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Suitability of Foumban Clays (West Cameroon) for Production of Bricks and Tiles

Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2018年第2期6卷 244-256页

作者： Abiba Mefire Nkalih Pascal Pilate Rose Fouateu Yongue andré njoya Nathalie Fagel Laboratory of Clays Geochemistry and Sedimentary Environments (AGEs) Department of Geology University of Liège Quartier Agora Liège Belgium Laboratory of Applied Geology-Metallogeny Department of Earth Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Belgian Ceramic Research Center Mons Belgium Fine Arts Institute of Foumban University of Dschang Foumban Cameroon

Particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and firing tests were used to determine physico-chemical, mineralogical and technological characteristics of residual lateritic (K1M, Ma2) and alluvial (KB3, KG3) clays from Foumban (West-Cameroon). For technological properties, the samples were pressed and fired over a temperature range of 900°C - 1200°C to determine the open porosity, linear shrinkage, bulk density and compressive strength. Kaolinite (31% - 65%) and quartz (35% - 50%) are dominant in Foumban clays with accessory K-feldspar, plagioclase, illite, smectite, rutile, and goethite. But their proportion changes from one sample to another, having a significant effect on the behaviour of the clay materials: highest proportion of quartz (50%) in sample K1M;relative high feldspars (20%) and illite contents (10%) in KB3 and MA2;high smectite content in KG3 (up to 20%). Chemical analyses indicate high SiO2 (49% - 77%) and low Al2O3 (14% - 23%) contents in the four samples, with comparatively low contents of iron oxides (4% - 7% in samples KB3 and KG3, 2.5% in MA2 and ~1.5% in sample K1M). The particle size distribution of the alluvial clays (KG3 and KB3) differs considerably: 7% to 37% of clay fraction, 20% to 78% of silt, and 15% to 58% of sand, while residual clays (K1M and MA2) present on average 12% of clay, 51% of silt and 37% of sand. Two raw clays (KB3 and MA2) can be used for bricks/tiles production without beneficiation or addition. K1M requires some flux addition to decrease the sintering temperature while KG3 presents poor properties due to the combined occurrence of smectite and a high clayey fraction (37%). Such mineralogical composition is responsible for very high plasticity (PI: 50), high shrinkage (LS: 5% - 16%), low porosity (OP: up to 21%) and high flexural strength (FS: 16 - 23 N/mm2) above 1050°C. This last clay is therefore less appropriate for bricks and roofing tiles production since degreasers must

关键词： Clay Materials Ceramic Properties Physical Characterization Bricks Tiles Cameroon

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Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry of the Ina Syenite (Linté, Central Cameroon) as a Source of Industrial Feldspars

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2022年第3期10卷 287-318页

作者： Soualiou Njimbouombouo Mouliom andré njoya Rose Yongue Fouateu Nguo Silvestre Kanouo Daniel Lamilen Mbila Bernard Charlier Nathalie Fagel Département de Géologie Université de Liège Liège Belgique Département des Géosciences Université de Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroun Mission de Promotion des Matériaux Locaux Yaoundé Cameroun Institut des beaux-arts Université de Dschang Foumban Cameroun Mineral Exploration and Ore Genesis Unit Department of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing Faculty of Mines and Petroleum Industries University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon

The syenite from Ina (Central region of Cameroon) constitutes a 1000 km2 syntectonic batholith intruded in the Paleoproterozoic granitic basement. The aim of this work is to assess the potential of the Ina batholith syenite as a feldspar minerals resource for industrial use through petrographic and geochemical characterization. Most of the rocks are grey coloured and consist of shimmering feldspar phenocrysts in a fine-grained ferromagnesian matrix. Petrography reveals the presence of two major syenite facies: a widely distributed porphyritic syenite and a less-abundant massive syenite. These facies are dominated by phenocrysts of sub-automorphic perthitic orthoclase. Its malgachite face is due to the presence of numerous inclusions of opaque minerals observed by scanning electron microscopy (ESEM-EDX). Plagioclase phenocrysts have a zonal texture characterised microscopically by an oscillatory compositional zonation. Biotite, hornblende and augite, identified by X-ray powder diffraction, are finely disseminated in the feldspar matrix. Quartz appears as small automorphic crystals with maximum abundance of about 4 wt%. The XRF chemical composition reveals, alongside silica (59.29 wt% to 63.27 wt%), significant proportion of alumina (15.82 wt% to 19.80 wt%), potassium and sodium oxides considered as fluxing elements (K2O + Na2O ≥ 10 wt%). The K2O/Na2O ratio varies between 1.65 and 5.51 (average 2.58). Iron and titanium oxides (1 ≥ wt% Fe2O3 + TiO2 ≥ 5), harmful in ceramic industry, are high as in most other feldspathic sources. The characteristics of the Ina syenite are close to most of the syenite ores used worldwide for ceramics and glass raw materials and necessitates purification and beneficiation treatments. Others rock types have been identified at the study site (granite, monzonite, granodiorite) and are considered as inappropriate as a source of industrial feldspars.

关键词： Ina Syenite Petrography Mineralogy Feldspathic Fluxes

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Potential of Some Granites from Foumban (West Region of Cameroon) as Fluxing Materials for Ceramics

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2020年第5期8卷 353-363页

作者： Njimbouombouo Mouliom Soualiou Etone Macka Alexandre Dodo Ondoua Abondo Ebengue Yannick Che Randy Nangah njoya andré Mouncherou Oumar Farouk Ndigui Billong University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

This study focuses on the mineralogical, geochemical and petrographic characterization of three granite rock samples (LTP, LTS and LTMB) from Foumban, West Region of Cameroon. Fusibility tests were carried out on the samples containing the highest amount of alkali to assess the potential of these materials as fluxing admixture for ceramics. The results show that the granite consists of alkaline feldspars, notably orthoclase and microcline of perthitic micro-texture, plagioclases (in particular albite) and also mafic minerals such as amphibole and pyroxene. The quantity of alkali in the samples is quite high (16.83% for LTS, 17.08% for LTMB and 18.87% for LTP) compared to standard data. Fusibility tests carried out on the samples having the highest alkali content (LTMB and LTP) showed that the vitreous phase appears between 1050°C and 1100°C in these samples when they were heated. The Fe2O3 and TiO2 content of LTMB (3.01% and 1.49% respectively) led to a brown colour of its fired product. Therefore, based on their composition, these materials can be used as feldspathic fluxes for the formulation of ceramic products.

关键词： Feldspars Granite Characterization Fusibility Ceramics Foumban Cameroon

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Industrial Potentiality of Alluvial Clays Deposits from Cameroon: Influence of Lateritic Clayey Admixture for Fired Bricks Production

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2013年第5期1卷 236-244页

作者： Aubin Nzeugang Nzeukou Véronique Kabeyene Kamgang Robert Eko Medjo Uphie Chinje Melo andré njoya Patrick Ninla Lemougna Nathalie Fagel Laboratory of Alterology and Engineering Geology Yaounde Cameroun Laboratory of Clays Geochemistry and Sedimentary Environments (AGEs) Boulevard du Rectorat 17 (Bat. B18) Sart Tilman University of Liege Liège Belgium Local Materials Promotion Authority (Mipromalo) Yaounde Cameroun

The cartography and characterization of an alluvial clay deposit from Ebebda (Central region of Cameroon) were carried out in order to assess its suitability for the production of fired clay bricks. The clayey area investigated is ~ 50,000 m2 with an average thickness of the exploitable layer of 2.2 m, suggesting a deposit of about ~2.2 × 105 tonnes of clay. Mineralogy, physico-chemical and thermal analyses as well as firing properties were performed on representative clay samples. Kaolinite and quartz are the major minerals associated to illite. Upon heating to 900℃ - 1200℃, the linear shrinkage varies from 1.5% to 15%, the water absorption from 1.5% to 24% and the bending strength from 2 to 12 MPa. The admixture of lateritic clays (widely available) at 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% allow to decrease the shrinkage and bending strength, and to increase the water absorption. Overall, properties were satisfying the requirement for fired brick with 70% of laterite in the mixture.

关键词： Alluvial Clay Deposit Characterization Lateritic Clay Admixture Brick Cameroon

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