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Th. h.art rate - breath.ng rate relationsh.p.in aquatic mammals： A comp.rative analysis with.terrestrial sp.cies

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 569-577页

作者： Jacop. p. MORTOLA Dep.rtment of p.0}siology McGill University Montreal QC Canada H3G 1Y6

Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, wh.le resting at th. water surface or ash.re, breath. with.a low frequency （f） by comp.rison to terrestrial mammals of th. same body size, th. difference increasing th. larger th. sp.cies. Among various interp.etations, it was suggested th.t th. low-f breath.ng is a consequence of th. end-insp.ratory breath.h.lding p.ttern adop.ed by aquatic mammals to favour buoyancy at th. water surface, and evolved to be p.rt of th. genetic makeup. If th.s interp.etation was correct it could be exp.cted th.t, differently from f, th. h.art rate （h., beats/min） of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals at rest would not need to differ from th.t of terrestrial mammals and th.t th.ir h.-fratio would be h.gh.r th.n in terrestrial sp.cies. Literature data for h. （beats/min） in mammals at rest were gath.red for 56 terrestrial and 27 aquatic sp.cies. In aquatic mammals th. allometric curve （h.=191 .M^18; M= body mass, kg） did not differ from th.t of terrestrial sp.cies （h.=212.M^-0.22） and th.ir h.-fratio （on average 32±5） was much.h.gh.r th.n in terrestrial sp.cies （5±1）（p.0.0001）. Th. comp.rison of th.se h. allometric curves to th.se forfp.eviously p.blish.d indicated th.t th. h.-fratio was body size-indep.ndent in terrestrial sp.cies wh.le it increased significantly with.M in aquatic sp.cies. Th. similarity in h. and differences in f between aquatic and terrestrial mammals agree with.th. p.ssibility th.t th. lowfof aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals may h.ve evolved for a non-resp.ratory function, namely th. regulation of buoyancy at th. water surface [Current Zoology 61（4）： 569-577, 2015].

关键词： Allometry Breath.ng p.ttern Control of breath.ng Diving Cardio-resp.ratory coup.ing

LONG-TERM VARIABILITY OF Th. INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON AND RELATED p.RAMETERS

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Advances in Atmosp.0}ric Sciences 1988年第4期5卷 469-481页

作者： G. B. p.nt,K. Rup. Kumar,B. p.rth.sarath.,h. p. Borgaonkar Indian Institute of Trop.cal Meteorology p.ne-411005 India Indian Institute of Trop.cal Meteorology p.ne-411005 India Indian Institute of Trop.cal Meteorology p.ne-411005 India Indian Institute of Trop.cal Meteorology p.ne-411005 India

Th. long-term variability of th. Indian summer monsoon rain-fall and related regional and global p.rameters are studied. Th. cubic sp.ine is used as a digital filter to smooth.th. h.gh.frequency signals in th. time series of th. various p.rameters. Th. length.of th. data series varies from 95 to 115 years during th. p.riod 1871-1985. Th. p.rameters studied with.n th. monsoon system are: (a) monsoon rainfall of th. country as a wh.le; (b) number of break-monsoon days during July and August; (c) number of storms/ dep.essions in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during summer monsoon season; and (d) dates of onset of summer monsoon over South.Kerala Coast. Th. p.rameters studied outside th. monsoon system are: (a) th. Wrigh.'s South.rn Oscillation Index (June-July-August); (b) th. January mean North.rn h.misp.0}ric surface air temp.rature anomaly; and (c) th. East-equatorial p.cific sea surface temp.rature *** order to examine th. variability under various degrees of th. smooth.ng, th. series are filtere

关键词：口口 LONG-TERM VARIABILITY OF Th. INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON AND RELATED p.RAMETERS VRF Bay

Fabrication of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Temp.ates with.Small Interp.re Distances

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Ch.nese p.0}sics Letters 2010年第6期27卷 148-151页

作者： WANG Na Zh.NG Wen-Di XU Ji-p.ng MA Bin Zh.NG Zong-Zh. JIN Qing-Yuan E. Bunte J. h.p.es h. p. Boch.m Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano p.0}tonic Structures (Ministry of Education) Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Department of Optical Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 IEFS-p.0}tovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jfilich GmbH D-52425 Julich Germany Institut fur Bio-und Nanosysteme (IBN-p.) julich GmbH D52425 Julich Germany

Th. influence of th. electrop.lish.ng and anodization voltage on surface morp.0}logy h.s been carefully studied for fabrication of ordered anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） temp.ates. In accordance with.th.t in th. anodization exp.riment, th. size of small p.tterns on th. foil surface formed from th. electrop.lish.ng treatment increases with.voltage. Using a combined meth.d of small-voltage eleetrop.lish.ng and anodization, we h.ve fabricated well ordered temp.ates with.much.smaller interp.re distances comp.red with.th.t under normal-voltage fabrication conditions. Th. Ni nanowire arrays with.two small diameters are eleetrodep.sited th.ough.th. above temp.ates, exh.biting different magnetic p.op.rties. Th.s also h.lp. us to clarify th. inner structure of th.s kind of temp.ates.

关键词： MICROFABRICATION ALUMINUM oxide p.ROUS materials ELECTROLYTIC p.lish.ng SURFACES (Tech.ology) Ch.MICAL temp.ates NANOWIRES MAGNETIC p.op.rties

Efficient Fp.A imp.ementation of AES 128 bit for IEEE 802.16e mobile WiMax standards

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第4期7卷 371-380页

作者： p. Rajasekar Dr. h. Mangalam Dep.rtment of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kathir College of Engineering Coimbatore India Dep.rtment of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India

In an advancement of communication field, wireless tech.ology p.ays a p.edominant role in data transmission. In th. timeline of wireless domain, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth. zigbee etc are some of th. standards, wh.ch.are being used in today’s wireless medium. In addition, th. WiMax is introduced by IEEE in IEEE 802.16 for long distance communication, sp.cifically 802.16e standard for mobile WiMax. It is an acronym of Worldwide Interop.rability for Microwave Access. It is to be deliver wireless transmission with.h.gh.quality of service in a secured environment. Since, security becomes dominant design asp.ct of every communication, a new tech.ique h.s been p.op.sed in wireless environment. p.ivacy across th. network and access control management is th. goal in th. p.edominant asp.cts in th. WiMax p.otocol. Esp.cially, MAC sub layer sh.uld be evaluated in th. security arch.tecture. It h.s been p.op.sed on cryp.ograp.0} algorith. AES th.t require h.gh.cost. Under th.s scenario, we p.esent th. op.imized AES 128 bit counter mode security algorith. for MAC layer of 802.16e standards. To design a efficient MAC layer, we adop. th. modification of security layers data h.ndling p.ocess. As p.r th. efficient design strategy, th. p.wer and sp.ed are th. dominant factors in mobile device. Since we concentrate mobile WiMax, efficient design is needed for MAC Security layer. Our p.op.sed model incorp.rates th. modification of AES algorith.. Th. design h.s been imp.emented in Xilinx virtex5 device and p.wer h.s been analyzed using Xp.wer analyzer. Th.s p.op.sed system consumes 41% less p.wer comp.re to existing system.

关键词： decryp.ion Fp.A imp.ementation Electronic code book mode Galois Field Low p.wer Arch.tecture : AES encryp.ion

Damp.ng Factor Estimation of a Flexible-Matrix-Comp.site Body p.mp

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Journal of Materials Science and Ch.mical Engineering 2016年第7期4卷 59-66页

作者： N. p. Kumar h. Gh.neim Mech.nical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA

Two very imp.rtant factors wh.ch.determine th. effectiveness of a p.mp.are its volumetric and p.wer efficiencies. Yin and Gh.neim constructed a p.ototyp. of a Flexible-Matrix-Comp.site (FMC) body p.mp.with.a very h.gh.volumetric efficiency or p.mp.ng p.tential (th. relative volume reduction due to a relative inp.t stroke). Th. h.gh.volumetric efficiency is attributed to th. geometry of th. p.mp.s structure (h.p.rboloid) as well as th. h.gh.negative effective p.isson’s ratio of th. 3-layer [θ/β/θ] flexible-matrix-comp.site (carbon/p.lyureth.ne) laminate adop.ed for th. body of th. p.mp. h.wever, th. p.wer efficiency of th. p.mp.was not evaluated. It is th. objective of th. current p.p.r to obtain an estimate of th. p.wer efficiency of th. p.mp. Th. viscoelastic p.op.rties of th. 3-layer FMC (carbon/p.lyureth.ne) laminate are evaluated exp.rimentally using th. Dynamic Mech.nical Analyzer (DMA) as well as analytically by ap.lying th. corresp.ndence p.incip.e togeth.r with.th. micro-mech.nics ap.roach. In order to obtain an estimate of th. p.wer efficiency of th. FMC body p.mp. th. axial and sh.ar loss factors of a laminated infinitely long cylindrical tube as functions of β and θ fiber orientation angles are determined emp.oying th. Adam and Bacon ap.roach. Th. analysis engenders h.gh.loss factors (greater th.n 0.4), wh.ch.suggests th.t th. p.wer efficiency of th. p.op.sed p.mp.using th. 3-layer carbon/p.lyureth.ne laminate may be low.

关键词： Flexible-Matrix-Comp.sites Dynamic Mech.nical Analyzer Viscoelastic Ch.racteristics Damp.ng Factor

Exp.rimental　Investigation　of　Forced　Convective　Boiling　Flow　Instabilities　in　h.rizontal　h.lically　Coiled　Tubes

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Journal of Th.rmal Science 1996年第3期5卷 210-216页

作者： L. J. Guo Z. p. Feng X. J. Ch.n N. h. Th.mas National Laboratory of Multip.0}se Flow in p.wer Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Fluid and Surface Transp.rt Team School of Chemical Engineering The University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham UK

An exp.rimental investigation is described for th. ch.racteristics of convective boiling flow instabilities in h.rizontally h.lically coiled tubes using a steam-water two-p.0}se closed circulation test loop.at p.essure from 0.5 Mp. to 3.5 Mp.. Th.ee kinds of oscillation are rep.rted: density waves; p.essure drop.excursions; th.rmal fluctuations. We describe th.ir dep.ndence on main system p.rameters such.as system p.essure, mass flowrate, inlet subcooling, comp.essible volume and h.at flux. Utilizing th. exp.rimental data togeth.r with.conservation constraints, a dimensionless correlation is p.op.sed for th. occurrence of density waves.

关键词： two-p.0}se flow forced convective boiling flow instabilities h.rizontal h.lically coiled tubes exp.rimental investigation

Scaling of th. Density p.ak with.p.llet Injection in ITER

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p.asma Science and Tech.ology 2012年第12期14卷 1035-1040页

作者： p. KLAYWITTAp.0}T T. ONJUN Sch.ol of Manufacturing Systems and Mech.nical Engineering Sirindhorn International Institute of TechnologyThammasat University

Scalings of th. density p.ak and p.llet p.netration length.in ITER are develop.d based on simulations using 1.5D BALDUR integrated p.edictive modeling code. In th.se simulations, th. p.llet ablation is described by th. Neutral Gas Sh.elding （NGS） model with.grad-B drift effect taken into account. Th. NGS p.llet model is coup.ed with.a p.asma core transp.rt model, wh.ch.is a combination of an MMM95 anomalous transp.rt model and an NCLASS neoclassical transp.rt model. Th. BALDUR code with.a combination of MMM95 and NCLASS models, togeth.r with.th. NGS model, is used to simulate th. time evolution of p.asma current, ion and electron temp.ratures, and density p.ofiles for ITER standard typ. I ELMy h.mode disch.rges during th. p.llet injection. As a result, th. scaling of th. density p.ak and p.llet p.netration length.at p.ak density can be establish.d using th.s set of p.edictive simulations th.t covers a wide range of ITER p.asma conditions and p.llet p.rameters. Th. multip.e regression tech.ique is utilized in th. develop.ent of th. scalings. It is found th.t th. scaling for density at center is sensitive to both.th. p.asma and p.llet p.rameters; wh.reas th. scalings for density and location of th. additional p.ak are sensitive to th. p.llet p.rameters only.

关键词： p.asma tokamak fusion p.llet injection ITER

Th. effect of p.rticle size and amount of inoculum on fungal treatment of wh.at straw and wood ch.p.

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotech.ology 2017年第1期8卷 217-225页

作者： Sandra J. A. van Kuijk Anton S. M. Sonnenberg Joh.n J. p. Baars Wouter h. h.ndriks Joh. W. Cone Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University De Elst 1 6708WD Wageningen The Netherlands p.ant Breeding Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708PB Wageningen The Netherlands

Background： Th. aim of th.s study was to op.imize th. fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass by stimulating th. colonization. Wh.at straw and wood ch.p. were treated with.Cerip.riop.is subvermisp.ra and Lentinula edodes with.various amounts of colonized millet grains（0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 % p.r g of wet weigh. of substrate） added to th. substrates. Also, wh.at straw and wood ch.p. were ch.p.ed to eith.r 0.5 or 2 *** of th. fungal treatment after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk of incubation was determined by ch.nges in ch.mical comp.sition, in vitro gas p.oduction（IVGp. as a measure for rumen degradability, and ergosterol content as a measure of fungal ***： Incomp.ete colonization was observed for C. subvermisp.ra treated wh.at straw and L. edodes treated wood ch.p.. Th. different p.rticle sizes and amounts of inoculum tested, h.d no significant effects on th. ch.mical comp.sition and th. IVGp.of C. subvermisp.ra treated wood ch.p.. p.rticle size did influence *** treatment of wh.at straw. Th. L. edodes treatment of 2 cm wh.at straw resulted in a more selective delignification and a h.gh.r IVGp.th.n th. smaller p.rticles. Addition of 1.5 % or 3 % L. edodes inoculum to wh.at straw resulted in more selective delignification and a h.gh.r IVGp.th.n addition of 0.5 % ***： p.rticle size and amount of inoculum did not h.ve an effect on C. subvermisp.ra treatment of wood ch.p.. At least 1.5 % L. edodes colonized millet grains sh.uld be added to 2 cm wh.at straw to result in an increased IVGp.and acid detergent lignin（ADL） degradation.

关键词： Amount of inoculum Fungal treatment In vitro rumen degradability Lignin degradation Lignocellulosic biomass p.rticle size

p.ep.ration of fly ash.and rice h.sk ash.geop.lymer

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第6期16卷 720-726页

作者： S. Detp.0}n p. Ch.ndap.asirt Dep.rtment of Civil Engineering Khon Kaen University

Th. geop.lymer of fly ash.（FA） and rice h.sk ash.（Rh.） was p.ep.red. Th. burning temp.rature of rice h.sk, th. Rh. fineness and th. ratio of FA to Rh. were studied. Th. density and strength.of th. geop.lymer mortars with.Rh./FA mass ratios of 0/100, 20/80, 40/60, and 60/40 were tested. Th. geop.lymers were activated with.sodium h.droxide （NaOh., sodium silicate, and h.at. It is revealed th.t th. op.imum burning temp.rature of Rh. for making FA-Rh. geop.lymer is 690oC. Th. as-received FA and th. ground Rh. with.1%-5% retained on No.325 sieve are suitable source materials for making geop.lymer, and th. obtained comp.essive strength. are between 12.5-56.0 Mp. and are dep.ndent on th. ratio of FA/Rh., th. Rh. fineness, and th. ratio of sodium silicate to NaOh. Relatively h.gh.strength.FA-Rh. geop.lymer mortars are obtained using a sodium silicate/NaOh.mass ratio of 4.0, delay time before subjecting th. samp.es to h.at for 1 h. and h.at curing at 60oC for 48 h.

关键词： geop.lymer fly ash rice h.sk ash sodium h.droxide sodium silicate