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Sonographic Estimation of Visceral Adipose Tissue in an African Population

Health 2015年第5期7卷 653-658页

作者： Thomas Adejoh Idigo Felicitas Ugochinyere Sobechukwu Warric Iwene Onwuzu nkubli fla.ious bobouin Alhamdu Sila Moi Radiology Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Nigeria Medical Imaging Unit Department of Medical Center University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Medical Radiography College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria

Purpose: To establish normal values of sonographically-quantified visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in an African population and to correlate results with biomarkers. Patients and Methods: 100 male and 150 female volunteers were scanned for intra-abdominal adipose tissue thickness. Other parameters obtained include BMI, WC, and blood pressure (BP). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to estimate the degree of relationship in VAT, BMI, WC, and blood pressure. Results: The mean VAT thickness was 25.36 ± 16.42 mm. VAT correlated positively and linearly with age (r = 0.651;p < 0.05), BMI (males: r = 0.745, p < 0.05, and females: r = 0.736;p < 0.05), WC (males: r = 0.797, p < 0.05;females: r = 0.779, p < 0.05), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (Systolic: r = 0.524, p < 0.05, and diastolic: r = 0.535, p <0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound is a useful tool in assessing VAT during routine scans to identify patients at risk of increased blood pressure and cardiac diseases associated with obesity.

关键词： Adipose Tissue Blood Pressure Viscera Ultrasound

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Radiation Field Preference for Radiographic Anatomical Markers by Radiographers in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria

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Open Journal of Radiology 2014年第3期4卷 275-278页

作者： Thomas Adejoh Sobechukwu Warric Iwene Onwuzu fla.ious Bobuin nkubli Nwamaka Ikegwuonu Radiology Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Medical Imaging Unit Department of Medical Centre University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Medical Radiography College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria

Objective: The work aims to determine the radiographers’ preference between primary and secondary radiation fields for imprinting anatomical markers on radiographs. Methodology: Processed radiographs from the darkroom with evidence of radiographic anatomical markings were selected randomly and reviewed using a viewing box, within a 4-week period. The radiation field in which markers were placed was noted for each radiograph. Faintly-appearing and partly coned- off markers were excluded. Simple statistical tools were used to derive central tendency. Result: 623 radiographs were assessed. 89.0% (n = 555) had markers in the primary radiation field while 11.0% (n = 68) were in the secondary radiation field. 98% (n = 611) of markers did not obstruct essential anatomy while 2% (n = 12) did, but the radiographs were neither repeated nor rejected because of the twin reason of reportability and the need to avoid additional radiation dose to patients. Conclusion: Radiographers in the centre preferred the primary radiation field for marker placement to avoid cone-off, cut-off and illegibility which leads to repeat. This, however, does not offer superior advantage to markers placed in secondary radiation field. It is recommended that marker placement preference should be guided by the need for legibility, aesthetics and avoidance of essential anatomy.

关键词： Marker Radiation Field Radiographs Radiographers

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Effective Dose Levels from Computed Tomography of the Head during Contrast Studies in Nigeria

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Health 2015年第8期7卷 915-919页

作者： Thomas Adejoh Nzotta Chukwuemeka Christian fla.ious Bobuin nkubli Joseph Zira Dlama Radiology Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences College of Health Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus Nnewi Nigeria Department of Medical Radiography College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri Nigeria Radiology Department Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Background: Diagnostic reference levels for a number of common diagnostic radiological examinations against which individual centres could compare their performance have been recommended by relevant international agencies. Due to variations in different populations globally, local and national diagnostic reference levels are more reliable. To the best of our knowledge, no centre-specific study has been carried out and national surveys are not available. Objective: To establish a preliminary local and national diagnostic reference level in Nigeria. Methods: A pro-spective and cross-sectional study involving 30 conscious paediatrics and adult patients referred for head computed tomography scan. They were positioned supine and scanned according to the standard protocol for head computed tomography with manual mA selection. The total dose-length products were recorded at the end of the pre-contrast and post-contrast sequences respectively. The pre-contrast dose was taken into cognizance in the determination of the post-contrast value. The effective dose was established by multiplying the dose-length product by 0.0023 ***-1, a conversion coefficient for brain tissue adopted from the European Commission. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: 30 paediatrics and adult patients of mixed gender participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 1 to 74 years with a mean age of 41.47 ± 23.30 years. The pre-contrast effective dose ranged from 1.93 mSv to 3.32 mSv with mean of 2.56 ± 0.51 mSv and 75th percentile of 3.11 mSv while the post-contrast effective dose ranged from 4.06 mSv to 6.97 mSv with mean of 5.27 ± 0.97 mSv and 75th percentile of 6.13 mSv. The mean effective dose from this work and two other isolated studies was 3.0 mSv. Conclusion: Although our quantified doses are below threshold limits for occupational exposures they are higher than the recommended level for the public. A further optimization of sca

关键词： Effective Dose Diagnostic Reference Level Radiographer Computed Tomography Head

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Film-Screen Radiographic Artefacts: A Paradigm Shift in Classification

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2014年第3期4卷 108-111页

作者： T. Adejoh S. W. I. Onwuzu F. B. nkubli N. C. Ikegwuonu Medical Imaging Unit Department of Medical Centre University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Medical Radiography Department University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Radiology Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria

Objective: To propose a new method of classifying film-screen radiographic artefacts. Methodology: A prospective study was carried out at the Radiology Department of a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria between June, 2011 and June 2013. Radiographs were assessed with the aid of a viewing box for artefacts which were arranged according to prior classifications by other researchers. They were subsequently grouped according to pre-arranged format into the new classification. Result: The following groups were observed: packaging (dark), procedure (greyscale), patient (greyscale), pre-processor (dark), processor (greyscale) and post-processor (greyscale). Conclusion: Classification of artefacts based on appearance and stage of introduction into film is easier to understand and remember.

关键词： Artefacts Greyscale Classification

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