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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第12期4卷 1128-1133页

作者： Love Nma Allison Kelechi Stanley Dike Finnian Nlemadim Opara Monica Nweke Ezike Anthonia nnenna Amadi Department of Animal and Environmental Biology Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Biology Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Biotechnology Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Zoology Micheal Okpara Federal University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Microbiology Unit Department of Science Laboratory Technology Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo Nigeria

Azadirachta indica, Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus and Annona squamosa were screened and evaluated for their phytochemical composition and larvicidal effects on Anopheles gambiense and Culex quinquefasciatus. The bioassay results showed that the effects were dependent on time and concentration of extract used. Cymbopogon citratus and Citrus sinesis at 20 mg/ml had the highest mortality effect on Anopheles gambiense after 72 h. Citrus sinensis was more effective against Culex quinquefasciatus. Aqueous extracts of these plants were found to have less larvicidal effect against the mosquito vectors. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids in all herbs. Alkaloids were present in Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus and Annona squamosa while Citrus sinesis and Azadirachta indica were positive for tannins.

关键词： Azadirachta indica Citrus sinensis Cymbopogon citratus Annona squamosa Anopheles gambiense Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicidal Mosquitoes Effect

Vaccination Coverage and Its Determinants in Children Aged 11 - 23 Months in an Urban District of Nigeria

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World Journal of Vaccines 2014年第4期4卷 175-183页

作者： Beckie nnenna Tagbo Christopher Bismarck Eke Babatunde Ishola Omotowo Chika Nwanma Onwuasigwe Edelu Benedict Onyeka Ukoha Oluchi Mildred Institute of Child Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria

Background/Objectives: Performance of the vaccination programme in Nigeria is lower than the regional average as well the 95% target necessary for sustained control of vaccine preventable diseases. This study is aimed at assessing the vaccination coverage and its associated factors in children aged 11 - 23 months in Enugu Metropolis. Methods: A cross sectional study in which caregivers and their children pair, aged 11 - 23 months attending children’s outpatient clinics in Enugu metropolis was undertaken. Respondents were selected consecutively while data were collected using pretested interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 while level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of full vaccination. Results: Of 351 subjects studied, 84.9% (298) were fully immunized according to the national programme on immunization schedule using both vaccination cards and history. The OPV0, OPV3, pentavalent-1, pentavalent-3 and measles coverage at the time of survey were 100.0%, 97.2%, 98.0%, 98.6%, 96.9% and 95.4%, respectively. On logistic regression: maternal occupation (government employees), children born in government hospitals and knowledge of when to start and complete vaccinations in a child were the likely predictors for completion of full vaccination in the children. Conclusion: The vaccination coverage among the study group was adjudged to be relatively high. Delivery of a child in a government hospital and the knowledge of the age when routine vaccinations should begin and end in a child were the independent predictors of the high vaccination coverage rate observed. Awareness and health education efforts in government tertiary hospitals should be extended to private and other hospitals to improve and sustain national vaccination coverage in Nigeria.

关键词： Vaccination Immunization Coverage Children Nigeria

Adjuvant effect of a synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate on chloroquine phosphate, against Plasmodium berghei

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Health 2012年第8期4卷 448-451页

作者： Maduike C. O. Ezeibe nnenna P. Elendu-Eleke Obianuju N. Okoroafor Augustine A. Ngene Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Effect a synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate (AMS) has on chloroquine was tested. Thirty, Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, in three experimental groups (7 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) of 10 mice each, were treated. Two subgroups, in each experiment, were treated with chloroquine and with a chloroquine-AMS drug formulation, respectively. Five of the infected mice served as controls. Parasitaemia (%), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red Blood Cells (RBC), rectal temperature and body weight were assessed. Parasitaemia of subgroups treated at 7 mg/kg were higher than that of the control. Also, at 7 mg/kg, there was mortality with chloroquine (20%) and with the chloroquine-AMS drug (80%). At 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg, the AMS significantly (P < 0.05) improved ability of chloroquine to reduce plamodial parasitaemia, from 2.46 ± 0.21 to 1.57 ± 0.25 and from 3.82 ± 0.06 to 2.12 ± 0.08. It also significantly (P < 0.05) improved means of Hb and RBC from 12.25 ± 0.27 and 88.99 ± 5.72 to 12.68 ± 0.18 and 92.91 ± 4.01 and from 10.18 ± 3.00 and 63.39 ± 18.02 to 12.98 ± 0.47 and 95.23 ± 5.32. Body weight increased at 5 mg/kg, from 29.06 ± 1.95 to 32.66 ± 2.10 kg (P < 0.05) while at 3 mg/kg, rectal temperature reduced from 37.35 ± 0.32 to 36.84oC ± 0.23oC (P < 0.05). These results suggest, AMS worsened chloroquine toxicity at 7 mg/kg but potentiated its antiplasmodial activities at the lower doses.

关键词： Antiplasmodial Resistance Chloroquine Toxicity Synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate

Use of ultrasound as the initial screening exam for hepatocellular carcinoma in high risk populations

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第2期3卷 148-154页

作者： Jason B. Welch Richa Shukla nnenna Igbo Ashwani K. Singal Joao Kazan-Tannus Roger D. Soloway Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston USA Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston USA Department of Radiology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston USA

Background: Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high risk populations has traditionally involved the use of ultrasound (US), followed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for confirmation of suspected lesions. The aim of our study was to determine, retrospecttively, in an unselected population of patients with cirrhosis, if an initial US could be as accurate as a subsequent CT or MRI in detecting HCC. Methods: 1600 consecutive cases from 2004-2007 in which US was performed for HCC screening were evaluated. 160 were identified which had an initial US followed by CT or MRI within 6 months. This group included 34 cases of HCC and 126 controls without HCC. Results: 26 cases of HCC were correctly identified by US, representing a sensitivity of 76.5%;the mean alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was 440.4 ng/dL. The other 8 cases had a false negative US;the mean AFP was 212.4 ng/dL. In 125 controls the mean AFP was 17.14 ng/dL. This group had only 12 patients, or 9.6%, with an AFP greater than 20 ng/dL, and only 1 who had an AFP greater than 400 ng/mL. In this study, the positive predictive value of US for detecting HCC was 96.3%, while the negative predictive value was 94.0%. Combining US with the AFP level, and using a cutoff of 20 ng/dL, the sensitivity was increased to 87.5%. In this series of 160 patients, only 2 patients with HCC had a negative US and normal serum AFP. Conclusion: In combination with regular monitoring of AFP levels, US can eliminate more expensive imaging studies until further investigation by CT or MRI of questionable US results or elevated AFP is necessary, thus reducing the overall cost of monitoring these populations.

关键词： Cirrhosis Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Screening Alpha-Fetoprotein

Profiling the Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Outcome of Preterm Delivery in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第8期9卷 1168-1177页

作者： Malachy Chizoba Onyema Vitus Okwuchukwu Obi Johnbosco Ifunanya Nwafor Chinwe Wendy Oliobi Bridget Nkiruka Uche-Nwidagu Assumpta nnenna Nweke Paschal Chijioke Okoye Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Preterm delivery is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality globally. In more than half of the cases, the exact cause is unknown and it is largely unpredictable. Certain maternal, social and demographic characteristics are risk factors and often help to predict and prognosticate the neonatal outcomes. Objective: This study was designed to determine the maternal socio-demographic characteristics and neonatal outcomes of patients managed for singleton preterm delivery in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Method: This was a 4-year retrospective analysis of patients managed for preterm birth from 1st January 2012 through 31st December 2015. Results: Over the study period there were a total number of 623 singleton preterm deliveries in the facility, while there were 9647 deliveries in the facility;the preterm birth rate was 6.5% or 65 per 1000 deliveries. The mean maternal age was 28.79 ± 5.33 while the mean parity was 1.89 ± 1.98. The mean gestational age and birth weight were 33.67 ± 2.62 and 2.30 ± 0.78 kg respectively. Apgar score in 1 minute was 6.89 ± 3.27, while in the 5th minute was 7.95 ± 3.42. Majority of the patients were multiparous and booked for antenatal care in the facility. Most of the preterm labour started spontaneously and were delivered vaginally. The caesarean section rate in this study was 35.5%. Fetal distress and preeclampsia/eclampsia were the commonest indications for caesarean section. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Nearly half of the neonates were born with normal birth weight and 427 (68.5%) were alive at discharge. However, 196 (31.5%) suffered early neonatal death due to prematurity. Maternal parity, booking status and fetal weight were significant determinants of fetal outcome with a p-value 0.05. Conclusion: Birth weight was the most important determinant of neonatal survival and the unbooked patient was an important determinant of poor outcome. Booking for antenatal care and ensuri

关键词： Preterm Delivery Maternal Sociodemographic Characteristics Neonate

Epidemiology and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Southeast, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第8期9卷 1202-1211页

作者： Bridget Nkiruka Uche-Nwidagu Vitus Okwuchukwu Obi Johnbosco Ifunanya Nwafor Assumpta nnenna Nweke Chinwe Wendy Oliobi Malachy Chizoba Onyema Paschal Chijioke Okoye Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the 1st trimester of pregnancy;without timely diagnosis and intervention, ruptured ectopic pregnancy can become a life threatening condition. Objective: This study aims to give baseline indices on the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors and the management of cases of ectopic pregnancy that presented in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki over a 5-year period. Materials and Method: This is a 5-year retrospective study of patients who were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy between January 1st 2012 and December 31st 2016. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Result: During the study period, there were 11,932 deliveries while 7725 Gynaecology patients were admitted. Over the same period there were 156 patients diagnosed and managed for ectopic pregnancy, accounting for 1.31% of all deliveries and 2.0% of all Gynaecological admissions. The modal age group was 26 - 30 years 68 (43.6%), 122 (78.2%) were married, while 34 (21.7%) were single. Nulliparous were 41 (26.3%) and primiparous were 33 (21.2%). The commonest presenting complaints were lower abdominal pain and amenorrhea, and the commonest identified risk factor was previous pelvic inflammatory disease. Most of the cases were ruptured prior to presentation and partial salpingectomy was the management in all tubal pregnancy while two cases were unruptured and had salpingostomy and another case was abdominal pregnancy and had exploratory laparotomy only. Out of 156 women that presented with ectopic pregnancy, 8 (5.1%) died before surgery could be done due to late presentation. Fifty-seven women presented in a state of shock and 9 (5.8%) of the cases were complicated with acute renal failure. Conclusion: Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and early pregnancy loss. Late presentation is a common feature in our environment;hence widespread advocacy on c

关键词： Epidemiology Management Ectopic Pregnancy Abakaliki

Antimicrobial Activities of Plant Extracts against Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第10期15卷 847-857页

作者： Euslar nnenna Onu Donatus Chukwuma Ilang Cornelius Ituma Azi Theophilus Onwe Eze Chinedu Obasi Akpa Oluwatoyin Oluwatosin Kelechi-Mathew Okechukwu Emmanuel Ogbonna Samuel Eleojo Agada Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biological Sciences Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State Nigeria Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust Manchester United Kingdom Park Hospital Burntstump Country Park Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Haematology Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Stems and Regenerative Medicine University of Chester Chester United Kingdom Department of Biotechnology University of Chester Chester United Kingdom

Antibiotic-resistant genes have become a threat to synthetic or conventional medications and because of this much work has been done on using plants and plants part to treat disease caused by bacteria, Herbal medicine has served as effective treatment against various diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and multi drug-resistant strains of bacteria which made it advantageous over synthetic medications. This study aimed to reveal the sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical isolate and perform antibacterial assay on the organism using plants leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, Sida acuta, Newbouldia laevia and Mimosa pudica. Gram staining and various biochemical test were used for the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The plants leaves were aseptically washed, dried and ground into fine powder and diluted in varying concentration and agar well diffusion method was used to test for the antimicrobial properties of this plants on Streptococcus pneumoniae at various concentrations as follows 0.1 g/ml, 0.4 g/ml, 0.6 g/ml and 1 g/ml. The plants extract of Ocimum gratissimum showed a greater antibacterial effects on Streptococcus pneumoniae in high concentration more than other plant extracts while Sida acuta and Newbouldia laevia plant extract showed weak antibacterial properties to the organism. This proves that Ocimum gratissimum and Mimosa pudica leaves have good and strong antibacterial properties against Streptococcus pneumoniae than Sida acuta and Newbouldia laevia and can be used as antibacterial agent at adequate concentrations.

关键词： Conventional Herbal Antibacterial Extracts Concentrations

Evaluation of Ear and Facial Indices of Ibibio and Efik Female Children of Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 1-8页

作者： Nsikak Michael Umoh Kelechi Chinkata Uruakpa Eru Eru Mba Michael Effiong Oku Theresa Isamoh nnenna Williams Eric Agim Agaba Samson Omini Paulinus John Emah Gabriel Udo-Affah Department of Anatomical Sciences Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

Background: The ear and face are indispensable and distinctive features for hearing and identification. Objectives: This study was designed to generate anthropometric data of the ear and facial indices of females of Efik and Ibibio children in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, show morphological and aesthetic differences and ethnicity. Methods: A total of 600 female children (300 Efiks and 300 Ibibios) aged 2 to 10 years that met the inclusion criteria were chosen from selected primary schools in Calabar Municipality, Calabar South of Cross River State and from Uyo, Itu of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Standardized measurements of face length, face width, ear length, and ear width were taken with a spreading caliper;the facial (proscopic) and ear (auricular) indices were determined. Results: Efik subjects presented a mean face length of 8.36 ± 0.06 cm, face width of 11.04 ± 0.04 cm, ear length of 4.92 ± 0.02 cm, and ear width of 3.06 ± 0.01 cm. Ibibio subjects had mean values for face length, face width, ear length, and ear width as 8.17 ± 0.05 cm, 10.75 ± 0.05 cm, 4.77 ± 0.03 cm, and 2.94 ± 0.02 cm respectively. The mean facial index and ear index for Efik subjects were 75.68 ± 0.31 and 62.16 ± 0.27 respectively;while the mean facial and ear indices for Ibibio subjects were 74.79 ± 0.36 and 61.80 ± 0.34 respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in face length, ear length, ear width and facial index, with the Efik subjects having higher values than Ibibio subjects (p Conclusion: The results showed hypereuryproscopic face as the prevalent face type among females of both ethnic groups, therefore can be of importance in sex, ethnic, and racial differentiation, and in clinical practice, aesthetics and forensic medicine.

关键词： Anthropometry Ear Facial Indices Identification Nigeria

Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Tuberculosis Patients Attending Hospital within Izzi-Abakaliki in Ebonyi State

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第10期12卷 285-296页

作者： Euslar nnenna Onu Donatus Chukwuma Ilang Cornelius Ituma Azi Theophilus Onwe Eze Chinedu Obasi Akpa Okechukwu Emmanuel Ogbonna Samuel Eleojo Agada Oluwatoyin Oluwatosin Kelechi-Mathew Michael Chinedu Onwe Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biological Sciences Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo Abakaliki Nigeria Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK The Park Hospital Nottingham UK Department of Haematology Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Chester Chester UK Department of Biotechnology University of Chester Chester UK Independent Researcher Birmingham UK

The Antibiogram of the bacterial isolates from Tuberculosis (TB) patients attending hospitals within Izzi-Abakaliki was evaluated. The bacterial isolates were isolated and identified from the sputum samples according to microbiological principles while the antibiotics susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method using Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, Cephalosporin, Cotrimoxazole, Nalidixic acid and Ampicillin. Bacteria isolated include 5 E. coli (25%), 3 Streptococcus pyogenes (15%), 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae (10%), 1 Klebsiella spp. (5%), 3 Haemophilus influenza (15%), 2 Pseudomonas (10%), 3 Proteus spp. (15%), 1 Staphylococcus aureus (10%). The result of Antibiogram shows that E. coli was 100% resistant to Amoxicillin/clavulanate and cotrimoxazole, followed by Streptomycin (80%) and 100% susceptible to Pefloxacin with inhibition zone diameter of 18 mm and 18 mm for Ofloxacin (60%). S. pneumoniae and Klebsiella spp. were highly resistant to Amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%), Gentamycin (100%) and Ampicillin (100%) and 100% susceptible to Pefloxacin with inhibition zone 18 mm, Ciprofloxacin (17 mm). S. pyogenes was resistant to streptomycin and Ceporex, with 100% sensitivity to Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Pefloxacin. Pseudomonas spp. and S. aureus were both 100% resistant to all antibiotics except Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Pefloxacin respectively. Proteus spp. was susceptible to Pefloxacin (100%), Ofloxacin (66.7%) and Ciprofloxacin (66.7%) but highly resistant to Streptomycin (100%) and Ampicillin (100%). Haemophilus influenzae were susceptible to Ofloxacin (100%) and Pefloxacin (100%), with high resistance to Amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) and Ceporex (100%). From the study, Ofloxacin and Pefloxacin are susceptible to all bacteria isolated and are recommended for treatment of the bacterial infection with TB patient.

关键词： Tuberculosis pneumoniae Infection Sputum Antibiotics

Enhancing Private Healthcare Effectiveness in Lagos State, Nigeria: An Overview of the Effect of Quality Improvement Initiatives and Implications for Sustainable Healthcare Delivery

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 93-104页

作者： nnenna Mba-Oduwusi Ifesinachi Eze Tochukwu Osuji Maxwell Obubu Tolulope Oyekanmi Oluwatosin Kolade Ozioma Oguguah Jane Martins Nkata Chuku Alozie Ananaba Rodio Diallo Firdausi Umar Sadiq Emmanuella Zamba Abiola Idowu InSiGHt Health Consulting Limited Ikeja Nigeria Health Systems Consult Limited Abuja Nigeria Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Abuja Nigeria Lagos State Health Management Agency (LASHMA) Lagos Nigeria Health Facility Monitoring and Accreditation Agency (HEFAMAA) Ikeja Nigeria

Background: Nigeria, a nation grappling with rapid population growth, economic intricacies, and complex healthcare challenges, particularly in Lagos State, the economic hub and most populous state, faces the challenge of ensuring quality healthcare access. The overview of the effect of quality improvement initiatives in this paper focuses on private healthcare providers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study assesses the impact of donor-funded quality improvement projects on these private healthcare facilities. It explores the level of participation, perceived support, and tangible effects of the initiatives on healthcare delivery within private healthcare facilities. It also examines how these initiatives influence patient inflow and facility ratings, and bring about additional benefits and improvements, provides insights into the challenges faced by private healthcare providers in implementing quality improvement projects and elicits recommendations for improving the effectiveness of such initiatives. Methods: Qualitative research design was employed for in-depth exploration, utilizing semi-structured interviews. Private healthcare providers in Lagos involved in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project were purposively sampled for diversity. Face-to-face interviews elicited insights into participation, perceived support, and project effects. Questions covered participation levels, support perception, changes observed, challenges faced, and recommendations. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes from interview transcripts. Adherence to ethical guidelines ensured participant confidentiality and informed consent. Results: Respondents affirmed active involvement in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project, echoing literature emphasizing private-sector collaboration with the public sector. While acknowledging positive influences on facility ratings, respondents highlighted challenges within the broader Nigerian healthcare landscape affecting patient numbers. Respondents c

关键词： Private Healthcare Quality Improvement Projects Donor-Funded Initiatives Healthcare Delivery Lagos State Nigeria