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Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding

World Journal of clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： Sandra Gabriela Sánchez-González Bárbara Gabriela cárdenas-del-castillo Elvira Garza-González Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas Isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix Montes-tapia Gerardo c Palacios-Saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Manuel Enrique de-la-o-cavazos Department of Pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Pediatric Surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BAcKGRoUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several *** milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and *** To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or *** An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital ***éEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from october 2017 to June *** samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding *** full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene *** variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric ***,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also *** No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the *** comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(Pon,higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(Pour predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most ***,no significant differences were

关键词： Gut microbiota Human milk Preterm infant Proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16S rRNA

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Adiponectin as a protective factor in hepatic steatosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第12期11卷 1737-1741页

作者： Nahum Méndez-Sánchez norber.o.c.chávez-tapia Antonio R.Villa Karla Sánchez-Lara Daniel Zamora-Valdés Martha H.Ramos Misael Uribe Liver Research Unit clinical Epidemiology Unit

AIM: obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are closely related to hepatic steatosis (HS), and adiponectin is a hepatic insulin sensitizer that has important effects in liver function. This study aims at investigating the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and the presence of HS. METHoDS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a check-up unit of a University Hospital in Mexico city. We enrolled 196 subjects, comprising 98 subjects with HS (27 women, 71 men) and 98 controls (37 women and 61 men). Anthropometric, metabolic and biochemical variables were measured in the two groups. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were determined, their association with grade of HS tested, and concentrations, according to quartiles, compared between cases and controls. X2 analysis for linear trends was used to test for a dose-response relationship and logistic regression analysis was conducted to test for a protective effect of adiponectin. RESULTS: The HS subjects were older and more obese than controls, with a central obesity pattern. In the fourth quartile of adiponectin concentrations, HS was less common and severe. In a multivariate model of the fourth quartile of the adiponectin concentrations, we observed a protective effect (oR = 0.17, 95%cI: 0.04-0.67, P= 0.01). In subjects with more severe HS, we observed higher leptin concentrations, and caloric intakes, total fat and iron consumption were higher than in controls. coNcLUSIoN: The results of the present study suggest that a high serum concentration of adiponectin is associated with a protective effect against HS.

关键词： Adiponectin Hepatic steatosis Leptin Diet

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Loss of canonical Wnt signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1705-1710页

作者： cheril tapia-Rojas Nibaldo c.Inestrosa centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (cARE Uc) Departamento de Biología Celular y MolecularFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile centre for Healthy Brain Ageing School of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (cEBIMA) Universidad de Magallanes

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is the most common form of dementia in the older population, however, the precise cause of the disease is unknown. The neuropathology is characterized by the presence of aggregates formed by amyloid-β（Aβ） peptide and phosphorylated tau; which is accompanied by progressive impairment of memory. Diverse signaling pathways are linked to AD, and among these the Wnt signaling pathway is becoming increasingly relevant, since it plays essential roles in the adult brain. Initially, Wnt signaling activation was proposed as a neuroprotective mechanism against Aβ toxicity. Later, it was reported that it participates in tau phosphorylation and processes of learning and memory. Interestingly, in the last years we demonstrated that Wnt signaling is fundamental in amyloid precursor protein（APP） processing and that Wnt dysfunction results in Aβ production and aggregation in vitro. Recent in vivo studies reported that loss of canonical Wnt signaling exacerbates amyloid deposition in a transgenic（Tg） mouse model of AD. Finally, we showed that inhibition of Wnt signaling in a Tg mouse previously at the appearance of AD signs, resulted in memory loss, tau phosphorylation and Aβ formation and aggregation; indicating that Wnt dysfunction accelerated the onset of AD. More importantly, Wnt signaling loss promoted cognitive impairment, tau phosphorylation and Aβ1–42 production in the hippocampus of wild-type（WT） mice, contributing to the development of an Alzheimer＇s-like neurophatology. Therefore, in this review we highlight the importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling dysfunction in the onset of AD and propose that the loss of canonical Wnt signaling is a triggering factor of AD.

关键词： Wnt signaling Wnt target genes Wnt/β-catenin Alzheimer disease amyloid-β tau phosphorylation memory loss synaptic dysfunction

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Alternative techniques for forecasting mineral commodity prices

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第2期28卷 309-322页

作者： c.A.tapia cortez S.Saydam J.coulton c.Sammut School of Mining Engineering UNSW Sydney UNSW Business School UNSW Sydney School of computer Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney

Forecasting mineral commodity(Mc) prices has been an important and difficult task traditionally addressed by econometric, stochastic-Gaussian and time series techniques. None of these techniques has proved suitable to represent the dynamic behavior and time related nature of Mc markets. chaos theory(cT) and machine learning(ML) techniques are able to represent the temporal relationships of variables and their evolution has been used separately to better understand and represent Mc markets. cT can determine a system's dynamics in the form of time delay and embedding dimension. However, this information has often been solely used to describe the system's behavior and not for *** to traditional techniques, ML has better performance for forecasting Mc prices, due to its capacity for finding patterns governing the system's dynamics. However, the rational nature of economic problems increases concerns regarding the use of hidden patterns for forecasting. Therefore, it is uncertain if variables selected and hidden patterns found by ML can represent the economic *** their refined features for representing system dynamics, the separate use of either cT or ML does not provide the expected realistic accuracy. By itself, neither cT nor ML are able to identify the main variables affecting systems, recognize the relation and influence of variables though time, and discover hidden patterns governing systems evolution simultaneously. This paper discusses the necessity to adapt and combine cT and ML to obtain a more realistic representation of Mc market behavior to forecast long-term price trends.

关键词： Price forecasting Mineral commodity Market dynamics chaos theory Machine learning

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Low serum levels of ghrelin are associated with gallstone disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 3096-3100页

作者： Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez Luisa Bermejo-Martínez Antonio R Villa norber.o.c chávez-tapia Daniel Zamora-Valdés Raúl Pichardo-Bahena Blanca Barredo-Prieto Martha H Uribe-Ramos Martha H Ramos Héctor A Baptista-González Misael Uribe Liver Unit Biomedical Research Department Medica Sur Clinic and FoundationMexico CityMexico Faculty of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Mexico CityMexico clinical Research Department National Institute of Perinatology Mexico CityMexico clinical Epidemiology Unit National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Mexico CityMexico

AIM： To explore the role of ghrelin in gallstone disease. METHoDS： We carried out a cross-sectional study in 150 subjects, 38 with gallstones （cases） and 112 controls. We also did a real-time PcR-RT study in twenty gallbladder samples each. Body mass index （BNI）, serum insulin, ghrelin, and serum lipids were measured. Logistic regression analyses （univariate and multivariate） were conducted to estimate the probability of gallstone disease associated with serum ghrelin concentrations. RESULTS： cases were statistically different from controls in gender distribution （P = 0.01）, age （53 vs 44 yr, P = 0.002）, BNI （28 vs 25; P = 0.004）, and glucose （5.26 vs 4.98 mmol/L; P = 0.05）. The prevalence of ghrelin serum levels above the third tercile was lower in subjects without metabolic syndrome （P 〈 0.05）. In a multivariate model, we found a protective effect, when ghrelin values were higher than the median value （oR = 0.27, 95%cI 0.09-0.82, P = 0.02）. Twenty （20%） gallbladder specimens expressed ghrelin mRNA. coNcLUSIoN： Serum ghrelin concentrations are associated with a protective effect of GD.

关键词： Gallstones obesity Ghrelin Gallbladder Gastrointestinal hormones

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Translational approaches: From fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9038-9049页

作者： Natalia Rosso norber.o.c chavez-tapia claudio Tiribelli Stefano Bellentani Fondazione Italiana Fegato 34149 Trieste Italy obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit Médica Sur Clinic and FoundationMexico 14050 México Department of Medical Sciences University of Trieste Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Azienda USL di ModenaOspedale "Ramazzini" 41012 Carpi (Modena) Italy

over the past few decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become one, if not the most common,cause of chronic liver disease affecting both adults and children. The increasing number of cases at an early age is the most worrying aspect of this pathology, since it provides more time for its evolution. The spectrum of this disease ranges from liver steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and in some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD may not always be considered a benign disease and hepatologists must be cautious in the presence of fatty liver. This should prompt the use of the available experimental models to understand better the pathogenesis and to develop a rational treatment of a disease that is dangerously increasing. In spite of the growing efforts, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is still poorly understood. In the present article we review the most relevant hypotheses and evidence that account for the progression of NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and fibrosis. The available in vitro and in vivo experimental models of NASH are discussed and revised in terms of their validity in translational studies. These studies must be aimed at the discovery of the still unknown triggers or mediators that induce the progression of hepatic inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis.

关键词： Fatty Liver obesity Metabolic syndrome Inflammation In vitro Experimental model

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Insulin sensitizers in treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第48期12卷 7826-7831页

作者： norber.o.c chavez-tapia Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez Felix I Tellez-ávila Francisco Sánchez-ávila Maria Antonieta Montao-Reyes Misael Uribe Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Zalvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico The University of Texas School of Public Health Houston United States Instituto de Educación Media Superior Mexico City Mexico

AIM: To summarize the evidence available for the clinical effectiveness of insulin sensitizers in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) systematically. METHoDS: Relevant articles were located using computer-assisted searches of Medline (1966-March 2006), EMBASE (1988-March 2006), cINAHL (1982-March 2003), Educational Resource Information center (1966-March 2006), Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (1967-March 2006), cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (1994-2006), dissertations in ProQuest and FirstSearch databases. Manual searches were made in the abstracts from meetings of the American Gastroenterological Association (1999-2006), and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2003-2005). Studies were retrieved using the following selection criteria: (1) clinical trials using insulin sensitizers in subjects with NAFLD, (2) adult patients, (3) published as full manuscripts or abstracts, and (4) English, Spanish, German, and French languages only. Data were abstracted independently by two reviewers following standardized procedures. A face-to- face comparison of data was conducted to ensure the completeness and reliability of the abstraction process. RESULTS: Nine studies were included, six using metformin and three using thiazolidinediones. only two studies were placebo-controlled trials. The mediansample size for all studies was 18 subjects. In the placebo-controlled trials, metformin improved insulin resistance markers and liver function tests, but not histological scores. In the single-arm trials, metformin and thiazolidinediones improved insulin resistance markers and liver function tests, and beneficial histological changes were reported. There is limited high-quality information available from which to draw categorical conclusions about the clinical use of insulin sensitizers in ***: current information indicates that the use of insulin sensitizers

关键词： Steatohepatitis Evidence based medicine Systematic review

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Activation of non-basal ＜c + a> slip in multicomponent Mg alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第2期10卷 585-597页

作者： Hyo-Sun Jang Jong-Kwan Lee Antonio Jo?o Seco Ferreira tapia Nack Joon Kim Byeong-Joo Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)

Activating non-basal slip is a key method to improve room temperature ductility and formability of Mg alloys. However, the detailed criterion for activation of the slip in multicomponent Mg alloys, which can be util... 详细信息

Activating non-basal c+a> slip is a key method to improve room temperature ductility and formability of Mg alloys. However, the detailed criterion for activation of the c+a> slip in multicomponent Mg alloys, which can be utilized in commercial Mg alloys, requires further understanding. The present authors investigated the mechanism and criterion using a molecular statics simulation on dislocation behaviors in multicomponent Mg alloys. We found that if multicomponent Mg alloys have an equivalent dislocation binding intensity to associated binary Mg alloys that are optimized to minimize the critical resolved shear stress anisotropy and thus activate the c+a> slip,then the critical resolved shear stress anisotropy between slip systems of the multicomponent Mg alloys can also be minimized, resulting in activation of the c+a> slip. The activation is maximized in multicomponent Mg alloys when alloying a large amount of weak dislocation binding elements. It was confirmed through experiments that the multicomponent Mg alloys satisfying the above criterion show higher room-temperature tensile elongation and formability than other alloys.

关键词： Mg–Zn–ca alloy Molecular statics simulation Ductility Formability

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clinical heterogeneity in autoimmune acute liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第12期13卷 1824-1827页

作者： norber.o.c chavez-tapia Julio Martinez-Salgado Julio Granados Misael Uribe Felix I Tellez-Avila Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City MexicoJulio Granados Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico

AIM: To describe the outcome and prognosis in a cohort of patients with acute liver failure due to autoimmune hepatitis without liver transplantation. METHoDS: A retrospective trial was conducted in 11 patients with acute liver failure due to autoimmune hepatitis who attended the Instituto Nacional de ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran. Demographic, biochemical and severity indexes, and treatment and outcome were assessed. RESULTS: Among the 11 patients, with a median age of 31 years, 72% had inflammatory response syndrome, and six patients received corticosteroids. The mortality rate within four weeks was 56%, and the one-year survival was 27%. In the survivors, severity indexes were lower and 83% received corticosteroids. coNcLUSIoN: We observed a relatively high survival rate in patients with acute liver failure due to autoimmune hepatitis. This survival rate could be influenced by severity of the disease and/or use of corticosteroids.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Acute liver failure corticosteroids

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Smoking is not associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第32期12卷 5196-5200页

作者： norber.o.c chavez-tapia Javier Lizardi-cervera oliver Perez-Bautista Martha H Ramos-ostos Misael Uribe Departments of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine. Medica Sur clinic and Foundation Mexico city Mexico

AIM： To analyze the relationship between smoking and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. METHoDS： This is a cross-sectional study of a healthy population, carried out in a check-up unit of a university hospital in Mexico city. We enrolled 933 subjects, 368 current smokers （cases） and 565 persons who had never smoked （controls）. Demographic, metabolic and biochemical variables were measured in the two groups. NAFLD was determined by ultrasound and metabolic syndrome according to ATPⅢ. RESULTS： A total of 548 men （205 cases and 343 controls） and 337 women （114 cases and 223 controls） were included in the analysis. Statistical differences between cases and controls were observed only in high blood pressure prevalence （6.6% vs 11.3%, P〈0.05; cases and controls respectively）, high-density lipoproteins （1.00±0.26 vs 1.06±0.28 mmol/L, P 〈 0.005）, triglycerides （2.18±1.49 vs 1.84±1.1 mmol/L, P〈0.001）, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate （11.3±9.3 vs 13.5±11.9 mm/h, P〈0.001）. No differences were observed in the prevalence of NAFLD （22.27% vs 29.68%, P = NS） and metabolic syndrome （41.69% vs 36.74%, P = NS）. Univariate analysis showed that smoking was not a risk factor for NAFLD （oR = 0.89, 95% cI 0.65-1.21）. coNcLUSIoN： No differences in NAFLD prevalence were observed between current smokers and nonsmokers, and furthermore, no differences were observed in heavy smokers （more than 20 packs/year）, indicating that there js no relationship between smoking and NAFLD.

关键词： Smoking Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic syndrome

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