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Neural Mechanisms of Mental Fatigue Revisited: New Insights from the Brain Connectome

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Engineering 2019年第2期5卷 276-286页

作者： Peng Qi Hua Ru Lingyun Gao Xiaobing Zhang Tianshu Zhou Yu Tian nitish thakor Anastasios Bezerianos Jinsong Li Yu Sun Department of Control Science and Engineering College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310000 China Department of Neurosurgery Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine) Shaoxing 312000 China Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE) Center for Life Science National University of Singapore Singapore 117456 Singapore

Maintaining sustained attention during a prolonged cognitive task often comes at a cost: high levels of mental fatigue. Heuristically, mental fatigue refers to a feeling of tiredness or exhaustion, and a disengagement from the task at hand;it manifests as impaired cognitive and behavioral performance. In order to effectively reduce the undesirable yet preventable consequences of mental fatigue in many real-world workspaces, a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms is needed, and continuous efforts have been devoted to this topic. In comparison with conventional univariate approaches, which are widely utilized in fatigue studies, convergent evidence has shown that multivariate functional connectivity analysis may lead to richer information about mental fatigue. In fact, mental fatigue is increasingly thought to be related to the deviated reorganization of functional connectivity among brain regions in recent studies. In addition, graph theoretical analysis has shed new light on quantitatively assessing the reorganization of the brain functional networks that are modulated by mental fatigue. This review article begins with a brief introduction to neuroimaging studies on mental fatigue and the brain connectome, followed by a thorough overview of connectome studies on mental fatigue. Although only a limited number of studies have been published thus far, it is believed that the brain connectome can be a useful approach not only for the elucidation of underlying neural mechanisms in the nascent field of neuroergonomics, but also for the automatic detection and classification of mental fatigue in order to address the prevention of fatigue-related human error in the near future.

关键词： Mental fatigue Functional connectivity Graph theoretical analysis Brain network

时变动态贝叶斯网络模型及其在皮层脑电网络连接中的应用

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物理学报 2016年第3期65卷 392-402页

作者：郭苗苗王昱婧徐桂芝 Griffin Milsap nitish V.thakor Nathan Crone 河北工业大学生物医学工程系天津300130 Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park

大脑执行语言的发音需要顶叶、颞叶、额叶等多个脑区协同完成.皮层脑电具有高时间分辨率、较高空间分辨率和高信噪比等优势,为研究大脑的电生理特性提供了重要的技术手段.为了探索大脑对语言的动态处理过程,利用多尺度皮层脑电(标准电... 详细信息

大脑执行语言的发音需要顶叶、颞叶、额叶等多个脑区协同完成.皮层脑电具有高时间分辨率、较高空间分辨率和高信噪比等优势,为研究大脑的电生理特性提供了重要的技术手段.为了探索大脑对语言的动态处理过程,利用多尺度皮层脑电(标准电极与微电极)分析了被试在执行音节朗读任务时的皮层脑电信号的高频gamma段特征,提出采用时变动态贝叶斯网络构建单次实验任务的有向网络.结果显示该方法能够快速有效地构建语言任务过程中标准电极、微电极以及二者之间的有向网络连接,且反映了大规模网络(标准电极之间的连接)、局部网络(微电极之间的连接)以及大规模网络与局部网络之间的连接(标准电极与微电极之间的连接)随语言任务发生的动态改变.研究还发现,发音时刻之前与之后的网络连接存在显著性差异,且发音方式不同的音节网络间也存在明显差异.该研究将有助于癫痫等神经疾病的术前临床评估以及理解大脑对语言加工的实时处理过程.

关键词：皮层脑电高频gamma 时变动态贝叶斯网络

Quantitative Brain Recovery Assessment Using EEG After Cardiac Arrest

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Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation 2011年第3期2卷 222-225页

作者： Kab-mun CHA nitish.V.thakor Hyun-chool SHIN Dept.of Electronic Engineering Soongsil University

This paper presents a study of measures that enable diagnosis of brain recovery after cardiac arrest by using subband-based Information Quantity(SIQ).By using Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)and Shannon Entropy(SE),brain signals after cardiac arrest are converted into quantitative IQ and this is put into subband-based *** using IQ and SIQ,a comparison and analysis on correlation between measures suggested in this paper and Neural Deficit Score(NDS)is *** goes further by collecting the features in each subband and analyzing the changes in brain signals from the biological *** data is collected from 26 *** on correlation between suggested measures and NDS,this study will allow early assessment of brain recovery after cardiac ***,it is expected that proposed measures could be an assistant index of NDS.

关键词： BMI EEG IQ SIQ brain injury

Systems Neuroengineering: Understanding and Interacting with the Brain

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Engineering 2015年第3期1卷 292-308页

作者： Bradley J.Edelman Nessa Johnson Abbas Sohrabpour Shanbao Tong nitish thakor Bin He Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University SINAPSE Institute National University of Singapore Institute for Engineering in Medicine University of Minnesota

In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunctio

关键词： systems neuroengineering neuroimaging neural interface neuromodulation neurotechnology brain-computer interface brain-machine interface neural stimulation

Using Variations of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials to Quantify Spinal Cord Injury Level

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第10期5卷 99-102页

作者： Hasan Mir Hasan Al-Nashash Douglas Kerr Angelo All nitish thakor Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Department of Neurology Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA

Existing work indicates that the degree of variation of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) signals between a healthy spinal pathway and spinal pathway affected by spinal cord injury (SCI) can be used to evaluate the integrity of the spinal pathway. This paper develops a metric that exploits the time-domain features of SEP signals (relative amplitude, time scaling, and time duration) in order to quantify the level of SCI. The proposed method is tested on actual SEP signals collected from rodents afflicted with focal demyelination SCI. Results indicate that the proposed method provides a robust assessment of the different degrees of demyelination in the spinal cord.

关键词： Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP) Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Signal Morphology

Finger movement inference using M1 neural activities

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Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation 2012年第2期3卷 196-199页

作者： Jonghoon Yoon Kyungjin You Marc H Schieber nitish V thakor Hyunchool Shin Dept.of Electronic Engineering Soongsil University

The paper presents the neural decoding result of finger or wrist movements using the primary motor cortex(M1)neural activities prior to its *** is well known that the observations of motor commands in brain are in advance before motor movements in the central nerve *** potential(RP)for electroencephalogram(EEG)has become an important domain of ***,pre-movement neural responses in M1 primary motor cortex have been *** neural activity data before 1 *** used for neural decoding when the actual movements happened around 1 *** obtained decoding accuracy in novel method reaches as high as 95% with 30 randomly selected neurons.

关键词： neural decoding primary motor cortex (M1) readiness potential Skellambased maximum likelihood brain-machine interface (BM1)

Modified Laser Speckle Imaging with Adaptive Window

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Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation 2010年第3期1卷 238-241页

作者： Ho-young JIN Hyun-chool SHIN Kab-mun CHA Ki-won RHEE nitish thakor Soongsil University Seoul 156-743 Korea Johrls Hopkins University Baltimore 21218 USA

One of the advantages of laser speckle is detecting microvascular through image processing. This paper proposes a new image processing method for laser speckle, adaptive window method that adaptively processes laser speckle images in the space. Disadvantage of conventional fixed window method is that it uses the same window size regardless of target areas. Inherently laser speckle contains undesired noise. Thus a large window is helpful for removing the noise, but it results in low resolution of image. Otherwise a small window may detect micro vascular but it has limits in noise removal. To overcome this trade-off, the concept of adaptive window method is newly introduced to conventional laser speckle image analysis. In addition, the modified adaptive window method applied to other selection images. We have compared conventional Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis （LASCA） and its variants with the proposed method in terms of image quality and processing complexity, Moreover compared the result of the accompamed changing sdection images have also been compared.

关键词： Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis (LASC) adaptive window laser speckle selection image

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双电极不接地ECG记录

国际生物医学工程杂志 1984年第2期 106-112页

作者： nitish V.thakor J.G.Webster 薛求真

引言用于诊断的标准心电图需要十二个导联。但在多数监控应用中只用一个导联(三个电极)就足够了。下面是一些监控应用实例:加强护理和手术室中的ECG监控器、Holter监控器和更复杂的早搏监控器、运动心电图以及生物电遥测。各种监控器都... 详细信息

引言用于诊断的标准心电图需要十二个导联。但在多数监控应用中只用一个导联(三个电极)就足够了。下面是一些监控应用实例:加强护理和手术室中的ECG监控器、Holter监控器和更复杂的早搏监控器、运动心电图以及生物电遥测。各种监控器都希望尽可能少用些电极,这样可以减小电极成本,减少病人身上的接触点。特别值得注意的是,在取消了地电极以后能够消除由于漏电流引起的触电危险。典型的监控结构使用两个有效电极作为差分输入,一个电极作为公共端或接地端。因为差分放大器可以做到高共模抑制比(CMRR)和高输入阻抗,所以这一技术得到了普遍采用。大大减小了干扰。单端输入或不接地系统的缺点是不能

关键词：双电极三电极 ECG 单端放大器不接地