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Stem cell-derived exosomes-an emerging tool for myocardial regeneration

World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第8期10卷 106-115页

作者： Erzsebet Lazar Theodora Benedek Szilamer Korodi nora Rat Jocelyn Lo Imre Benedek Department of Internal medicine Clinic of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures Department of Internal medicine Clinic of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures Department of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Cardio Med Medical Center Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) continue to represent the number one cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. The most severe form of CVD is acute myocardial infarction(AMI), a devastating disease associated with high mortality and disability. In a substantial proportion of patients who survive AMI, loss of functional cardiomyocytes as a result of ischaemic injury leads to ventricular failure, resulting in significant alteration to quality of life and increased mortality. Therefore, many attempts have been made in recent years to identify new tools for the regeneration of functional cardiomyocytes. Regenerative therapy currently represents the ultimate goal for restoring the function of damaged myocardium by stimulating the regeneration of the infarcted tissue or by providing cellsthat can generate new myocardial tissue to replace the damaged tissue. Stem cells(SCs) have been proposed as a viable therapy option in these cases. However, despite the great enthusiasm at the beginning of the SC era, justified by promising initial results, this therapy has failed to demonstrate a significant benefit in large clinical trials. One interesting finding of SC studies is that exosomes released by mesenchymal SCs(MSCs) are able to enhance the viability of cardiomyocytes after ischaemia/reperfusion injury, suggesting that the beneficial effects of MSCs in the recovery of functional myocardium could be related to their capacity to secrete exosomes. Ten years ago, it was discovered that exosomes have the unique property of transferring miRNA between cells, acting as miRNA nanocarriers. Therefore, exosomebased therapy has recently been proposed as an emerging tool for cardiac regeneration as an alternative to SC therapy in the post-infarction period. This review aims to discuss the emerging role of exosomes in developing innovative therapies for cardiac regeneration as well as their potential role as candidate biomarkers or for developing new diagnostic tools.

关键词： Acute myocardial infarction Exosome Stem cell Cardiac regeneration Cardiovascular diseases

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Systematic review of anorectal leiomyosarcoma: Current challenges and recent advances

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第8期11卷 334-341页

作者： Moha.med O Nassif Razan A Habib Luai Z Almarzouki nora H Trabulsi Department of Surgery King Abdulaziz University

BACKgROUND The anorectal leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm. Owing to the rarity of LMSs, an optimal treatment modality has yet to be determined. AIM To collect all published data on anorectal LMS characteristics, explore current treatment options, and review recent cases of postradiation LMS. METHODS A literature search of the Pubmed electronic database was conducted using the MeSH terms "rectal neoplasms","anus neoplasms" and "gastrointestinal neoplasms" combined with "leiomyosarcoma". The search was limited to English language and human studies. All available case reports and case series of anal or rectal LMSs that were published from the beginning of January 1996 to May 2017 were included if the diagnosis of LMS had been confirmed by histopathologic examination. Data were analyzed using simple statistics (mean, median, and standard deviation). Independent sample t-test was used to compare means for continuous variables. RESULTS A total of 27 articles reporting on 51 cases of anorectal LMS were identified. Among these cases, 11.7% had undergone previous pelvic radiotherapy (developing LMS at 13-35 years afterwards). Anorectal LMS affected the rectum in 92.2% of the cases, and no sex-based predominance was observed. Surgical resection with negative margins remains the mainstay of treatment, which can be accomplished with wide local excision or radical resection. The local recurrence rate was higher among cases who received wide local excision (30%), as compared to radical resection (20%);however, the overall rate of metastasis was 51.61% regardless of the treatment approach. The use of neoadjuvant radiation lowers the risk of local recurrence compared to adjuvant radiotherapy, and facilitates R0 resection of the tumor. Cases treated with adjuvant chemotherapy showed better rates of distant recurrence and overall survival. Nonetheless, multidisciplinary team discussion is necessary to determine the optimal management plan whilst considering pa

关键词： Leiomyosarcoma Rectal neoplasms Anal neoplasms gastrointestinal neoplasms Soft tissue neoplasms

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Flavone improves liver damage in nicotine-exposed rats via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第8期14卷 341-349页

作者： nora A.Elsayed Fatma SM Moawed Esraa SA a.med a.med Hammad Omayma AR Abo-Zaid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Vet.Med.Benha UniversityBenha cityEgypt Health Radiation Research National Center for Radiation Research and TechnologyEgyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityCairoEgypt Radiation Biology Department National Center for Radiation Research and TechnologyEgyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityCairoEgypt

Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effects of flavone on nicotine-induced liver ***:Thirty-six rats were allocated into six groups:the control group,the nicotine group,the flavone alone groups(10 and 25 mg/kg/body weight),and the nicotine groups treated with flavone(10 and 25 mg/kg/body weight).Liver function,oxidative stress,Nrf2 pathway(HO-1,Nrf2,and Keap-1),and inflammatory markers(IL-17,TNF-α,and NF-κB)were ***,a histopathological examination of liver tissues was ***:Nicotine increased liver damage,inflammation,and oxidative ***,flavone suppressed nicotine-induced liver enzymes,oxidative stress,and inflammation,as manifested by increased antioxidants and decreased malondialdehyde level,liver enzymatic activities,and inflammatory ***(10 and 25 mg/kg/body weight)also reduced the level of Keap-1 and increased HO-1 and Nrf2 levels in the liver of nicotine-exposed ***:Flavone has hepatoprotective properties and may slow the progression of liver injury by reducing oxidative stress,liver enzymes,and inflammation possibly via the Nrf2 pathway.

关键词： Flavone Nicotine Liver Nrf2 HO-1 NF-κB

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