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Spectral vegetation indices as the indicator of canopy photosynthetic productivity in a deciduous broadleaf forest

Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第5期6卷 393-407页

作者： Hiroyuki Muraoka Hibiki M.Noda Shin Nagai Takeshi Motohka Taku M.Saitoh Kenlo N.Nasahara nobuko saigusa Institute for Basin Ecosystem Studies Gifu University1-1 YanagidoGifu501-1193 Japan Faculty of Life and Environment Sciences University of TsukubaTsukuba305-8572 Japan Research Institute for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC)Yokohama236-0001 Japan Earth Observation Research Center Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyTsukuba305-8505 Japan Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukuba205-8506 Japan

Aims Understanding of the ecophysiological dynamics of forest canopy photosynthesis and its spatial and temporal scaling is crucial for revealing ecological response to climate change.Combined observations and analyses of plant ecophysiology and optical remote sensing would enable us to achieve these studies.In order to examine the utility of spectral vegetation indices(VIs)for assessing ecosystem-level photosynthesis,we investigated the relationships between canopy-scale photosynthetic productivity and canopy spectral reflectance over seasons for 5 years in a cool,temperate deciduous broadleaf forest at‘Takayama’super site in central Japan.Methods Daily photosynthetic capacity was assessed by in situ canopy leaf area index(LAI),(LAI×Vcmax[single-leaf photosynthetic capacity]),and the daily maximum rate of gross primary production(GPPmax)was estimated by an ecosystem carbon cycle model.We examined five VIs:normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI),green–red vegetation index(GRVI),chlorophyll index(CI)and canopy chlorophyll index(CCI),which were obtained by the in situ measurements of canopy spectral reflectance.Important Findings Our in situ observation of leaf and canopy characteristics,which were analyzed by an ecosystem carbon cycling model,revealed that their phenological changes are responsible for seasonal and interannual variations in canopy photosynthesis.Significant correlations were found between the five VIs and canopy photosynthetic capacity over the seasons and years;four of the VIs showed hysteresis-type relationships and only CCI showed rather linear relationship.Among the VIs examined,we applied EVI–GPPmax relationship to EVI data obtained by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to estimate the temporal and spatial variation in GPPmax over central Japan.Our findings would improve the accuracy of satellite-based estimate of forest photosynthetic productivity in fine spatial and temporal resolutions,which are necessary for detecting any response of terrestr

关键词： canopy photosynthesis deciduous broadleaf forest phenology remote sensing vegetation index

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PnET-CN模型对东亚森林生态系统碳通量模拟的适用性和不确定性分析

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自然资源学报 2014年第9期29卷 1453-1464页

作者：石浩王绍强黄昆周蕾王辉民韩士杰周国逸 Takeshi Ohta nobuko saigusa Ichiro Tamagawa Takashi Hirano 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室中国科学院大学中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所中国科学院华南植物园 Graduate School of BioagriculturalSciences Nagoya University Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies River Basin Research Center Gifu University Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido University

东亚地区森林类型多样,开展区域生态系统碳循环模拟时应考虑森林类型的差异。论文利用基于叶氮浓度-最大净光合作用速率关系的PnET-CN模型,对东亚地区8个森林生态系统通量观测站点的总生态系统碳交换(GEE)和生态系统呼吸(RE)进行模拟,... 详细信息

东亚地区森林类型多样,开展区域生态系统碳循环模拟时应考虑森林类型的差异。论文利用基于叶氮浓度-最大净光合作用速率关系的PnET-CN模型,对东亚地区8个森林生态系统通量观测站点的总生态系统碳交换(GEE)和生态系统呼吸(RE)进行模拟,以探讨模型的适用性并对不确定性来源进行分析。研究结果表明:1PnET-CN模型能较为准确地模拟东亚地区大部分森林生态系统站点的GEE和RE;2模型的适用性排序依次为温带、寒温带、亚热带、热带,模型未能很好地模拟热带湿地森林GEE和RE的季节与年际变异;3在同一气候区中,PnET-CN模型更加适用于针叶林碳交换的模拟;4PnET-CN模型比较准确地反映了东亚森林生态系统GEE、RE对气候因子(例如,温度或辐射)的响应,但在低温、较弱辐射条件下模型低估了GEE,在高温或较强辐射条件下高估了GEE;在低温条件下模型低估了RE,在高温条件下模型高估了RE。针对东亚多个森林通量站点的模拟情况,论文提出模型应在以下方面进行改进:1PnET-CN模型计算物候时除了考虑温度之外还应加入土壤湿度的影响,并对不同气候区森林生态系统赋予不同叶片凋落时长;2PnET-CN模型中温度对GEE的限制以及光合最适温度应该根据不同站点设置;3PnET-CN模型应该考虑森林生态系统对环境胁迫的适应性,加强对干旱等干扰的模拟;4同时对于拥有复杂水文条件的森林生态系统应该改进土壤含水量的算法,以准确反映该类型森林生态系统GEE和RE的季节变化。

关键词：叶氮浓度碳氮耦合循环森林生态系统 PnET-CN模型适用性不确定性

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基于涡度协方差法和生理生态法对落叶松林CO_2通量的初步研究

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植物生态学报 2007年第1期31卷 118-128页

作者：王文杰祖元刚王辉民杨逢建三枝信子小池孝良山本晋东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室哈尔滨150040 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 产业技术综合研究所环境管理技术研究部门日本筑波305-8569 北海道大学北方生物圈野外科学中心冈山大学大学院

摘要该文利用涡度协方差法和生理生态学方法（不同分量的累积和）获得的通量观测数据，对老山落叶松（／．ar．执矿渤戚）林（45＂20’N，127。34’E）的碳收支进行了分析。通过对每0．5h所测数据进行的分析表明，能量平衡达到75％，说... 详细信息

摘要该文利用涡度协方差法和生理生态学方法（不同分量的累积和）获得的通量观测数据，对老山落叶松（／．ar．执矿渤戚）林（45＂20’N，127。34’E）的碳收支进行了分析。通过对每0．5h所测数据进行的分析表明，能量平衡达到75％，说明涡度协方差法适应于本站的研究。较阴天气情况下，林分光照利用效率显著高于晴朗天气，可能归因于阴天较多的散射光。以单位土地面积计算发现，通过涡度协方差法计算的落叶松林生态系统的总初级生产力在20一50tmaol·m12·s11之间，远高于冠层叶片的总光合速率9．8—23．4pmol·m12·s11（平均值16．2tmaol·m12·s11），而当综合考虑冠层光合和林下植物光合作用时，两种方法测定结果吻合性较好，说明林下植物对落叶松林碳平衡有重要影响。在估计森林生态系统呼吸方面，以有风夜晚净生态系统交换量（Ⅳj晒）来代表生态系统呼吸总量（3．9tmaol·m｜2·s。）低估了生态系统呼吸总量，粗略估计较生理生态学方法（不同呼吸分量的累积和）低估了50％左右（14．2tmaol·m12·s11）。结果发现两种方法在估计森林碳平衡方面存在一定的差异，呼吸量的估计差异应是今后研究的重点。

关键词：落叶松林碳通量呼吸速率非同化器官光合速率涡度协方差法生理生态学分量总和法

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Creation of crystal structure reproducing X-ray diffraction pattern without using database

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 946-954页

作者： Joohwi Lee Junpei Oba nobuko Ohba Seiji Kajita Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc.41-1 YokomichiNagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan

When a sample’s X-ray diffraction pattern(XRD)is measured,the corresponding crystal structure is usually determined by searching for similar XRD patterns in the database.However,if a similar XRD pattern is not found,it is tremendously laborious to identify the crystal structure even for experts.This case commonly happens when researchers develop novel and complex materials.In this study,we propose a crystal structure creation scheme that reproduces a given XRD pattern.We employed a combinatorial inverse design method using an evolutionary algorithm and crystal morphing(Evolv&Morph)supported by Bayesian optimization,which maximizes the similarity of the XRD patterns between target one and those of the created crystal structures.For sixteen different crystal structure systems with twelve simulated and four powder target XRD patterns,Evolv&Morph successfully created crystal structures with the same XRD pattern as the target(cosine similarity 99%for the simulated ones and>96%the experimentally measured ones).Furthermore,the present method has merits in that it is an automated crystal structure creation scheme,not dependent on a database.We believe that Evolv&Morph can be applied not only to determine crystal structures but also to design materials for specific properties.

关键词： properties crystal structure

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Applications of image analysis in plant chromosome and chromatin structure study

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Quantitative Biology 2022年第3期10卷 226-238页

作者： nobuko Ohmido Astari Dwiranti Seiji Kato Kiichi Fukui Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe UniversityKobe 657-8501Japan Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Biological System(CEMBIOS)Research Group Department of BiologyFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversitas IndonesiaDepok CampusWest Java 16424Indonesia Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

Background:The use of image analysis to understand the structure of chromosome and chromatin is critical to the study of genetic evolution and diversification.Furthermore,a detailed chromosome map and the structure of chromatin in the nucleus may contribute to the plant breeding and the study of fundamental biology and genetics in organisms.Results:In plants with a fully annotated genome project,such as the Leguminosae species,the integration of genetic information,including DNA sequence data,a linkage map,and the cytological quantitative chromosome map could further improve their genetic value.The numerical parameters of chromocenters in 3D can provide useful genetic information for phylogenetic studies of plant diversity and heterochromatic markers whose epigenetic changes may explain the developmental and environmental changes in the plant genome.Extended DNA fibers combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed the highest spatial resolution of the obtained genome structure.Moreover,image analysis at the nano-scale level using a helium ion microscope revealed the surface structure of chromatin,which consists of chromatin fibers compacted into plant chromosomes.Conclusions:The studies described in this review sought to measure and evaluate chromosome and chromatin using the image analysis method,which may reduce measurement time and improve resolution.Further,we discussed the development of an effective image analysis to evaluate the structure of chromosome and chromatin.An effective application study of cell biology and the genetics of plants using image analysis methods is expected to be a major propeller in the development of new applications.

关键词： CHIAS chromosome chromatin extended DNA fiber helium ion microscopy nucleus plants

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Forest-CEW:一个模拟森林“能-碳-水”过程的生态系统模型

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海南大学学报（自然科学版） 2018年第3期36卷 285-292页

作者：谭正洪曾继业刘曙光彭书时朱彪徐湘涛陈德祥三枝信子海南大学环境与生态学院海南海口570228 日本国立环境研究所中南林业科技大学生命科学学院南方林业生态应用技术国家工程实验室湖南长沙410004 北京大学城市与环境学院北京100871 美国哈佛大学有机体与进化生物学系麻省剑桥02138 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所广东广州510520

过程模型是探究生态系统内部运行机制的一个重要手段,但在这方面,我国目前所开展的原创性工作还比较少,鉴此,本文介绍了一个自主研发的、复杂程度适中、用户易于使用、结构合理、过程机理明确、接口丰富的生态系统过程模型,同时将其命名... 详细信息

过程模型是探究生态系统内部运行机制的一个重要手段,但在这方面,我国目前所开展的原创性工作还比较少,鉴此,本文介绍了一个自主研发的、复杂程度适中、用户易于使用、结构合理、过程机理明确、接口丰富的生态系统过程模型,同时将其命名为Forest-CEW.该模型借鉴了陆面过程模式的框架,对现有的知识进行了整合,而且它还注重对环境生物物理过程和生理过程的刻画,具有友好的用户界面设计.为了验证模型的模拟效果,本文还将其模拟的结果与日本苫小牧站的实测数据进行了对比与分析,结果表明:其模拟效果非常理想,实测和模拟结果的线性回归斜率接近1. 0,决定系数达到了0. 88,并且其可以成功地再现生态系统的内部主要过程.此外,通过在实践中的不断改进,该模型还有望给业界提供更多有益的信息,从而使人们对生态系统的内部过程有更深入的理解.

关键词：环境生物物理生理基础动态植被模型森林生态系统

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Quasi-MOF-immobilized metal nanoparticles for synergistic catalysis

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第11期63卷 1601-1607页

作者： Liyu Chen nobuko Tsumori Qiang Xu AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory(ChEM-OIL) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)YoshidaSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan Toyama National College of Technology 13 Hongo-machiToyama 939-8630Japan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China

Through partial deligandation of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),quasi-MOFs with a transition structure between MOFs and metal compounds(such as metal oxides,nitrides,sulfides,and phosphides)can be fabricated.Quasi-MOFs can not only retain the porous structure of MOFs to a certain extent,but also expose the inorganic nodes to the guest species(e.g.,metal nanoparticles)to show enhanced metal-support interaction for synergistic catalysis.This concept was first demonstrated by our group through calcining Au/MIL-101 at different temperatures under Ar flow to adjust the interface between Au nanoparticles and the inorganic Cr–O nodes.The obtained Au/quasi-MIL-101 showed superior enhanced catalytic activity in the oxidation of carbon monoxide.This study has inspired further research interest to fabricate other quasi-MOFs through controlled deligandation of mono-and bimetallic MOFs and their composites for the design of efficient catalysts.

关键词： MOFs metal nanoparticles metal-support interaction quasi-MOFs synergistic catalysis

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Immobilizing palladium nanoparticles on boron-oxygen-functionalized carbon nanospheres towards efficient hydrogen generation from formic acid

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Nano Research 2019年第12期12卷 2966-2970页

作者： Shan Zhong nobuko Tsumori Mitsunori Kitta Qiang Xu Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)IkedaOsaka 563-8577Japan Graduate School of Engineering Kobe UniversityKobeHyogo 657-8501Japan Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Toyama National College of Technology13 Hongo-machiToyama 939-8630Japan AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory(ChEM-OIL) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)Kyoto 606-8501Japan

Carb on nanospheres(XC-72R)were functionalized by boron-oxygen(B-O)through coannealing with boric acid,to which highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles(Pd NPs)(-1.7 nm)were immobilized by a wet chemical reduction for the first time.The resultant Pd/OB-C catalystexhibits significantly improved activity for the dehydrogenation from formic acid(FA)compared to pristine XC-72R supported Pd NPs(Pd/C).Impressively,by adding melamine precursor,the B-0 and nitrogen(N)-functionalized product OB-C-N displays an extremely high B content,ca.34 times higher than OB-C.The Pd/OB-C-N catalyst with an ultrafine Pd particle size of-1.4 nm shows a superb activity,with a turnoverfrequency(TOF)as high as 5,354 h^-1 at 323 K,owing to the uniform ultrafine Pd NPs and the effect from B-0 and N functionalities.

关键词： boron-oxygen function alization palladium formic acid heterogeneous catalysis hydrogen generation carbon nanosphere

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Solid-solution alloy nanoclusters of the immiscible gold-rhodium system achieved by a solid ligand-assisted approach for highly efficient catalysis

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Nano Research 2020年第1期13卷 105-111页

作者： Xinchun Yang Zhangpeng Li Mitsunori Kitta nobuko Tsumori Wenhan Guo Zitao Zhang Jianbo Zhang Ruqiang Zou Qiang Xu Institute of Electrochemical Energy National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)IkedaOsaka563-8577Japan Graduate School of Engineering Kobe UniversityNada KuKobeHyogo657-8501Japan Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Toyama National College of TechnologyToyama939-8630Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Centre for High-Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing100094China AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory YoshidaSakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan

Striking effects are expected in solid-solution alloying,which offers enormous possibilities for various applications,especially in industrial catalysis.However,phase diagrams have revealed that a wide range of metallic elements are immiscible with each other even above their melting points.Achieving such unknown alloying between different immiscible metallic elements is highly desirable but challenging.Here,for the first time,by using an innovative solid ligand-assisted approach,we achieve the solid-solution alloying between the bulk-immiscible Au and Rh in plenty of clean,ultrafine(∼1.6 nm)and highly dispersed nanoclusters.The solid-solution alloying of immiscible Au and Rh significantly enhances their catalytic performance toward the hydrogen evolution from formic acid in contrast to the monometallic Au and Rh nanoclusters.Moreover,the resultant binary solid-solution nanoclusters are stable without any segregation during catalytic reactions.The approach demonstrated here for homogeneously mixing the immiscible metals at the atomic scale will benefit the creation of advanced alloys and their catalytic applications in future.

关键词： solid-solution alloys metal nanoclusters formic acid dehydrogenation heterogeneous catalysis

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An Economic Model of Bystanders’ Behaviour

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第1期4卷 33-38页

作者： Yuriko Isada nobuko Igaki Aiko Shibata School of Policy Studies Kwansei Gakuin University Hyogo Japan Board of Trustee International Christian University Tokyo Japan

In this paper, we deal with a classroom where bullying is occurring and assume that if a number of bystanders who tattle bullying exceeds a threshold, then bullying is stopped. Bystanders’ behaviour is formulated as a non-cooperative game, with negative externality, retaliation cost and reporting cost. Our research shows that to stop bullying, it is useful to raise the cost of negative externality and to reduce the retaliation cost and or the reporting cost. Additionally, it is shown that small class is effective in preventing bullying.

关键词： Bullying Non-Corporative Game Small Class Free Rider

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