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Dietary Combination of Fish Oil and Hemoglobin Hydrolysates Alters Serum and Liver Lipid Contents in Rat

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 86-93页

作者： Kenji Fukunaga noriko Yukawa Ryota Hosomi Toshimasa nishiyama Munehiro Yoshida Department of Life Science and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University Suita Japan Department of Life Science and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University Suita Japan Department of Public Health Kansai Medical University Hirakata Japan. Division of Food Science and Nutrition Tottori College Kurayoshi Japan

Fish oil has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, and to reduce serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels by stimulating lipid oxidation and inhibiting lipogenesis in the liver. A small number of studies have demonstrated the synergistic effect of fish oil and other bioactive components. This study examined the effect of fish oil in combination with porcine hemoglobin (Hb) hydrolysates on serum and liver lipid contents in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups;one group was fed a casein and soybean oil-based semi-purified basal diet and other three groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% fish oil, 0.175% Hb hydrolysates, and 2% fish oil plus 0.175% Hb hydrolysates, respectively, for 4 weeks. The fish oil diet decreased serum and liver TAG contents but did not change serum and liver cholesterol levels. The dietary combination of fish oil and Hb hydrolysates decreased serum and liver TAG and cholesterol contents owing to the additive effect of both compounds, and this diet reduced the serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content as a result of a synergistic effect. This hypolipidemic effect was in part caused by enhanced excretion of fecal fatty acids, neutral steroids, and acidic steroids. The results of this study suggest that the combined intake of fish oil and Hb hydrolysates may play beneficial roles in the prevention of cardiovascular disease as compared with fish oil alone.

关键词： Fish Oil n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Hemoglobin Hydrolysates Lipid Metabolism

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A map of time in the precuneus revealed by speech stimuli

A map of time in the precuneus revealed by speech stimuli

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Long Tang Toshimitsu Takahashi Shigeru Kitazawa Tamami Shimada Masayuki Komachi noriko Imanishi Yuji nishiyama Takashi Iida Yukio Otsu Dynamic Brain Network Laboratory Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Center for Information and Neural Networks National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Faculty of Languages and Cultures Meikai University Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Shizuoka University Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology University of Tokyo Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies Keio University College of Humanities and Sciences Nihon University

Objective It remains elusive how the human brain distinguishes among the past, present and future. By analogy to a somatotopic map in the primary sensory cortex, we hypothesized that the human brain has a "map of time" where each of the past, present and future is represented. We tested the hypothesis by utilizing the tense in language. We used f MRI to compare brain activities while 18 participants listened to speech stimuli that referred to the past, present, or future. Methods We prepared 144 grammatical sentences that consisted of an adverb of time, an object, and a verb in the past or present form. The participants were asked to listen to each sentence in an MRI scanner. After MRI measurements, the participants were asked to rate the time that each sentence referred to by using a nine-point scale（1: the far past,..., 5: present,..., 9: far future）. Brain activations were compared by using SPM12, across the ‘Past’（1 to 4）, ‘Present’（5）, and ‘Future’（6 to 9） sentence groups. Results The bilateral precuneus was activated stronger in response to the ‘Present’, or to the ‘Future’ stimuli, as compared to the ‘Past’ stimuli（p ＜ 0.05, cluster-level FWE correction）. The region yielded by the ‘Present ＞ Past’ contrast was located in the posterior part of the precuneus, whereas the region yielded by the ‘Future ＞ Past’ contrast lied in the anterior part of the precuneus and extended to the posterior cingulate cortex. Conclusion The results suggest that the precuneus constitutes a part of the ‘map of time’.

关键词： mental time tense speech f MRI precuneus

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