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Spray,droplet evaporation,combustion,and emission characteristics of future transport fuels for compression-ignition engines:A review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 575-613页

作者： Leang So Khuong Nozomu hashimoto Osamu Fujita Division of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Faculty of Automotive Engineering National Polytechnic Institute of Cambodia

This review examines the potential of hydrogen, ammonia, and biodiesel as alternative fuels,focusing on spray dynamics, droplet evaporation, combustion, and emissions. Hydrogen offers superior combustion characteristics but faces challenges in NOxemissions. Strategies like nonpremixed direct injection, increased intake boost pressure, and low-pressure EGR are suggested for robust hydrogen combustion in compression-ignition engines. Control of hydrogen start of injection（SOI） and water injection（WI） are identified as effective techniques for reducing NOxemissions. Ammonia shows inferior combustion and higher NOxand unburned NH3emissions in the same conditions as conventional fuels with conventional engines. Understanding ammonia spray and evaporation conditions is significant for optimizing an ammonia-air mixture and minimizing wall impingement and ammonia trap in the crevice,thereby improving combustion and emission reduction. Increasing intake pressure, injection pressure, and EGR rate, employing a turbulent jet, and preheating ammonia improve efficiency and reduce NOxemissions. Utilizing ammonia combustion requires the implementation of after-treatment systems such as NH3adsorber and De NOxcatalysts to mitigate unburned NH3and NOxemissions. Biodiesel affects the fuel supply system, combustion, and emission characteristics according to its viscosity and density. Increasing injection pressure and blending with volatile fuels enhance spray and combustion. Optimum biodiesel preheating temperatures for the injection pump and injector are crucial for achieving the best pump capacity and spray formation. By utilizing biodiesel-PODE blends and investigating low-temperature biodiesel combustions, there is potential to improve thermal efficiency and PMNOxtrade-off. Therefore, carbon-neutral fuel adoption should be accelerated to mitigate CO2emissions, highlighting the importance of combustion techniques and emissions reduction strategies.

关键词： Carbon-neutral fuels Spray formation Droplet evaporation Injection strategies Combustion efficiency Emission reduction

Regenerative medicine strategies for chronic complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 818-824页

作者： Shogo hashimoto Narihito Nagoshi Masaya Nakamura Hideyuki Okano Department of Orthopedic Surgery Keio University School of Medicine Department of Physiology Keio University School of Medicine

Spinal cord injury is a condition in which the parenchyma of the spinal cord is damaged by trauma or various *** rapid progress has been made in regenerative medicine for spinal cord injury that was previously untreatable,most research in this field has focused on the early phase of incomplete ***,the majority of patients have chronic severe injuries;therefore,treatments for these situations are of fundamental *** reason why the treatment of complete spinal cord injury has not been studied is that,unlike in the early stage of incomplete spinal cord injury,there are various inhibitors of neural ***,we assumed that it is difficult to address all conditions with a single treatment in chronic complete spinal cord injury and that a combination of several treatments is essential to target severe ***,we established a combination therapy of cell transplantation and drug-releasing scaffolds,which contributes to functional recovery after chronic complete transection spinal cord injury,but we found that functional recovery was limited and still needs further ***,for the further development of the treatment of chronic complete spinal cord injury,we review the necessary approaches to the different pathologies based on our findings and the many studies that have been accumulated to date and discuss,with reference to the literature,which combination of treatments is most effective in achieving functional recovery.

关键词： cell transplantation chronic phase complete transection regenerative medicine spinal cord injury

Microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in the development of neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1241-1248页

作者： Tingting Han Yuxiang Xu Lin Sun Makoto hashimoto Jianshe Wei Institute for Brain Sciences Research School of Life Sciences Henan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Henan University Department of Basic Technology Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science

Cellular senescence and chronic inflammation in response to aging are considered to be indicators of brain aging; they have a great impact on the aging process and are the main risk factors for neurodegeneration. Reviewing the microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases will help understand the importance of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the origin and function of microglia and focuses on the role of different states of the microglial response to aging and chronic inflammation on the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, and Parkinson’s disease. This review also describes the potential benefits of treating neurodegenerative diseases by modulating changes in microglial states. Therefore, inducing a shift from the neurotoxic to neuroprotective microglial state in neurodegenerative diseases induced by aging and chronic inflammation holds promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease cytokines Huntington's disease microglia neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurotoxicity Parkinson's disease

Humanoid robot heads for human-robot interaction:A review

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 357-379页

作者： LI Yi ZHU LiXiang ZHANG ZiQian GUO MingFei LI ZhiXin LI YanBiao hashimoto Minoru Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratoryof Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology Zhejang Universityof Technology Hangzhou 310023 China Faculy of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu UniversityUeda 386-8567Japan

The humanoid robot head plays an important role in the emotional expression of human-robot interaction(HRI).They are emerging in industrial manufacturing,business reception,entertainment,teaching assistance,and tour *** recent years,significant progress has been made in the field of humanoid ***,there is still a lack of humanoid robots that can interact with humans naturally and *** review comprises a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art technologies for humanoid robot heads over the last three decades,which covers the aspects of mechanical structures,actuators and sensors,anthropomorphic behavior control,emotional expression,and human-robot ***,the current challenges and possible future directions are discussed.

关键词： humanoid robot head anthropomorphic behaviors emotional expression human-robot interaction

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应对热电材料人工智能领域的大数据挑战

Science China Materials 2024年第4期67卷 1173-1182页

作者：贾雪 Alex Aziz Yusuke hashimoto 李昊 Advanced Institute for Materials Research(WPI-AIMR) Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Tohoku Forum for Creativity Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan

人工智能的发展正在改变材料科学领域.然而,大规模材料数据集中存在错误数据以及利用机器学习预测与温度相关的性质时出现过拟合等挑战.本文以热电材料为例,首先采取一系列合理的方法删除问题数据,从Starrydata2数据库中获得包括7295种... 详细信息

人工智能的发展正在改变材料科学领域.然而,大规模材料数据集中存在错误数据以及利用机器学习预测与温度相关的性质时出现过拟合等挑战.本文以热电材料为例,首先采取一系列合理的方法删除问题数据,从Starrydata2数据库中获得包括7295种成分在不同温度下的92,291个数据.然后,提出了一种基于成分的交叉验证方法避免过拟合.进而,使用梯度提升决策树方法构建了机器学习模型,并获得了显著的R2.最后,使用该模型对Materials Project数据库中的材料进行评估,Ge2Te5As2和Ge3(Te3As)2表现出较高的zT值.理论计算得到n型和p型Ge2Te5As2的最大zT值为1.98和2.12,n型和p型Ge3(Te3As)2的最大zT值为0.58和0.74,表明它们是有潜力的热电材料.本工作提出了一个处理和克服材料科学中的人工智能大数据挑战的示例.

关键词：人工智能大数据机器学习过拟合热电材料材料数据数据库温度相关

A dynamic database of solid-state electrolyte(DDSE)picturing all-solid-state batteries

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 256-262页

作者： Fangling Yang Egon Campos dos Santos Xue Jia Ryuhei Sato Kazuaki Kisu Yusuke hashimoto Shin-ichi Orimo Hao Li Advanced Institute for Materials Research(WPI-AIMR) Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of PhysicsSichuan UniversityChengdu610065People's Republic of China Institute for Materials Research(IMR) Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Tohoku Forum for Creativity Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan

All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a class of safer and higher-energy-density materials compared to conventional devices,from which solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)are their essential *** date,investigations to search for high ion-conducting solid-state electrolytes have attracted broad ***,obtaining SSEs with high ionic conductivity is challenging due to the complex structural information and the less-explored structure-performance *** provide a solution to these challenges,developing a database containing typical SSEs from available experimental reports would be a new avenue to understand the structureperformance relationships and find out new design guidelines for reasonable ***,a dynamic experimental database containing>600 materials was developed in a wide range of temperatures(132.40–1261.60 K),including mono-and divalent cations(e.g.,Li^(+),Na^(+),K^(+),Ag^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Zn^(2+))and various types of anions(e.g.,halide,hydride,sulfide,and oxide).Data-mining was conducted to explore the relationships among different variates(e.g.,transport ion,composition,activation energy,and conductivity).Overall,we expect that this database can provide essential guidelines for the design and development of high-performance SSEs in ASSB *** database is dynamically updated,which can be accessed via our open-source online system.

关键词： Solid-state electrolyte(SSE) All-solid-state battery(ASSB) Ionic conductivity Dynamic database Machine learning

Electronic structure and effective mass of pristine and Cl-doped CsPbBr_(3)

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 167-171页

作者：魏志远魏愉昊徐申东彭舒婷 Makoto hashimoto 路东辉潘旭匡泯泉肖正国何俊峰 Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Structure Optoelectronics and School of Physical Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials Institute of Applied TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource and Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites(LHPs) have attracted great interest owing to their outstanding optoelectronic ***,the underlying electronic structure would determinate the physical properties of *** as for now,limited studies have been done to reveal the underlying electronic structure of this material system,comparing to the huge amount of investigations on the material *** effective mass of the valance band is one of the most important physical parameters which plays a dominant role in charge transport and photovoltaic *** pristine CsPbBr_(3),the Fr?hlich polarons associated with the Pb–Br stretching modes are proposed to be responsible for the effective mass *** this regard,it would be very interesting to explore the electronic structure in doped ***,we report high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) studies on both pristine and Cl-doped CsPbBr_(3).The experimental band dispersions are extracted from ARPES spectra along both ■ and ■ high symmetry *** calculations are performed and directly compared with the ARPES *** results have revealed the band structure of Cl-doped CsPbBr_(3) for the first time,which have also unveiled the effective mass renormalization in the Cl-doped CsPbBr_(3) *** dependent measurements indicate that the chlorine doping could moderately tune the renormalization *** results will help understand the physical properties of LHPs as a function of doping.

关键词： lead halide perovskites electronic structure effective mass

Preoperative albumin-bilirubin score and liver resection percentage determine postoperative liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第14期30卷 2006-2017页

作者： Kazuhiro Takahashi Masahiko Gosho Yoshihiro Miyazaki Hiromitsu Nakahashi Osamu Shimomura Kinji Furuya Manami Doi Yohei Owada Koichi Ogawa Yusuke Ohara Yoshimasa Akashi Tsuyoshi Enomoto Shinji hashimoto Tatsuya Oda Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery University of TsukubaTsukuba 3058-575IbarakiJapan Department of Biostatistics University of TsukubaTsukuba 3058-575IbarakiJapan

BACKGROUND The success of liver resection relies on the ability of the remnant liver to *** of the knowledge regarding the pathophysiological basis of liver regeneration comes from rodent studies,and data on humans are ***,there is limited knowledge about the preoperative factors that influence postoperative *** To quantify postoperative remnant liver volume by the latest volumetric software and investigate perioperative factors that affect posthepatectomy liver *** A total of 268 patients who received partial hepatectomy were *** were grouped into right hepatectomy/trisegmentectomy(RH/Tri),left hepa-tectomy(LH),segmentectomy(Seg),and subsegmentectomy/nonanatomical hepatectomy(Sub/Non)*** regeneration index(RI)and late rege-neration rate were defined as(postoperative liver volume)/[total functional liver volume(TFLV)]×100 and(RI at 6-months-RI at 3-months)/RI at 6-months,*** lower 25th percentile of RI and the higher 25th percentile of late regeneration rate in each group were defined as“low regeneration”and“delayed regeneration”.“Restoration to the original size”was defined as regeneration of the liver volume by more than 90%of the TFLV at 12 months *** The numbers of patients in the RH/Tri,LH,Seg,and Sub/Non groups were 41,53,99 and 75,*** RI plateaued at 3 months in the LH,Seg,and Sub/Non groups,whereas the RI increased until 12 months in the RH/Tri *** to our multivariate analysis,the preoperative albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score was an independent factor for low regeneration at 3 months[odds ratio(OR)95%CI=2.80(1.17-6.69),P=0.02;per 1.0 up]and 12 months[OR=2.27(1.01-5.09),P=0.04;per 1.0 up].Multivariate analysis revealed that only liver resection percentage[OR=1.03(1.00-1.05),P=0.04]was associated with delayed ***,multivariate analysis demonstrated that the preoperative ALBI score[OR=2.63(1.00-1.05),P=0.02;per 1.

关键词： Liver regeneration Albumin-bilirubin score Liver resection percentage Partial hepatectomy Human Regeneration index

The Emergent Constructive Approach to Evolinguistics:Considering Hierarchy and Intention Sharing in Linguistic Communication

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第6期29卷 675-696页

作者： Takashi hashimoto School of Knowledge Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(JAIST)Nomi 923-1292Japan

Evolinguistics is an attempt to clarify the origins and evolution of language and communication,thereby deepening our understanding of humans from an evolutionary *** origins of language is characterized by the biological evolution of abilities related to language and communication,and the evolution of language by the structuralization and complexification of language knowledge as well as communication systems through cultural *** Evolinguistics,two idiosyncrasies of human linguistic communication are the primary focus,namely,using hierarchically organized symbol sequences in language and sharing intentions in *** believe that the integration of these two characteristics made humans co-creative and smart,and in particular gave us knowledge co-creation *** emergent constructive approach plays an important role in this research,which is a methodology to analyze complex systems by constructing and operating the evolutionary and emergent process of complex *** studies taking this approach are introduced in this *** is a language evolution experiment in a laboratory to consider the process,mechanisms,and neural basis of symbolic communication *** other is an evolutionary simulation of recursive combination,which is thought of as the essential ability to form hierarchical structures.A hypothesis integrating intention sharing and recursive combination is discussed as an abductive reasoning mechanism for understanding others intentions.

关键词： Evolinguistics origins and evolution of language hierarchy intention sharing symbolic communication recursive combination abduction