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An experim.ntal test of whether pied flycatchers choose the best territory for rearing the young

Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 604-613页

作者： Elina m.NTYLA Paivi m. SIRKIA Tero KLEm.LA Toni LAAKSONEN Section of Ecology Department of Biology University of Turku FI-20014 Turku Finland Institute of Biology Freie Universitat Berlin Haderslebener Str. 9 DE- 12163 Berlin Germany

It is often assum.d that birds are able to choose a breeding territory that will later on have the m.st food for nestlings. Studies on this essential question are, however, few. We studied territory choice of a long-distance m.grant, the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in southwestern Finland. In one study area, we m.nitored the territory choice of m.les via the order of territory settlem.nt. Fem.le territory choice was studied experim.ntally in another study area where the correlation between m.le and territory quality was rem.ved by not allowing m.les a free choice of territory. We defined several habitat characteristics and es- tim.ted the abundances of invertebrate prey from.air, ground and trees with appropriate traps from.the surroundings of the nest sites in both study areas. Against the expectation that parent birds would choose an arthropod-rich territory, neither m.les nor fem.les seem.d to choose those territories that later had the m.st food for nestlings. There was, however, som. evidence that m.re eggs were laid in territories with m.re aphids and that m.re fledglings were produced in territories with high ant abundance. Our findings thus suggest that while it would be beneficial for birds to be able to choose food-rich territories, they m.y not be able to detect the right cues for doing so early in the breeding season. The possibility and im.ortance of detecting the territories with the best prospects of rearing young m.y, however, vary am.ng and within seasons and m.re studies on this topic are clearly needed [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 604-613, 2015].

关键词： Avian breeding Food availability Habitat choice Laying date Life history Nestling condition

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Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project： The Challenges of Constructing a Power Tunnel for Run-of-River Hydro Projects in m.untainous British Colum.ia

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Engineering 2018年第2期4卷 96-102页

作者： Nichole Boultbee Oliver Robson Serge m.alli rich Hum.hries Colder Associates Ltd. Squamish British Columbia VSB OB4 Canada Innergex Renewable Energy Inc. Vancouver British Columbia VCE 4E6 Canada EBC Inc. North Vancouver British Columbia V7L OBS Canada

The Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project （ULHP） is a run-of-river power generation schem. located near Pem.erton, British Colum.ia, Canada, consisting of two separate hydroelectric facilities （HEFs） with a com.ined capacity of 106.7 m.. These HEFs are owned by the Upper Lillooet River Power Lim.ted Partnership and the Boulder Creek Power Lim.ted Partnership, and civil and tunnel construction was com.leted by CRT-ebc. The Upper Lillooet River HEF includes the excavation ofa 6 m.wide by 5.5 m.high and approxim.tely 2500 m.long tunnel along the Upper Lillooet River Valley. The project is in a m.un- tainous area; severe restrictions im.osed by weather conditions and the presence of sensitive wildlife species constrained the site operations in order to lim.t environm.ntal im.acts. The site is adjacent to the m.unt m.ager Volcanic Com.lex, the m.st recently active volcano in Western Canada. Tunneling conditions were very challenging, including a section through deposits associated with the m.st recent eruption from.m.unt m.ager Volcanic Com.lex （-2360 years before the present）. This tunnel section included welded breccia and unconsolidated deposits com.osed of loose pum.ce, organics （that represent an old forest floor）, and till, before entering the underlying tonalite bedrock. The construction of this section of the tunnel required cover grouting, um.rella support, and excavation with a com.ination of road header, hydraulic ham.er, and drilling-and-blasting m.thod. This paper provides an overview of the project, a sum.ary of the key design and construction schedule challenges, and a description of the successful excavation of the tunnel through deposits associated with the recent volcanic activity.

关键词： Run-of-river hydro project Power tunnel Um.rella support Canopy tubes Volcanic depositsPum.ceRoadheader Environm.ntal constraints

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Geochem.stry of lam.rophyres associated with uranium.m.neralization, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

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Chinese Journal Of Geochem.stry 2007年第4期26卷 356-365页

作者： m.ham.d E. Ibrahim.m.ham.d m. El-Tokhi Gehad m. Saleh m.m.ouh A. Hassan m.ham.d A. Rashed Nuclear m.terials Authority P. O. Box 530 El Maadi Cairo Egypt Geology Deprtm.nt Faculty of Science United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates

Two brecciated shear zones (NNW-SSE) are found crosscutting cataclastic rocks. The cataclastic rocks (3.0 km.) occupy the core of the granitic pluton and enclose a roof pendant of m.fic-ultram.fic rocks. The NNW-SSE-extending lam.rophyre dykes vary in thickness from.0.5 m.to 1 m.and up to 800 m.long, cutting the cataclastic rocks and are com.osed m.inly of plagioclases, am.hiboles, relics of pyroxenes and K-feldspar phenocrysts em.edded in fine-grained groundm.ss. They are characterized as being peralum.nous, calc-alkaline in com.osition (chem.cal trap) and enriched in calcite, sulfide and P2O5. The lam.rophyres were affected by hydrotherm.l alteration (chlorite-carbonate alteration) while the cataclastic rocks were affected by diagenetic alteration (K-feldspar-albite alteration). Uranium.m.neralization is the product of hydrotherm.l events and has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and environm.ntal scanning electron m.croscopy (ESEm., involving prim.ry uranium.m.nerals (U3O8) and secondary uranium.m.nerals (uranophane and beta-uranophane, kasolite, torbernite, autonite and m.ta-autonite) in addition to U- bearing m.nerals (astrocyanite, betafite and fergusonite). The presence of different m.neral parageneses associated with clay m.nerals indicates that the lam.rophyres were subjected to acidic and alkaline m.neralizing solutions. m.reover, the U-Zr/U, U-Ce/U values show negative correlations, confirm.ng U-enrichm.nt in both cataclastic rocks and shear zones while the Th-eU/eTh, Th-Zr/Th and Th-Ce/Th values show negative correlations, indicating that the U-bearing solutions are rich in Th in the cataclastic rocks only.

关键词：碎裂岩石剪切区域煌斑岩热液蚀变埃及西南地区沙漠地带

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Calculation of Corrosion Rates by Extended Linear Polarization

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北京大学学报(自然科学版) 1987年第2期 40-47页

作者： Alfred Viehbeck,norman Hackerm.n,S.m.Wilhelm Departm.nt of Chem.stry Rice University Houston Texas Departm.nt of Chem.stry Rice University Houston Texas Batteue Houston Research Center Houston Texas

A sim.le calculation m.thod of corrosion rates using program.able calculators was reported. The results obtained agree quite well with the results of other author using different m.thod,

关键词： Polarization program.able agree iterative fitting iteration 线性极化法 expand 巫玉腐蚀速度

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Optim.zation of m.celial growth of Xylaria papulis Lloyd(Xylariaceae)in indigenous liquid culture conditions,science city of m.ñoz,Nueva Ecija,Philippines

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Studies in Fungi 2022年第1期7卷 176-182页

作者： m.rk Kevin S.Lopez Sofronio P.Kalaw rich m.lton R.Dulay Angeles m.De Leon Renato G.Reyes Biology Departm.nt College of Arts and SciencesDon Mariano Marcos Memorial State University–North La Union Campus/SapilangBacnotanLa Union Philippines 2515 Center for Tropical m.shroom.Research and Developm.nt Department of Biological SciencesCollege of ScienceCentral Luzon State University/Science City of MuñozNueva EcijaPhilippines 3120

The search for potential and inexhaustible sources of bioactive com.ounds with great functional activities is im.erative for potential drug leads in treating various hum.n *** this regard,this study investigated the optim.m.liquid m.dium.and physical culture conditions for the m.celial growth of *** Lloyd for nutraceutical *** greatest m.celial biom.ss was achieved in PSB liquid m.dium.am.ng the indigenous m.dia evaluated,such as potato sucrose broth(PSB),corn m.al broth(Cm.),rice bran broth(RBB),and coconut water(CW).In term. of pH,*** Lloyd was observed to grow in a wide range of pH(5.0−8.5),but the best m.celial growth was observed at pH *** tem.erature of 28℃,lighted(137 lux),and static conditions were the other optim.m.physical culture conditions for m.celial growth of *** Lloyd.

关键词： culture liquid optim.m

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Continuous applications of biochar to rice: Effects on grain yield and yield attributes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第3期18卷 563-570页

作者： HUANG m.n FAN Long JIANG Li-geng YANG Shu-ying ZOU Ying-bin norman Uphoff Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops(CICGO) Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128P.R.China International Program.-College of Agriculture and Life Sciences(IP-CALS) Cornell UniversityIthaca 14853USA Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farm.ng System Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004P.R.China

Biochar is considered as a beneficial soil am.ndm.nt for crop production. However, lim.ted inform.tion is available on the effects of continuous applications of biochar on rice. In this study, a fixed field experim.nt was conducted in the early and late rice-growing seasons from.2015 to 2017. Grain yield and yield attributes with a widely-grown rice cultivar Zhongzao 39 were com.ared, with and without applications of biochar in each season. The results showed that grain yield initially decreased with biochar applications in the first three seasons due to decreases in grain weight and harvest index. Although there were further relative decreases in grain weight and harvest index for rice that was supplied with biochar in the fourth to sixth seasons, grain yield was increased(by 4–10%) because of increases in sink size(spikelets per m.) and total biom.ss. The increased sink size in rice whose soil had been supplied with biochar in the fourth to sixth seasons was achieved by increasing panicle size(spikelets per panicle) or num.er of panicles, or both. Our study suggests that the positive effects of biochar application on rice yield and yield attributes depend on the duration of biochar application. Further investigations are needed to determ.ne what are the soil and physiological processes for producing yield responses associated with ongoing applications of biochar. Also, it should be evaluated the perform.nce of biochar application com.ined with other m.nagem.nt practices, especially those can increase the grain weight and harvest index in rice production.

关键词： biochar grain yield rice yield attributes

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Speciation with gene flow via cycles of isolation and m.gration:insights from.m.ltiple m.ngrove taxa

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 275-288页

作者： Ziwen He Xinnian Li m.ng Yang Xinfeng Wang Cairong Zhong norman C.Duke Chung-I Wu Suhua Shi State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesSchool of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago CAS Key Laboratory of Genom. Sciences and Inform.tion Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciences Hainan Dongzhai Harbor National Nature Reserve Adm.nistration Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem.Research James Cook University

Allopatric speciation requiring an unbroken period of geographical isolation has been the standard m.del of neo-Darwinism. While doubts have been repeatedly raised, strict allopatry without any gene flow rem.ins a plausible m.chanism.in m.st cases. To rigorously reject strict allopatry, genom.c sequences superim.osed on the geological records of a well-delineated geographical barrier are necessary. The Strait of m.lacca,narrowly connecting the Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts, serves at different tim.s either as a geographical barrier or a conduit of gene flow for coastal/m.rine species. We surveyed 1700 plants from.29 populations of 5 com.on m.ngrove species by large-scale DNA sequencing and added several whole-genom. assem.lies. Speciation between the two oceans is driven by cycles of isolation and gene flow due to the fluctuations in sea level leading to the opening/closing of the Strait to ocean currents. Because the tim. required for speciation in m.ngroves is longer than the isolation phases, speciation in these m.ngroves has proceeded through m.ny cycles of m.xing-isolation-m.xing, or m.m. cycles. The m.m.m.chanism. by relaxing the condition of no gene flow, can prom.te speciation in m.ny m.re geographical features than strict allopatry can. Finally, the m.m.m.chanism.of speciation is also efficient, potentially yielding m.(m.> 1) species after n cycles.

关键词： speciation gene flow allopatry geographical isolation m.ngrove

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Sem.autom.ted 3D Root Segm.ntation and Evaluation Based on X-Ray CT Im.gery

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Plant Phenom.cs 2021年第1期3卷 86-98页

作者： Stefan Gerth Joelle Claußen Anja Eggert Norbert Wörlein m.chael Waininger Thom.s Wittenberg norman Uhlm.nn Developm.nt Center X-Ray Technology(EZRT) Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems(IIS)Flugplatzstraße 7590768 FürthGermany Biom.dical Engineering Departm.nt Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems(IIS)Am Wolfsmantel 331191058 ErlangenGermany

*** X-ray tom.graphy(CTX)is a high-end nondestructive approach for the visual assessm.nt of root architecture in ***,in order to evaluate high-resolution CTX data of root architectures,m.nual segm.ntation of the depicted root system. from.large-scale volum. data is currently necessary,which is both tim. consum.ng and error *** duration of such a segm.ntation is of im.ortance,especially for tim.-resolved growth analysis,where several instances of a plant need to be segm.nted and ***,in our application,the contrast between soil and root data varies due to different growth stages and watering situations at the tim. of ***,the root system.itself is expanding in length and in the diam.ter of individual *** sem.autom.ted and robust root system.segm.ntation from.CTX data,we propose the RootForce approach,which is an extension of Frangi’s“m.lti-scale vesselness”m.thod and integrates a 3D local *** allows a precise delineation of roots with diam.ters down to severalμm.in pots with varying ***,RootForce is not lim.ted to the segm.ntation of sm.ll below-ground organs,but is also able to handle storage roots with a diam.ter larger than 40 *** CTX volum. data of full-grown bean plants as well as tim.-resolved(3D+tim.)growth studies of cassava plants,RootForce produces sim.lar(and m.ch faster)results com.ared to m.nual segm.ntation of the regarded root ***,RootForce enables the user to obtain traits not possible to be calculated before,such as total root volum.(Vroot),total root length(Lroot),root volum. over depth,root growth angles(θm.n,θm.an,andθm.x),root surrounding soil density Dsoil,or form.fraction *** proposed RootForce tool can provide a higher efficiency for the sem.autom.tic high-throughput assessm.nt of the root architectures of different types of plants from.large-scale ***,for all datasets

关键词： autom.ted handle Root

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Golgi protein-73:A biom.rker for assessing cirrhosis and prognosis of liver disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第34期26卷 5130-5145页

作者： Nikolaos K Gatselis Tam.s Tornai Zakera Shum. Kalliopi Zachou Asterios Saitis Stella Gabeta Roger Albesa Gary L norman m.ria Papp George N Dalekos Departm.nt of m.dicine and Research Laboratory of Internal m.dicine National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver DiseasesGeneral University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece Institute of Internal m.dicine and Hepatology Larissa 41447Greece Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of DebrecenFaculty of MedicineDebrecen H-4032Hungary Departm.nt of Research and Developm.nt Inova DiagnosticsInc.San DiegoCA 92131United States

BACKGROUND Reliable biom.rkers of cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinom.(HCC),or progression of chronic liver diseases are *** this context,Golgi protein-73(GP73)also called Golgi phosphoprotein-2,was originally defined as a resident Golgi type II transm.m.rane protein expressed in epithelial *** a result,GP73 expression was found prim.rily in biliary epithelial cells,with only slight detection in ***,in patients with acute or chronic liver diseases and especially in HCC,the expression of GP73 is significantly up-regulated in *** far,few studies have assessed GP73 as a diagnostic or prognostic m.rker of liver fibrosis and disease *** To assess serum.GP73 efficacy as a diagnostic m.rker of cirrhosis and/or HCC or as predictor of liver disease *** GP73 serum.levels were retrospectively determ.ned by a novel GP73 ELISA(QUANTA Lite®GP73,Inova Diagnostics,Inc.,Research Use Only)in a large cohort of 632 consecutive patients with chronic viral and non-viral liver diseases collected from.two tertiary Academ.c centers in Larissa,Greece(n=366)and Debrecen,Hungary(n=266).Aspartate am.notransferase(AST)/Platelets(PLT)ratio index(APRI)was also calculated at the relevant tim. points in all *** hundred and three patients had chronic hepatitis B,183 chronic hepatitis C,198 alcoholic liver disease,28 autoim.une cholestatic liver diseases,15 autoim.une hepatitis,and 5 with other liver-related *** duration of follow-up was 50(57)m.[m.dian(interquartile range)].The developm.nt of cirrhosis,liver decom.ensation and/or HCC during follow-up were assessed according to internationally accepted *** particular,the surveillance for the developm.nt of HCC was perform.d regularly with ultrasound im.ging and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)determ.nation every 6 m. in cirrhotic and every 12 m. in non-cirrhotic *** Increased serum.levels of GP73(>20 units)were detected at initial evaluation in 277 out of

关键词： Biom.rker Golgi protein-73 Hepatic fibrosis Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinom. Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Aspartate am.notransferase/Platelets ratio index score

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Characterization of a 3-Phase a.c. Free Burning Arc Plasm.

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2006年第2期8卷 156-163页

作者：夏维东 Laurent FULCHERI Jose GONZALEZ-AGUILAR 李辉 Thom.s m. GRUENBERGER University of Science" and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China. Centre for Energy Studies Ecole des Mines de Paris Rue Claude Daunesse F-06904 Sophia Antipolis France University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China.

A 3-phase a.c. arc plasm. reactor with large volum. plasm. has been developed for the synthesis of new carbon nano-structures. One of the m.in characteristics of the plasm. system.is related to the absence of a fixed neutral point. This gives rise to a rich and com.lex phenom.nology related to instabilities and arc m.tion since the arcs are ＂burning＂ freely in the gas flow between the three electrodes. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the behavior of such a system.under typical conditions using argon and nitrogen as plasm. gases. A classification of are configuration, arc com.utating, arc interaction, arc m.tion and arc instabilities are discussed based on ultra high-speed cine cam.ra analysis. A sim.le m.del describing the tim. evolution of the system.is also presented and com.ared with the experim.ntal m.asurem.nts. The results show that an adequate control could allow the im.rovem.nt of the overall system.

关键词： 3-phase AC arc plasm. free arc arc m.tion arc com.utating arc instabilities

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