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Scoping review on vector-borne diseases in urban areas:transmission dynamics,vectorial capacity and co-infection

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 916-939页

作者： Marcus Eder Fanny Cortes noemia teixeira de siqueira filha Giovanny Vinicius Araujo de Franca Stephanie degroote Cynthia Braga Valery Ridde Celina Maria Turchi Martelli Public Health England Sierra Leone Country Office FreetownSierra Leone Aggeu Magalhaes Institute(IAM)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation(Fiocruz) Avenida Professor Moraes Regos/n.Cidade Universitaria.CEP 50RecifePernambuco 740-465Brazil Universidade de Pernambuco(UPE) RecifePernambucoBrazil Liverpool School Of Tropical Medicine(LSTM) LondonUK Secretariat of Health Surveillance Ministry of HealthBrasiliaBrazil University of Montreal School of Public Health(ESPUM) MontrealQuebecCanada IRD(French Institute For Research on Sustainable development) CEPED(IRD-UniversiteParis Descartes)Universites Paris Sorbonne CitesERL INSERM SAGESUDParisFrance

Background:Transmission dynamics,vectorial capacity,and co-infections have substantial impacts on vector-borne diseases(VBDs)affecting urban and suburban populations.Reviewing key factors can provide insight into priority research areas and offer suggestions for potential interventions.Main body:Through a scoping review,we identify knowledge gaps on transmission dynamics,vectorial capacity,and co-infections regarding VBDs in urban areas.Peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2000 and 2016 was searched.We screened abstracts and full texts to select studies.Using an extraction grid,we retrieved general data,results,lessons learned and recommendations,future research avenues,and practice implications.We classified studies by VBD and country/continent and identified relevant knowledge gaps.Of 773 articles selected for full-text screening,50 were included in the review:23 based on research in the Americas,15 in Asia,10 in Africa,and one each in Europe and Australia.The largest body of evidence concerning VBD epidemiology in urban areas concerned dengue and malaria.Other arboviruses covered included chikungunya and West Nile virus,other parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis,and bacterial rickettsiosis and plague.Most articles retrieved in our review combined transmission dynamics and vectorial capacity;only two combined transmission dynamics and co-infection.The review identified significant knowledge gaps on the role of asymptomatic individuals,the effects of co-infection and other host factors,and the impacts of climatic,environmental,and socioeconomic factors on VBD transmission in urban areas.Limitations included the trade-off from narrowing the search strategy(missing out on classical modelling studies),a lack of studies on co-infections,most studies being only descriptive,and few offering concrete public health recommendations.More research is needed on transmission risk in homes and workplaces,given increasingly dynamic and mobile populations.The lack of studies on co-infectio

关键词： Arboviruses Disease vectors Coinfection Urban population Epidemiology Review

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The role of active case finding in reducing patient incurred catastrophic costs for tuberculosis in Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 61-75页

作者： Suman Chandra Gurung Kritika Dixit Bhola Rai Maxine Caws Puskar Raj Paudel Raghu Dhital Shraddha Acharya Gangaram Budhathoki deepak Malla Jens W.Levy Job van Rest Knut Lonnroth Kerri Viney Andrew Ramsay Tom Wingfield Buddha Basnyat Anil Thapa Bertie Squire Duolao Wang Gokul Mishra Kashim Shah Anil Shrestha noemia teixeira de siqueira-filha Birat Nepal Medical Trust KathmanduNepal department of Clinical Sciences Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation The HagueNetherlands department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Research School of Population Health Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia University of St Andrews St AndrewsUK University of Liverpool LiverpoolUK Oxford University Clinical Research Unit KathmanduNepal National Tuberculosis Centre BhaktapurNepal Nick Simons Institute LalitpurNepal Institute for Health Technology Assessment Porto AlegreBrazil

Background:The World Health Organization(WHO)End TB Strategy has established a milestone to reduce the number of tuberculosis(TB)-affected households facing catastrophic costs to zero by 2020.The role of active case finding(ACF)in reducing patient costs has not been determined globally.This study therefore aimed to compare costs incurred by TB patients diagnosed through ACF and passive case finding(PCF),and to determine the prevalence and intensity of patient-incurred catastrophic costs in Nepal.Methods:The study was conducted in two districts of Nepal:Bardiya and Pyuthan(Province No.5)between June and August 2018.One hundred patients were included in this study in a 1:1 ratio(PCF:ACF,25 consecutive ACF and 25 consecutive PCF patients in each district).The WHO TB patient costing tool was applied to collect information from patients or a member of their family regarding indirect and direct medical and non-medical costs.Catastrophic costs were calculated based on the proportion of patients with total costs exceeding 20%of their annual household income.The intensity of catastrophic costs was calculated using the positive overshoot method.The chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare proportions and costs.Meanwhile,the Mantel Haenszel test was performed to assess the association between catastrophic costs and type of diagnosis.Results:Ninety-nine patients were interviewed(50 ACF and 49 PCF).Patients diagnosed through ACF incurred lower costs during the pre-treatment period(direct medical:USD 14 vs USD 32,P=0.001;direct non-medical:USD 3 vs USD 10,P=0.004;indirect,time loss:USD 4 vs USD 13,P<0.001).The cost of the pre-treatment and intensive phases combined was also lower for direct medical(USD 15 vs USD 34,P=0.002)and non-medical(USD 30 vs USD 54,P=0.022)costs among ACF patients.The prevalence of catastrophic direct costs was lower for ACF patients for all thresholds.A lower intensity of catastrophic costs was also documented for ACF patients,although the difference was not statistically signifi

关键词： Tuberculosis Case finding Cost Catastrophic cost Patient-incurred cost Nepal

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