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Feasibility of the Routine Clinical Use of a Multiplex Virus Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Based on Blood Virus Detection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Transplanted Patients

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第2期13卷 67-81页

作者： Hiroko Tsunemine Miho Sasaki Yuriko Zushi Toshiharu Saitoh norio shimizu Yasuhiro Tomaru Yumi Aoyama Ryusuke Yamamoto Tomomi Sakai Nobuyoshi Arima Taiichi Kodaka Takayuki Takahashi Departments of Hematology Shinko Hospital Kobe Japan Cell Therapy Shinko Hospital Kobe Japan Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan Akasaka Hematology & Oncology Clinic Kobe Japan

Background: Multiplex virus assays are useful in immunocompromised hosts but still challenging in routine clinical settings in terms of their sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and time and cost performances. In recent years, we developed a qualitative multiplex virus PCR assay capable of the simultaneous detection of 13 virus species within 3 h. However, because of the multiple and concomitant nature of this virus assay, it should be validated for qualitative reliability. Materials and Methods: As a preclinical examination, this multiplex PCR was able to detect 1.25 × 103 copies/mL of 13 synthesized virus genomes and preserved same virus DNAs by the serial dilution method. Blood samples from 40 patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were then examined by multiplex PCR for 13 virus species, followed by quantitative real-time PCR for all 13 virus species as reference PCR when these patients developed symptoms suggestive of viral infection. Results: In 421 cumulative qualitative-quantitative tests, the multiplex PCR certainly detected 1.0 × 103 copies/mL of 5 viruses (CMV, JCV, BKV, HHV-6, ADV) that were frequently detected and thus reasonably analyzed. The positive and negative predictive values of multiplex PCR were 84.2% - 93.3% and 90.7% - 99.0%, respectively, and sensitivity and specificity were 59.0% - 83.3% and 97.2% - 99.2%, respectively, for these 5 viruses. Conclusion: From these performances, the multiplex PCR assay may be acceptable in a routine clinical laboratory setting.

关键词： Multiplex Virus PCR Assay Routine Laboratory Use Positive Predictive Value Negative Predictive Value Sensitivity Specificity

Study on the flow structure around discontinued vertically layered vegetation in an open channel

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第3期32卷 454-467页

作者： Naveed Anjum norio Tanakia Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama UniversitySaitama-shiJapan International Institute for Resilient Society Saitama UniversitySaitama-shiJapan

The flow structure and geomorphology of rivers are significantly affected by vegetation patterns. In the present study, the effect of vegetation in the form of discontinuous and vertically double layered patches particularly on the resulting flow turbulence was examined computationally in an open channel. A k-ɛ model was implemented in this research work which was developed using 3-D numerical code FLUENT (ANSYS). After the validation process of numerical model, the impact of discontinuous layered vegetation patches on the flow turbulence was investigated against varying vegetation density and patch length. The mean stream-wise velocities at specified positions showed larger spatial fluctuations directly upstream and downstream of vegetation elements, whereas sharp inflections in the profiles were witnessed at the top of smaller submerged elements i.e. z/hs= 1 (where z is the flow depth and hs is the smaller vegetation height). The reduction in flow velocity due to tall vegetation structure was more as compared with that of short vegetation. The mean velocity in the patch regions was visibly higher than that in the gap regions. The profiles of turbulent flow properties showed more rise and fall within the patches with a high vegetation density i.e. Ss/d= 4;and St/d= 8 (where Ss/d and St/d are the smaller and taller vegetation spacing, while d is the vegetation diameter) as compared with low vegetation density i.e. Ss/d= 8;and St/d= 16. The turbulent flow structure in the large patch and gap regions was found to be more stable than that in the small patches and gaps;whereas, due to the variation in distribution form of the patch, turbulence is relatively unaffected, and the flow structure variation is low. Turbulence was observed to be large, followed by a saw-tooth distribution within the patches;whereas, low turbulence is observed in the non-vegetation regions. The turbulent intensity acquired maximum of 13% turbulence for dense vegetation arrangement as compared t

关键词： Discontinuous and layered vegetation patches open channel flow numerical simulation mean flow velocity turbulence modeling flow characteristics

Adaptive Process for SMART Community Governance under Persistent Disruptive Risks

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 454-463页

作者： norio Okada Institute of Disaster Area Revitalization Regrowth and Governance Kwansei Gakuin University

This article addresses the increasing need for participatory approaches to disaster reduction at the community level. Based on the author's 30-year engagement in the mountainous community Chizu Town, Tottori Prefecture, Japan, a unique participatory approach called ‘‘Zeroto-One Movement'' has been strategically studied. The study areas are found to have adaptively increased their coping capacity. Their unique participatory process is shown to be an adaptive process for SMART community governance under persistent disruptive risks—‘‘S'' represents small-sized and survivability-minded, ‘‘M'' modestscale and multiple-stakeholder involved, ‘‘A'' anticipatory and adaptive, ‘‘R'' risk-concerned and responsive, and ‘‘T''is transformative. Finally, the Case Station-Field Campus scheme is proposed to serve as a platform for studying the adaptive processes over a long period of time.

关键词： Case Station-Field Campus scheme Japan Persistent disruptive risks SMART governance Zero-to-One movement

Numerical investigation of velocity distribution of turbulent flow through vertically double-layered vegetation

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Water Science and Engineering 2019年第4期12卷 319-329页

作者： Naveed Anjum norio Tanaka Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama UniversitySaitama 338-8570Japan International Institute for Resilient Society Saitama UniversitySaitama 338-8570Japan

The velocity structures of flow through vertically double-layered vegetation(VDLV)as well as single-layered rigid vegetation(SLV)were investigated computationally with a three-dimensional(3D)Reynolds stress turbulence model,using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)code *** detailed velocity distribution was explored with a varying initial Froude number(Fr),with consideration of the steady subcritical flow conditions of an inland *** VDLV flows,the numerical model successfully captured the inflection point in the profiles of mean streamwise velocities in the mixing-layer region around the top of short submerged *** upward and downward movement of flow occurred at the positions located just behind the tall and short vegetation,***,higher streamwise velocities were observed in the upper vegetation layer due to high porosity,with Pr=98%(sparse vegetation,where Pr is the porosity),as compared to those in the lower vegetation layer,which had comparatively low porosity,with Pr=91%(dense vegetation).A rising trend of velocities was found as the flow passed through the vegetation region,followed by a clear sawtooth distribution,as compared to the regions just upstream and downstream of vegetation where the flow was almost *** VDLV flows,a rising trend in the flow resistance was observed with the increase in the initial Froude number,i.e.,Fr?0.67,0.70,and ***,the flow resistance in the case of SLV was relatively very *** numerical results also show the flow structures within the vicinity of short and tall vegetation,which are difficult to attain through experimental measurements.

关键词： Vertically double-layered vegetation Single-layered rigid vegetation Numerical modeling FLUENT Velocity distribution Turbulent flow

Origins of building blocks of life: A review

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1117-1153页

作者： norio Kitadai Shigenori Maruyama Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology

How and where did life on Earth originate？ To date, various environments have been proposed as plausible sites for the origin of life. However, discussions have focused on a limited stage of chemical evolution, or emergence of a specific chemical function of proto-biological systems. It remains unclear what geochemical situations could drive all the stages of chemical evolution, ranging from condensation of simple inorganic compounds to the emergence of self-sustaining systems that were evolvable into modern biological ones. In this review, we summarize reported experimental and theoretical findings for prebiotic chemistry relevant to this topic, including availability of biologically essential elements（N and P） on the Hadean Earth, abiotic synthesis of life＇s building blocks（amino acids, peptides, ribose, nucleobases, fatty acids, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides）, their polymerizations to bio-macromolecules（peptides and oligonucleotides）, and emergence of biological functions of replication and compartmentalization. It is indicated from the overviews that completion of the chemical evolution requires at least eight reaction conditions of（1） reductive gas phase,（2） alkaline pH,（3） freezing temperature,（4）fresh water,（5） dry/dry-wet cycle,（6） coupling with high energy reactions,（7） heating-cooling cycle in water, and（8） extraterrestrial input of life＇s building blocks and reactive nutrients. The necessity of these mutually exclusive conditions clearly indicates that life＇s origin did not occur at a single setting; rather, it required highly diverse and dynamic environments that were connected with each other to allow intratransportation of reaction products and reactants through fluid circulation. Future experimental research that mimics the conditions of the proposed model are expected to provide further constraints on the processes and mechanisms for the origin of life.

关键词： Astrobiology Biochemistry Chemical evolution Extraterrestrial life Hadean Earth Hydrothermal systems

DISTRIBUTED WATER BALANCE WITH RIVER DYNAMIC-DIFFUSIVE FLOW ROUTING MODEL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第4期21卷 564-572页

作者： HASSAN Ahmed norio Tanaka NOBUYUKI Tamai Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Graduate School Kanazawa Gakuin University

This article focuses on the application of coupling both river dynamic and river diffusive modeling techniques that can be used with distributed water balance model. In an upstream watershed, both overland and river diffusive flows are routed by diffusive wave approximation of the free surface flow equations. In river downstream reaches, the river dynamic flow is routed by one-dimensional dynamic wave equations （full dynamic St. Venant equations with lateral flow）. The developed model is applied in a part of Arakawa River basin, Kanto area, Japan. The geographic data of river cross sections could be accurately represented by an 11-point cross-section approximation. The effects of both the grid size and lateral flow on the simulated results of the river dynamic flow model were studied. The grid size should be greater than the average width of the river cross-sections. The lateral flow from small drainage systems has significant effects on the simulated results using the river dynamic flow model. The simulated results show good and acceptable agreements with the observed flow discharges and water depths. Both the river discharge and water depth at any location of river network of compound channels with one/two complex floodplains could be correctly estimated.

关键词： diffusive model dynamic model natural compound channels floodplains

EFFECTS OF UNDERSCOUR DEPTH AND HORIZONTAL SPACING BETWEEN TWO BED PROTECTION BLOCKS ON STABILITY OF FRONTAL BLOCK

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012年第4期24卷 579-588页

作者： SHAH Prem TANAKA norio YAGISAWA Junji Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Sakura-ku Saitama-shi Saitama Japan

The stability of a river-bed protection block in a flood event is affected by underscouring of the block. The effects of block spacing on block stability were investigated in different underscour conditions. Three blocks were placed at the bottom in a flume, and the underscour depth of the frontal block and distance between the first and second blocks were changed. Drag and lift forces were measured directly in each experimental condition. Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV） was used to visualize the flow and eva- luate the streamline pattern. Pressure measurements around the block to understand the pressure distribution show that the pressure distribution on the rear and bottom surfaces of the block is significantly affected by changes in block spacing and underscour depth. The experimental results show that for the same underscour gap, lift, and drag coefficients decreased with increasing space between the two blocks. In addition, if the underscour gap is increased with the same horizontal spacing, the lift coefficient increases and drag coefficient decreases. These results demonstrate that wider spacing enhance stability of the frontal block in the underscour condition. Moreover, analysis of block stability with changing underscouring and horizontal spacing shows that bed protection blocks seem to have more stability when the gap between two bed protection blocks was equal to height of the blocks.

关键词： bed protection block stability underscouring Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

Involvement of Siglec-15 in regulating RAP1/RAC signaling in cytoskeletal remodeling in osteoclasts mediated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor

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Bone Research 2024年第3期12卷 571-581页

作者： Hideyuki Kobayashi M.Alaa Terkawi Masahiro Ota Tomoka Hasegawa Tomomaya Yamamoto Tomohiro shimizu Dai Sato Ryo Fujita Toshifumi Murakami norio Amizuka Norimasa Iwasaki Masahiko Takahata Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8638Japan Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Dokkyo Medical UniversityMibu Shimotsuga 321-0293Japan

DNAX-associated protein 12 kD size(DAP12)is a dominant immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif(ITAM)-signaling adaptor that activates costimulatory signals essential for *** several DAP12-associated receptors(DARs)have been identified in osteoclasts,including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM-2),C-type lectin member 5 A(CLEC5A),and sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin(Siglec)-15,their precise role in the development of osteoclasts and bone remodeling remain poorly *** this study,mice deficient in Trem-2,Clec5a,Siglec-15 were generated.

关键词： remodeling osteoclast stimulating

Matrine promotes neural circuit remodeling to regulate motor function in a mouse model of chronic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 1961-1967页

作者： norio Tanabe Tomoharu Kuboyama Chihiro Tohda Division of Neuromedical Science Institute of Natural Medicine University of Toyama

In chronic phase of spinal cord injury, functional recovery is more untreatable compared with early intervention in acute phase of spinal cord injury. In the last decade, several combination therapies successfully improved motor dysfunction in chronic spinal cord injury. However, their effectiveness is not sufficient. We previously found a new effective compound for spinal cord injury, matrine, which induced axonal growth and functional recovery in acute spinal cord injury mice via direct activation of extracellular heat shock protein 90. Although our previous study clarified that matrine was an activator of extracellular heat shock protein 90, the potential of matrine for spinal cord injury in chronic phase has not been sufficiently evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether matrine ameliorates chronic spinal cord injury in mice. Once daily intragastric administration of matrine(100 μmol/kg per day) to spinal cord injury mice were starte at 28 days after injury, and continued for 154 days. Continuous mat rine treatment improved hindlimb motor function in chronic spinal cord injury mice. In injured spinal cords of the matrine-treated mice, the density of neurofilament-H-positive axons was increased. Moreover, matrine treatment increased the density of bassoon-positive presynapses in contact with choline acetyltransferase-positive motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord. These findings suggest that matrine promotes remodeling and reconnection of neural circuits to regulate hindlimb movement. All protocols were approved by the Committee for Animal Care and Use of the Sugitani Campus of the University of Toyama(approval No. A2013 INM-1 and A2016 INM-3) on May 7, 2013 and May 17, 2016, respectively.

关键词： matrine chronic spinal cord injury axonal growth synaptogenesis hindlimb locomotor presynapse immunohistochemistry Basso Mouse Scale Body Support Score Sophora flavescens