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Refractory Oedema of Nephrotic Syndrome in a Resource Poor Setting: A Case Presentation

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2018年第1期7卷 37-46页

作者： nneka chioma okoronkwo Chukwuemeka Ngozi Onyearugha Ikechukwu Frank Ogbonna Department of Paediatrics Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical Centre Umuahia Nigeria

Background: Oedema, a constant feature of childhood nephrotic syndrome can be severe, enough to cause respiratory embarrassment. It can also be refractory to diuretic monotherapy. In such cases, combination of salt poor albumin (SPA) infusion and diuretics has remained the best treatment option. However, the cost of SPA has made it practically unavailable in resource-poor settings. It becomes a therapeutic dilemma when nephrotic syndrome patients of financially-constrained caregivers present with refractory anasarca in a resource-poor settings. Case review: We present a seven-year-old boy with relapsed steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome who presented to Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba, in respiratory distress with anasarca and a weight of 58 kilograms. SPA could not be accessed due to financial constraints. A decision to use fresh whole blood in the place of SPA, in combination with frusemide, achieved a lifesaving diuresis and regression of the anasarca. Conclusion: Whole blood is a good alternative for the treatment of refractory oedema in children with nephrotic syndrome in resource poor settings.

关键词： Nephrotic Syndrome Refractory Oedema Childhood

Antibiotics Prophylaxis in Patients with CAKUT, Does It Actually Prevent UTI? A Single Center Experience at South Africa

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2018年第4期8卷 94-104页

作者： nneka chioma okoronkwo Abdullahi Mudi Cecil Levy Thuli Khumalo G. Moonsamy Department of Paediatrics Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Bayero University Kano State Nigeria Division of Paediatric Nephrology Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital South Africa

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a well-documented risk factor for the development of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Prevention of UTI in this group of patients is advocated due to their increased risk of renal scarring, hypertension and end stage kidney failure. Methods: A 10-year retrospective review of CAKUT patients at the Johannesburg Academic Hospital, who were placed on prophylactic antibiotics over a certain period was done. The rate of UTI, the types of causative organisms isolated and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing UTI were documented. Results: Thirty-six (36) out of 134 patients had been started on prophylactic antibiotics after the diagnosis of CAKUT was made. There was a statistically significant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the rate of UTI (p Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis was very effective in decreasing the rate of UTI in our cohort of patients with CAKUT.

关键词： Antibiotic Prophylaxis Children CAKUT UTI South Africa

A Rare Classical Presentation of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in a Three-Year-Old Male from South East Nigeria: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2016年第8期5卷 243-249页

作者： nneka C. okoronkwo Department of Paediatrics Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba Nigeria

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by obesity, post-axial polydactyly, renal abnormalities, mental retardation, pigmentary retinopathy and hypogenitalism. Diagnosis is rare in early childhood, and only few of the features are present at that age. This is because the disease is slow evolving. However, it is possible to find majority of the component of this syndrome in very young children. A 3-year old very obese male presented with clinical features of sepsis and congestive cardiac failure. He is a product of non-consanguineous marriage with unremarkable family history. Both parents are of the Ibo tribe in Nigeria. Polydactyly was noticed at birth. There was delay in some aspects of his developmental milestone. Examination revealed mild hypertelorism and retrognathia, polydactyly of both feet with syndactyly of the big and second toes. Other findings were short broad hands, mottled pigments on the retina, moderate mental retardation, hypogenitalism, nephrotic syndrome, renal tubulopathy, hyperglycaemia and hypopigmented skin lesions. A case of BBS with all the primary features and some secondary manifestations in a very young child is hereby reported. A high index of suspicion for BBS should be shown in any young child with at least one of the features of this syndrome. This will enhance earlier diagnosis and improve disease outcome.

关键词： Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Early Childhood South East Nigeria Classical Presentation Case Report

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Silver Nanoparticles and Methanol Extracts of Three Indigenous Nigeria Herbal Seeds

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 702-719页

作者： Prisca nneka Onuoha Nuria Chinonyerem Oganezi Christopher Uche okoronkwo Uzoaga Linda Nkiruka Peter Azikiwe Onwualu Department of Food Science and Technology Abia State University Uturu Nigeria African University of Science and Technology Abuja Nigeria

The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNPs capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNPS of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNPS PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNPS. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNPS, PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.

关键词： Piper guineense (PG) or Uziza Monodora myristica (MM) or Ehuru and Capsicum annum (CA) or Cayenne Pepper Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX) Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) 2 2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl Radical Scavenging (DPPH) Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)