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Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding

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World Journal of clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： Sandra Gabriela Sánchez-González Bárbara Gabriela cárdenas-del-castillo Elvira Garza-González Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas Isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix Montes-tapia Gerardo c Palacios-Saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Manuel Enrique de-la-O-cavazos Department of Pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Pediatric Surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BAcKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several *** milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and *** To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or *** An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital ***éEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from October 2017 to June *** samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding *** full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene *** variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric ***,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also *** No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the *** comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(Pcounts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(Pcteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most ***,no significant differences were

关键词： Gut microbiota Human milk Preterm infant Proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16S rRNA

PPIs are not associated with a lower incidence of portal-hypertension-related bleeding in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5869-5873页

作者： Mauricio Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia Francisco Sanchez-Avila norberto c.chavez-tapia Gustavo Lopez-Arce Sandra Garcia-Osogobio Roberto Ruiz-cordero Felix I Tellez-Avila Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiranMexico CityMexico Medica Sur clinic and Fundation Endoscopy Department Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador ZubiranMexico City14000Mexico

AIM:To determine if proton pump inhibitor use in cirrhotic patients with endoscopic findings of portal hypertension is associated with a lower frequency of gastrointestinal ***:Patients with cirrhosis and endoscopic findings related to portal hypertension,receiving or not receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy,were included *** assigned patients to two groups:group 1 patients underwent PPI therapy and group 2 patients did not undergo PPI ***:One hundred and five patients with a median age of 58 (26-87) years were included,57 (54.3%) of which were *** varices were found in 82 (78%) patients,portal hypertensive gastropathy in 72 (68.6%) patients,and gastric varices in 15 (14.3%) *** therapy was used in 45.5% of patients (n=48).Seventeen (16.1%) patients presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding;in 14/17 (82.3%) patients,bleeding was secondary to esophageal varices,and in 3/17 patients bleeding was attributed to portal hypertensive *** related to portal hypertension according to PPI therapy occurred in 18.7% (n=9) of group 1 and in 14% (n=8) of group 2 (odds ratio:0.83,95% confidence interval:0.5-1.3,P=0.51).cONcLUSION:Portal hypertension bleeding is not associated with PPI *** findings do not support the prescription of PPIs in patients with chronic liver disease with no currently accepted indication.

关键词： Drug prescription Liver cirrhosis Portal hypertension Proton pump inhibitors Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Loss of canonical Wnt signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1705-1710页

作者： cheril tapia-Rojas Nibaldo c.Inestrosa centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (cARE Uc) Departamento de Biología Celular y MolecularFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile centre for Healthy Brain Ageing School of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (cEBIMA) Universidad de Magallanes

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is the most common form of dementia in the older population, however, the precise cause of the disease is unknown. The neuropathology is characterized by the presence of aggregates formed by amyloid-β（Aβ） peptide and phosphorylated tau; which is accompanied by progressive impairment of memory. Diverse signaling pathways are linked to AD, and among these the Wnt signaling pathway is becoming increasingly relevant, since it plays essential roles in the adult brain. Initially, Wnt signaling activation was proposed as a neuroprotective mechanism against Aβ toxicity. Later, it was reported that it participates in tau phosphorylation and processes of learning and memory. Interestingly, in the last years we demonstrated that Wnt signaling is fundamental in amyloid precursor protein（APP） processing and that Wnt dysfunction results in Aβ production and aggregation in vitro. Recent in vivo studies reported that loss of canonical Wnt signaling exacerbates amyloid deposition in a transgenic（Tg） mouse model of AD. Finally, we showed that inhibition of Wnt signaling in a Tg mouse previously at the appearance of AD signs, resulted in memory loss, tau phosphorylation and Aβ formation and aggregation; indicating that Wnt dysfunction accelerated the onset of AD. More importantly, Wnt signaling loss promoted cognitive impairment, tau phosphorylation and Aβ1–42 production in the hippocampus of wild-type（WT） mice, contributing to the development of an Alzheimer＇s-like neurophatology. Therefore, in this review we highlight the importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling dysfunction in the onset of AD and propose that the loss of canonical Wnt signaling is a triggering factor of AD.

关键词： Wnt signaling Wnt target genes Wnt/β-catenin Alzheimer disease amyloid-β tau phosphorylation memory loss synaptic dysfunction

Activation of non-basal ＜c + a> slip in multicomponent Mg alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第2期10卷 585-597页

作者： Hyo-Sun Jang Jong-Kwan Lee Antonio Jo?o Seco Ferreira tapia Nack Joon Kim Byeong-Joo Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)

Activating non-basal slip is a key method to improve room temperature ductility and formability of Mg alloys. However, the detailed criterion for activation of the slip in multicomponent Mg alloys, which can be util... 详细信息

Activating non-basal c+a> slip is a key method to improve room temperature ductility and formability of Mg alloys. However, the detailed criterion for activation of the c+a> slip in multicomponent Mg alloys, which can be utilized in commercial Mg alloys, requires further understanding. The present authors investigated the mechanism and criterion using a molecular statics simulation on dislocation behaviors in multicomponent Mg alloys. We found that if multicomponent Mg alloys have an equivalent dislocation binding intensity to associated binary Mg alloys that are optimized to minimize the critical resolved shear stress anisotropy and thus activate the c+a> slip,then the critical resolved shear stress anisotropy between slip systems of the multicomponent Mg alloys can also be minimized, resulting in activation of the c+a> slip. The activation is maximized in multicomponent Mg alloys when alloying a large amount of weak dislocation binding elements. It was confirmed through experiments that the multicomponent Mg alloys satisfying the above criterion show higher room-temperature tensile elongation and formability than other alloys.

关键词： Mg–Zn–ca alloy Molecular statics simulation Ductility Formability

Alternative techniques for forecasting mineral commodity prices

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第2期28卷 309-322页

作者： c.A.tapia cortez S.Saydam J.coulton c.Sammut School of Mining Engineering UNSW Sydney UNSW Business School UNSW Sydney School of computer Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney

Forecasting mineral commodity(Mc) prices has been an important and difficult task traditionally addressed by econometric, stochastic-Gaussian and time series techniques. None of these techniques has proved suitable to represent the dynamic behavior and time related nature of Mc markets. chaos theory(cT) and machine learning(ML) techniques are able to represent the temporal relationships of variables and their evolution has been used separately to better understand and represent Mc markets. cT can determine a system's dynamics in the form of time delay and embedding dimension. However, this information has often been solely used to describe the system's behavior and not for *** to traditional techniques, ML has better performance for forecasting Mc prices, due to its capacity for finding patterns governing the system's dynamics. However, the rational nature of economic problems increases concerns regarding the use of hidden patterns for forecasting. Therefore, it is uncertain if variables selected and hidden patterns found by ML can represent the economic *** their refined features for representing system dynamics, the separate use of either cT or ML does not provide the expected realistic accuracy. By itself, neither cT nor ML are able to identify the main variables affecting systems, recognize the relation and influence of variables though time, and discover hidden patterns governing systems evolution simultaneously. This paper discusses the necessity to adapt and combine cT and ML to obtain a more realistic representation of Mc market behavior to forecast long-term price trends.

关键词： Price forecasting Mineral commodity Market dynamics chaos theory Machine learning

Translational approaches: From fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9038-9049页

作者： Natalia Rosso norberto c.chavez-tapia claudio Tiribelli Stefano Bellentani Fondazione Italiana Fegato 34149 Trieste Italy Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit Médica Sur Clinic and FoundationMexico 14050 México Department of Medical Sciences University of Trieste Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Azienda USL di ModenaOspedale "Ramazzini" 41012 Carpi (Modena) Italy

Over the past few decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become one, if not the most common,cause of chronic liver disease affecting both adults and children. The increasing number of cases at an early age is the most worrying aspect of this pathology, since it provides more time for its evolution. The spectrum of this disease ranges from liver steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and in some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD may not always be considered a benign disease and hepatologists must be cautious in the presence of fatty liver. This should prompt the use of the available experimental models to understand better the pathogenesis and to develop a rational treatment of a disease that is dangerously increasing. In spite of the growing efforts, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is still poorly understood. In the present article we review the most relevant hypotheses and evidence that account for the progression of NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and fibrosis. The available in vitro and in vivo experimental models of NASH are discussed and revised in terms of their validity in translational studies. These studies must be aimed at the discovery of the still unknown triggers or mediators that induce the progression of hepatic inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis.

关键词： Fatty Liver Obesity Metabolic syndrome Inflammatio

clinical heterogeneity in autoimmune acute liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第12期13卷 1824-1827页

作者： norberto c.chavez-tapia Julio Martinez-Salgado Julio Granados Misael Uribe Felix I Tellez-Avila Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City MexicoJulio Granados Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico

AIM: To describe the outcome and prognosis in a cohort of patients with acute liver failure due to autoimmune hepatitis without liver transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective trial was conducted in 11 patients with acute liver failure due to autoimmune hepatitis who attended the Instituto Nacional de ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran. Demographic, biochemical and severity indexes, and treatment and outcome were assessed. RESULTS: Among the 11 patients, with a median age of 31 years, 72% had inflammatory response syndrome, and six patients received corticosteroids. The mortality rate within four weeks was 56%, and the one-year survival was 27%. In the survivors, severity indexes were lower and 83% received corticosteroids. cONcLUSION: We observed a relatively high survival rate in patients with acute liver failure due to autoimmune hepatitis. This survival rate could be influenced by severity of the disease and/or use of corticosteroids.

关键词：自体免疫性肝炎急性肝衰竭临床异质性皮质类固醇

Smoking is not associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第32期12卷 5196-5200页

作者： norberto c.chavez-tapia Javier Lizardi-cervera Oliver Perez-Bautista Martha H Ramos-Ostos Misael Uribe Departments of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine. Medica Sur clinic and Foundation Mexico city Mexico

瞄准：分析在吸烟和不含酒精的脂肝疾病(NAFLD ) 之间的关系。方法：这是一张健康人口的代表性的研究，在墨西哥在一所大学医院的一个检查单位执行了城市。我们注册了 933 个题目， 368 个当前的吸烟者(盒子) 和从来没吸过的 565 个人(... 详细信息

瞄准：分析在吸烟和不含酒精的脂肝疾病(NAFLD ) 之间的关系。方法：这是一张健康人口的代表性的研究，在墨西哥在一所大学医院的一个检查单位执行了城市。我们注册了 933 个题目， 368 个当前的吸烟者(盒子) 和从来没吸过的 565 个人(控制) 。人口统计、新陈代谢、生物化学的变量在二个组被测量。NAFLD 被超声和新陈代谢的症候群根据 ATPIII 决定。结果：548 个男人(205 个盒子和 343 控制) 和 337 个女人(114 个盒子和 223 控制) 的一个总数在分析被包括。盒子和控制之间的统计差别仅仅在高血压流行被观察(6.6% 对 11.3% ， P cerides ( 2.18 +/- 1.49 对 1.84 +/- 1.1 mmol/L ， P cI 0.65-1.21 ) 。结论：在 NAFLD 流行的差别都没在当前的吸烟者和不抽烟的人之间被观察，并且而且，没有差别在重吸烟者(超过 20 包装 / 年) 被观察，显示在吸烟和 NAFLD 之间没有关系。

关键词：抽烟非酒精性脂肪肝新陈代谢致病因素

Low serum levels of ghrelin are associated with gallstone disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 3096-3100页

作者： Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez Luisa Bermejo-Martínez Antonio R Villa norberto c.chávez-tapia Daniel Zamora-Valdés Raúl Pichardo-Bahena Blanca Barredo-Prieto Martha H Uribe-Ramos Martha H Ramos Héctor A Baptista-González Misael Uribe Liver Unit Biomedical Research Department Medica Sur Clinic and FoundationMexico CityMexico Faculty of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Mexico CityMexico clinical Research Department National Institute of Perinatology Mexico CityMexico clinical Epidemiology Unit National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Mexico CityMexico

瞄准：在胆石疾病探索 ghrelin 的角色。方法：我们在 150 个题目，执行了代表性的研究 38 与胆石(盒子) 和 112 控制。我们也各在二十件胆囊样品做了即时 PcR-RT 研究。身体集体索引(BMI ) ，浆液胰岛素， ghrelin，和浆液类脂化合物... 详细信息

瞄准：在胆石疾病探索 ghrelin 的角色。方法：我们在 150 个题目，执行了代表性的研究 38 与胆石(盒子) 和 112 控制。我们也各在二十件胆囊样品做了即时 PcR-RT 研究。身体集体索引(BMI ) ，浆液胰岛素， ghrelin，和浆液类脂化合物被测量。逻辑回归分析(univariate 并且多变量) 被进行估计与浆液 ghrelin 集中联系的胆石疾病的概率。结果：盒子与在性分发的控制统计上不同(P = 0.01 ) ，年龄(53 对 44 年， P = 0.002 ) ， BMI (28 对 25；P = 0.004 ) ，并且葡萄糖(5.26 对 4.98 mmol/L；P = 0.05 ) 。没有新陈代谢的症候群，在第三 tercile 上面的 ghrelin 浆液层次的流行在题目是更低的(P cI 0.09-0.82， P = 0.02 ) 。二十(20%) 胆囊标本表示了 ghrelin mRNA。结论：浆液 ghrelin 集中与 GD 的保护的效果被联系。

关键词：血液水平胆结石肥胖胆囊