic conditions can elucidate hitherto undiscovered pathways in biochemistry and metabolism.

关键词： Alkaptonuria Biotransformation Metabolism Metabolomics Mice

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Control systems engineering / 4th ed.

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2004年

作者： Nise norman s.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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AN ANALYsIs oF THE sHEAR FAILURE OF RIGID-LINEAR HARDENING BEAMs UNDER IMPULsIVE LOADING

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Acta Mechanica sinica 1996年第4期12卷 338-348页

作者：王礼立 norman Jones Ningbo University Ningbo 315211China and also University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Impact Research Centre Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Liverpool.P.O.Box 147Liverpool L69 3BXU.K.

A theoretical rigid-plastic analysis for the dynamic shear failure of beams under impulsive loading is presented when using a travelling plastic shear hinge model which tabes into account material strain hardening. The maximum dynamic shear strain and shear strain-rate can be predicted in addition to the permanent transverse deflections and other parameters. The conditions for the three modes of shear failure, i.e., excess deflection failure, excess shear strain failure and adiabatic shear failure are analyzed. The special case of an infinitesimally small plastic zone is discussed and compared with Nonaka's solution for a rigid, perfectly plastic material. The results can also be generalized to examine the dynamic response of fibre-reinforced beams.

关键词： shear failure rigid-linear hardening plastic beam dynamic response impulsive loading adiabatic shear

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Four-wave mixing in 1.3 μm epitaxial quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon

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Photonics Research 2022年第5期10卷 1264-1270页

作者： JIANAN DUAN BOZHANG DONG WENG W.CHOW HEMING HUANG sHIHAO DING sONGTAO LIU JUsTIN C.norman JOHN E.BOWERs FREDEIC GRILLOT LTCI Telecom ParisInstitut Polytechnique de Pahs91120 PalaiseauFrance sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87185USA Institute for Energy Efficiency University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Center for High Technology Materials University of New-MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87106USA state Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology School of Electronic and Information EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Ayar Labs Santa ClaraCalifornia 95054USA Quintessent Inc.GoletaCalifornia 93117USA

This work compares the four-wave mixing(FWM)effect in epitaxial quantum dot(QD)lasers grown on silicon with quantum well(QW)lasers.A comparison of theory and experiment results shows that the measured FWM coefficient is in good agreement with theoretical *** gain in signal power is higher for p-doped QD lasers than for undoped lasers,despite the same FWM *** to the near-zero linewidth enhancement factor,QD lasers exhibit FWM coefficients and conversion efficiency that are more than one order of magnitude higher than those of QW ***,this leads to self-mode locking in QD *** findings are useful for developing on-chip sources for photonic integrated circuits on silicon.

关键词： lasers quantum mixing

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short-term nitisinone discontinuation of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 mice causes metabolic alterations in glutathione metabolism/biosynthesis and multiple amino acid degradation pathways

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第5期10卷 1759-1762页

作者： Colemonts-Vroninks Haaike norman P.Brendan Van Laere sven Davison s.Andrew Marcélis Lionel Casimir Georges Goyens Philippe Claes Paul De Bundel Dimitri Martens Geert Ranganath Lakshminarayan Rao Vanhaecke Tamara Gallagher James A De Kock Joery Vrije Universiteit Brussel Liver Therapy&Evolution TeamIn Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology(IVTD)Research GroupFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyLaarbeeklaan 103Brussels B-1090Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Experimental Pharmacology(EFAR)Research GroupFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyLaarbeeklaan 103Brussels B-1090Belgium University of Liverpool Dept.of Musculoskeletal&Ageing ScienceInstitute of Life Course&Medical SciencesLiverpool L78TXUnited Kingdom Vrije Universiteit Brussel Interfaculty Center Data Processing and StatisticsFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyLaarbeeklaan 103Brussels B-1090Belgium Liverpool University Hospitals NHs Foundation Trust Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic MedicineLiverpool L35PSUnited Kingdom UniversitéLibre de Bruxelles Laboratoire de PédiatrieBrussels B-1050Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel In Vitro Liver Disease Modelling TeamIn Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology(IVTD)Research GroupFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyLaarbeeklaan 103Brussels B-1090Belgium AZ Delta General Hospital Department of Laboratory MedicineRoeselare 8800Belgium Ghent University Department of Biomolecular MedicineGhent 9052Belgium

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1(HT1)is a life-threatening disease caused by the patient's inability to break down tyrosine due to loss-of-function mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase(FAH)enzyme(Fig.s1).Currently,the only available life-saving treatment is nitisinone(NTBC).However,nitisinone therapy comes with debilitating side effects and requires a strict drug regime combined with a tyrosine-and phenylalanine-restricted ***,therapy adherence is often experienced as an additional *** this study,transcriptional profiling was conducted parallel to high-resolution metabolomics on,respectively,liver tissue and serum samples of Fah-deficient *** experimental workflow of our study is shown in Figure *** pathway analyses showed manifest activation of the NRF2-stress response,associated with hepatocellular damage and mainly driven by a markedly increased oxidative *** altered canonical pathways were primarily a downstream consequence of the ***,we observed an overall aminoacidemia and changes related to aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,which postulates that short-term nitisinone discontinuation can already put the patient at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma ***,we did not only identify changes in numerous pathways,directly and indirectly,related to the metabolism of tyrosine and glutathione but also the presence of“side-chain”metabolites,such as y-glutamyl-and N-acetyl-coupled amino acids,indicating that non-directly related pathways like phase II biotransformation reactions are also affected.

关键词： continuation Figure hereditary

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