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Exploring the Interplay Between Social Awareness and the Use of Bed Nets in a Malaria Control Program

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2024年第3期6卷 196-210页

作者： Iffatricia haura Febiriana Dipo Aldila Bevina Desjwiandra handari Puji Budi Setia Asih Muhamad Hifzhudin noor Aziz Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and SciencesUniversitas IndonesiaDepok 16424Indonesia Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Cibinong 16911Indonesia Institute of Mathematical Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia

This research aims to understand the effect of human awareness and the use of bed nets on malaria control programs.A deterministic host-vector mathematical model was utilized and simplified using the Quasi-Steady State Approximation,assuming the mosquito population is at equilibrium due to its fast,dynamic *** model reveals two equilibrium states:the malaria-free equilibrium and the endemic *** malaria-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than one and unstable if it is larger than ***,the malaria-endemic equilibrium is unique and stable if the reproduction number exceeds one and does not exist *** on incidence data from Papua,parameter estimation and sensitivity analyses indicate that human awareness and the use of bed nets significantly reduce the reproduction *** address budget constraints for interventions,the model was reformulated as an optimal control problem,characterized using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle,and solved with the forward–backward sweep *** experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various scenarios on the malaria control ***-effectiveness analyses employing ACER,ICER,and IAR metrics suggest that while the combined implementation of awareness campaigns and bed nets effectively reduces infections,it incurs high *** contrast,implementing human awareness campaigns alone emerges as the best strategy based on ACER,ICER,and IAR *** study demonstrates that enhancing human awareness and promoting the use of bed nets are effective strategies for controlling ***,due to budget constraints,focusing solely on awareness campaigns proves to be the most cost-effective *** approach not only reduces malaria transmission but also optimizes resource allocation,highlighting the importance of targeted educational programs in public health initiatives for malaria control.

关键词： Malaria Individual awareness Basic reproduction number Cost-effectiveness

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Route Optimization in Mobile Networks with Cache Assistance (RoMoNeCA)

Route Optimization in Mobile Networks with Cache Assistance ...

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作者： Sahibzada Ahmed noor 北京邮电大学

学位级别：硕士

随着Internet的迅猛发展,因特网已经深入社会和人们的日常生活中。IP协议的出现使得人们可以通过静态方式接入因特网。伴随技术发展,移动IP(MobileIP)越来越受到人们的关注。传统的移动IP只针对单个节点,当前人们正在扩展移动IP从而支...

随着Internet的迅猛发展,因特网已经深入社会和人们的日常生活中。IP协议的出现使得人们可以通过静态方式接入因特网。伴随技术发展,移动IP(MobileIP)越来越受到人们的关注。传统的移动IP只针对单个节点,当前人们正在扩展移动IP从而支持网络移动性(Network Mobility,NEMO)。移动IP对不同的接入技术(WLAN,cellular,broadcast access)提供统一的网络层支持。随着技术进步,节点移动性研究已经向前迈进一大步形成NEMO。所谓NEMO是指一组节点(例如火车、汽车、飞机内部的人员)以子网的方式在移动中接入因特网。NEMO可以保证IP子网在移动的过程中子网内部节点正在进行的会话的连续性。移动的IP子网(mobile network)通过移动路由器(Mobile Router,MR)连接到因特网。这些移动的IP子网可以是由附着在MR上的单个本地节点组成的非嵌套网络,或者是内部嵌套多个IP子网的嵌套网络等。移动网络的不同网络拓扑带来一系列问题,而这些问题在单个节点移动性的研究中并没有出现,这也导致IETF专门成立NEMO工作组。该工作组的主要任务是提出对移动IPV6协议的扩展,从而解决NEMO及其相关问题。实验表明现存的移动IPV6协议无法给移动网络的内部节点转发数据包。本地代理(Home Agent)无法封装要转发给移动网络节点(MNN)的数据包。这是因为从本地代理角度看,ha-MR隧道是节点专用信道而非网络专用信道,因此本地代理只能发现隧道另一端的MR,而无法看到附着在该路由器上的节点。随着个人局域网(PAN)、车域网(CAN)、团体区域网(BAN)的出现以及传统的运输系统需要大量访问因特网,节点移动性协议已经无法满足实际需要,支持NEMO的相关协议呼之欲出。 NEMO基础支持协议(NBS)的提出解决了一组节点作为一个单元的移动接入互联网问题。这个单元称为移动IP子网或移动网络(Mobile Network),一个或多个MR处理来自或到达移动网络的通信。移动网络内部的节点称为移动网络节点(MNN),这些节点包括本地固定节点(LFN’s)、本地移动节点(LMN’s)以及外部的访问移动节点(VMN’s)。这些外部访问移动节点可以是单个移动IPV6节点,也可以是拥有多个MNN的MR。后者称为嵌套移动网络,所谓嵌套网络是指一个移动网络存在于另一个移动网络中。在嵌套移动网络中,被接入的MR称为上行流MR,接入的MR称为下行流MR。嵌套网络中的最顶层MR称为父MR,其下的所有MR称为子MR。不包含任何子网络的移动网络的嵌套等级为1,因此嵌套等级2表明一个小的移动网络嵌套在一个大的移动网络的内部。每个MR都有唯一的IP地址进行标示,称为本地地址,其在家乡链路上都有一个本地代理或称家乡代理(Home Agent,ha)。ha负责MR发送的数据在家乡网络的传递,它存储对应的MR的本地地址。当MR访问外部网络时,外部网络向MR提供一个转发地址(CoA),MR将转发地址与本地地址绑定,这种绑定称为绑定更新(BU)。MR将绑定更新发送给ha,ha将绑定更新的内容存储在绑定缓存中。接着ha向MR发送绑定确认,当成功完成该绑定过程后,MR与对应的ha之间的MR-ha隧道建立完成。此后所有发往移动网络的数据包首先由ha截取,通过添加标有转发地址的外部IP头进行封装,接着通过ha-MR隧道到达当前MR的转发地址。与进入移动网络的数据包相似,所有从移动网络的数据包同样需要经过MR添加IP头进行封装,然后通过ha-MR“双向隧道”传输。根据NEMO基础支持协议,所有在MR和对应节点(CN)之间通信的数据包都需要经过“双向隧道”传输。然而当MR和CN距离很近,却远离ha时,这可能导致长的路由以及大的包传输时延,影响服务质量。此外,长的路由路径将给路由网络增添额外的负载,从而增大链路中断的概率。每当数据包经由“双向隧道”时需要添加额外的IPV6路由头,这增大数据包的尺寸进而降低整体的带宽利用率,而且如果包尺寸超过链路的最大传输单元限制,需要拆分数据包从而增大包时延。此外,节点的封装处理同样也增大包的传输时延。根据NEMO基础支持协议,所有发自移动网络的流量都需要经由家乡链路到达目的地,这可能导致拥塞(瓶颈效应)。一旦家乡链路出现故障将导致所有进出移动网络的通信中断。由于担心流氓用户可能通过“双向隧道”向家乡网络发动攻击,安全策略阻止MR传输访问移动网络向家乡网络发送的流量。在嵌套网络中,如果两个移动通信节点需要通信,则所有的数据包都需要通过所有的上行流MR和对应的ha,这既增大包头同时也导致大的包传输时延。换一种情形,如果某个ha嵌套在某个移动网络中,则死循坏发生。MR无法找到其对应的ha进而无法建立“

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Comparative Efficacy of Weed Control Practices for Parthenium Weed and Sunflower Crop under Varying Tillage Systems

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 727-742页

作者： noor Ahmad Rana Nadeem Abbas Asif Tanveer Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib Deaprtment of Agronomy University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad7800Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Science University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad7800Pakistan

Parthenium poses serious threat to modern crop production system and necessitate evaluating control practices for its effective *** of different weed control practices for controlling parthenium was explored in conventional and deep tillage systems in the field *** hoeing(20 and 35 days after emergence),S-Metolachlor(pre-emergence herbicide),sorghum straw mulch@5 tons ha-1 and combination of hand hoeing and sorghum straw mulch(hand hoeing at 20 and straw mulch at 35 days after emergence)were used as weed control *** check where no weed control measure was applied was also included in this experiment for *** concluded that the all weed management treatments significantly reduced parthenium density,its fresh and dry biomass during both the years of study as compared to weedy *** sunflower achene yield was recorded in hand hoeing(20 and 35 days after emergence)in combination with deep ***,mold bold plough used for the purpose of deep tillage should be encouraged for better control of parthenium and higher achene yield of sunflower crop(3293.3 kg ha^(-1) in 2017 and 3221.3 kg ha^(-1) in 2018).Moreover,is also inferred that total dose of herbicide might be reduced by using hoeing and mulching in an integrated way.

关键词： Parthenium mulch hoeing tillage s-metolachlor sunflower

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Crystal Structures of Two New Monoprotonated Products of 1,4,7 trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane: （Me3〔9〕aneN3H）(SO3CF3) and （Me3〔9〕aneN3H）I

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2000年第1期19卷 48-52页

作者： DENG Dao Lia * ZhaNG Yan Hui a DAI Cong Yun a ZENG Hong a YAN Zhi Qing a YE Chang Qing a Ronald ha\|Ge ba (Unilever Research SIOC, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032. China) b (Unilever Research Laboratorium, Olivier van noor Unilever Research SIOC 上海 2 0 0 0 32 Unilever Research Laboratorium 荷兰 Vlaardinge

Two new monoprotonated products of macrocyclic polyamine 1,4,7 trimethyl 1,4,7 triazacyclononane(Me 3〔9〕aneN 3), (Me 3〔9〕aneN 3H)(SO 3CF 3) 1 (C 10 H 22 N 3O 3SF 3, M r =321.36) and (Me 3〔9〕aneN 3H)I 2 (C 9H 22 N 3I, M r =299.20) were obtained by the reactions of Me 3〔9〕aneN 3 and yttrium triflate or ytterbium diiodide as the unexpected products. The crystal structures of compounds 1 and 2 have been determined. Crystal 1 is orthorhombic, space group P2 12 12 1(#19), a =12.609(3), b=13.531(1), c=9.225(3) , V=1573.9(7)  3, Z=4, D c= 1.356 g/cm 3, μ =2.47 cm -1 , F (000)=680 and R=0.052, R w =0.052 for 807 unique reflections with I>2σ(I) . Crystal 2 belongs to the orthorhombic system with space group P2 12 12 1(#19), a=11.417(2), b=13.099(3), c=8.762(2) , V=1310.5(4)  3, Z=4, D c =1\^516 g/cm 3, μ =24.14 cm -1 , F (000)=600 and R=0.035, R w =0.042 for 1427 unique reflections with I>3σ(I) . The two structures contain the same cyclic framework in which the acid proton is bonded to an amine nitrogen. This proton exhibits strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds with the other two nitrogen atoms. The methyl groups are directed away from the ring cavity. The bond distance between acid proton and an amine nitrogen in compound 2 is extremely short. The bond angles for 1 and 2 also exhibit obvious diversity inside of triazacyclononae.

关键词： formation crystal structure protonation triazacyclononane

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丝素纤维接枝粘多糖构建细胞捕获丝及其循环肿瘤细胞捕获

丝素纤维接枝粘多糖构建细胞捕获丝及其循环肿瘤细胞捕获

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作者： Ain noor Ul 苏州大学

学位级别：硕士

循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的检测对肿瘤的诊断、监测和治疗具有重要意义。目前,CTC的检测方法包括体外检测和体内检测两种。由于外周静脉血中CTC浓度极低,捕获时存在大量的血细胞干扰（通常108个血细胞中约1个CTC）,因此希望富集CTC捕获,以... 详细信息

循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的检测对肿瘤的诊断、监测和治疗具有重要意义。目前,CTC的检测方法包括体外检测和体内检测两种。由于外周静脉血中CTC浓度极低,捕获时存在大量的血细胞干扰（通常108个血细胞中约1个CTC）,因此希望富集CTC捕获,以提高检测血样中CTCs的检出率,提高癌症诊断和预后效率。目前大多数CTC检测方法都是以筛选为主的体外捕获法,存在明显的缺陷。首先,CTCs在血液中的分布不均匀,无法进行标准化采样,结果可能呈现假阴性;其次,检测时不能采集大量血样,而血液中CTC含量很低,故需要建立高灵敏度、高细胞负荷的捕获方法。这些问题可以通过使用体内临时静脉留置CTCs捕捉装置来解决,该装置可以接触患者的全部血液,故无需取血样,可进行治疗监测。金属丝和化纤丝是体内识别CTCs的常用载体材料。细丝直径（＞500μm）通常远大于目标细胞（CTC 10-50μm）,这给CTCs的捕获造成了很大的空间位阻。此外,在有限直径（2-3mm）的静脉血管中,可置入的捕获针数量较少,仅一根捕获针与高速流动血液中的CTCs接触的概率极低。这些问题将导致捕获设备捕获的CTCs数量少及捕获设备的CTCs载量小,从而产生假阴性结果,因而这些类型的所有捕获设备具有低灵敏度和低负载率的缺点。目前,FDA批准了 CellCollector（?）用于临床体内CTCs的检测,但其价格昂贵,且也有一定的局限性。研究发现,以丝素蛋白为基础的材料是酶和非酶催化剂固定化合物的优良稳定载体。丝素蛋白可以通过物理或机械作用吸附化合物或在催化剂催化作用下与化合物生成共价键而达到接枝化合物的目的。为了有效地捕获CTCs,解决上述问题,本文采用天然大分子丝素作为载体,丝素具有质地柔软、直径小、空间位阻小、接枝速度快、经济实惠等优点。为了获得最大捕获数量的CTCs,我们采用在丝素蛋白活性位点接枝有机化合物的方法。首先,提出用有机胺EDA与丝素表面蛋白质反应,将表面的羧基接枝转化为氨基,从而修饰丝素表面。然后我们再用环氧化合物BDE修饰载体丝表面并增加化学链长度,已知的“双功能团聚乙二醇”这种环氧化合物容易与胺反应,为了增加蚕丝表面的—NH2位点,我们再次在载体丝表面接枝EDA。通过这种方法,我们得到了一种称为“表面改性丝”或SF-EDA-BDE-EDA的基料。我们用氨基比色法对载体丝表面氨基进行了表征,用扫描电镜和显微镜（×40）对表面进行观察,用红外光谱对化学键进行了确证,证明这种改性的丝表面具有结合大量化合物的能力。为了在接枝时进一步减少空间位阻,我们使用了使用广泛的粘多糖抗凝剂肝素（HPR）。我们以肝素羧基为靶点,将其接枝到我们先前制备的“表面修饰丝素”上,从而制备了 CTCs捕获装置“SF-EDA-BDE-EDA-HPR”。采用紫外分光光度法、10倍显微镜视野和扫描电镜对表面修饰的肝素接枝物进行了表征,并对肝素是否成功接枝进行了红外光谱分析。用该装置固定化适体,后进行捕获CTCs的选择性和灵敏度的评价。我们用细胞浓度梯度法在全血的情况下进行了 CTC的捕获。该装置捕获的最大细胞数为902个,约为CellCollector（?）的11倍,在等离子体（血浆中其他干扰因子）存在下,细胞捕获器的性能具有相当好的平行性。我们对表面修饰肝素的载体丝进行了稳定性表征,结果表明该载体丝在接枝肝素后的45天内稳定,细胞毒性试验显示其具有安全性。虽然接枝HPR捕集器的CTCs负荷比CellCollector（?）大得多,但与我们实验室以前制作的捕集器相比,细胞负荷略低,这应该是HPR分子量较低（约17000）所致。在基础载体丝的接枝想法上,我们选择不同分子量的粘多糖ha作为接枝剂,建立了另一种接枝ha的捕获装置。我们再次构建了表面修饰的载体丝,即SF-EDA-BDE-EDA,以此为基础研究了ha的接枝效率。每5mgha、8mg EDC和16mg NHS（所有三种药物均在pH=7的磷酸盐缓冲液中溶解）溶解后与需要表面修饰的80根载体丝反应接枝,用0.1M/L的HC1调节溶液的pH值到6.4-6.8。研究表明,PBS溶液不利于核酸适体的固定,50μl适体是该体系固定化的最大量。我们研究了ha的分子量对捕获效率的影响,发现高分子量ha更适用于我们构建的装置。在60mL PBS中加入1000个细胞,该捕获器可捕获16个细胞,而在10万个细胞中最多可捕获4166个细胞。相对而言,这种捕获器的单元负载约为CellCollector（?）的51倍。血浆中有其他物质干扰后的效率也通过在稀释1mL的抗凝全血中实验进行检测,证明CTC捕获效率比在PBS中的降低了14.4%。最后我们对所构建的装置进行了生物相容性表征和MTT实验。研究结果表明,我们捕获器的捕获效率很高,尽管需要进一步的动物模型研究和临床研究数据证

关键词：肝素 ha 接杆丝素纤维捕获循环肿瘤细胞

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Effect of a Novel Approach of Sintering on Physical Properties of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2011年第2期1卷 157-163页

作者： Yanny-Marliana Baba Ismail Ahmad-Fauzi Mohd noor School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal 14300Penang Malaysia

Snthesized B-type Cha powder was obtained by direct pouring nanoemulsion method at ambient temperature. Compacted 22 800-1,100 °C. During the cooling stage, wet CO2 was pumped in when temperature reaches 200 °C. It was found that Cha+Mg(OH)2 samples cooled down in wet CO2 atmosphere were more dense, (94% relative density) at a low temperature of 800°C, retaining B-type Cha with 4.30 wt% carbonate. However, ha+Mg(OH)2 and pure ha reached maximum densification (81 and 78%, respectively) at 1100 °C but had transformed to AB- and A-type Cha. The wet CO2 atmosphere not only prevents the decomposition of carbonate from Cha structure but also aids in densification. Consequently, the sintered Cha+Mg(OH)2, showed improved mechanical properties with hardness of 2.37 GPa.

关键词：羟基磷灰石烧结物理性质 MG(OH)2 碳酸化环境温度二氧化碳相对密度

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Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate by Hydrothermal Route and Conversion to Porous Sintered Scaffold

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 273-278页

作者： Sunarso Ahmad Fauzi Mohd noor Shah Rizal kasim Radzali Othman Ika Dewi Ana kunio Ishikawa Department of Biomaterials Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) consisting of hydroxyapatite (ha) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was successfully synthesized by new hydrothermal route using β-TCP as precursor. The X-ray diffraction analysis of as-synthesized powder indicated that β-TCP had been transformed into ha phase and amount of ha formed gradually increased with prolonged time. The results revealed that the recent technique may be able to control the composition of the obtained BCP which would influence the bioresorbability. Porous body of BCP was prepared by impregnation of polymeric sponge template with the slurry of the powder followed by sintering. The X-ray diffraction of porous product revealed that the composition of β-TCP increased after sintering indicating that ha had been decomposed. Porous BCP obtained from the recent technique possessed both macro and micropores structure which are useful for rapid tissue formation. Besides, the recent porous fabrication technique yielded porous BCP which preserved the sponge template morphology, enabling it to fabricate porous material with controlled pores structure.

关键词： Biphasic Calcium Phosphate β-TCP Hydroxyapatite Hydrothermal Porous

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Effect of Composted Rock Phosphate with Organic Materials on Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Berseem and Maize

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第7期5卷 975-984页

作者： Amjad Ali Muhammad Sharif Fazli Wahid Zengqiang Zhang Syed noor Muhammad Shah Rafiullah Sajjad Zaheer Farmanullah khan Fazlur Rehman College of Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Peshawar Pa-kistan Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D. I. Khan Pakistan College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences University of Agricul-ture Peshawar Pakistan

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of composts prepared from different organic materials with rock phosphate (RP) on yield and P uptake of berseem and their residual effect on maize crop (cv. Azam) during 2011-2012. Composts prepared from RP fed farm yard manure (FYM), simple FYM, organic waste and city garbage were applied at the rate based on their P concentrations. Composts significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased total dry matter weight of Berseem in first and second cut over control. Residual effect of the prepared composts was determined on yield and plant P uptake of maize in the same layout of Berseem. Maximum and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher maize grain yield, total dry matter yield and stover yield of 3161 kg·ha-1, 9633 kg·ha-1 and 6472 kg·ha-1, respectively were recorded by the residual effect of compost of organic waste with half dose of SSP. Thousand grains weight of 220 g was noted in the treatment of residual effect of compost of RP fed FYM with half dose of SSP. Post harvest soil N and P concentrations improved with composting. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in N and P uptake by berseem and maize plants were observed with added composts. Results suggest that the use of composts prepared from different organic materials with RP is environmental friendly and has potential to improve crops yield and plants N and P uptakes for a prolonged time.

关键词： Berseem Compost Maize Residual Effect Rock Phosphate Yield

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Effects of Humic Acid and Crop Residues on Soil and Wheat Nitrogen Contents

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 1277-1284页

作者： kashif Akhtar Syed noor Muhammad Shah Amjad Ali Sajjad Zaheer Fazli Wahid Ahmad khan Mohib Shah Sha.ida Bibi a.dul Majid College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D.I. Khan Pakistan Department of Agronomy Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Crop Production Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D.I. Khan Pakistan Department of Weed Science University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

This study was conducted with the aim of finding humic acid and crop residues effects on soil and wheat nitrogen at New Development Farm, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2009-2010. The experiment was laid out in RCB design having four replications. Different levels (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 kg ha-1) of Humic acid were applied at sowing time. Mungbean (5 tons ha-1), wheat straw (10 tons ha-1) and mungbean (2.5 tons ha-1) + wheat straw (5 tons ha-1) were incorporated 30 days before sowing. Our results showed higher mineral and total nitrogen (7.32 and 0.43, respectively) mg kg-1 in soil and also higher nitrogen in stem, leaves and grains (2.3, 4.6 and 21.1, respectively) mg kg-1 at maturity in those plots in which 2.5 kg ha-1 of humic acid was applied. Higher mineral and total nitrogen (7.04 and 0.5, respectively) mg kg-1 in soil and also higher nitrogen in leaves (5.5) mg kg-1 at pre-anthesis, while at maturity stage in stem, leaves and grain (5.5, 2.1, 4.2 and 20.8) g kg-1 was recorded in those plots in which 5 tons ha-1 mung bean was incorporated. Our experimental results suggest the use of 5 tons ha-1 of mungbean residues with 2.5 kg ha-1 of humic acid to improve soil fertility availability of more nitrogen in wheat plants to increase the crop yield and grains quality.

关键词： Anthesis Grain Maturity Soil Fertility Straw Mung Bean

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Potential of AM Fungi in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and Effect on Yield of Wheat Crop

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第11期5卷 1578-1586页

作者： Asif khan Muhammad Sharif Amjad Ali Syed noor Muhammad Shah Ishaq Ahmad Mian Fazli Wahid Bismillah Jan Muhammad Adnan Shah Nawaz Nisar Ali College of Resource and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Horticulture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the potential of AM fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metals and its effect on yield of wheat crop. The experiment was conducted in CR Design with four replications during rabi 2012-13. Data showed no increase in grain and shoot yields by AMF inoculation with Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn at different levels but increased root yield, plant height, spike length and hundred grains weight of wheat as compared with uninoculated crop. Post-harvest soil Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contents of 2, 4.4, 2.8 and 2.9 mg·kg-1, respectively were maximum in uninoculated plants treated with Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn at triple of recommended level. No increases in plant P, N, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn uptakes were observed by the inoculation of AMF when compared with uninoculated crop. Maximum plant Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn uptakes of 160.5, 206, 1914.6 and 2653 g·ha-1, respectively were recorded in uninoculated plants applied with Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn at triple of recommended levels. Wheat roots infection intensity by AMF increased with higher AMF soil spores density. Results suggest the potential of phytoremediation of contaminated soil to be improved by the inoculation of crops with AMF.

关键词： AM Fungi Heavy Metals Phytoremediation Nutrients Uptakes and Wheat Yield

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