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Colorectal cancer screening in African Americans:practice patterns in the United *** we doing enough?

Gastroenterology Report 2016年第2期4卷 136-140,I0002页

作者： Abhijeet waghray Alok Jaina nisheet waghray Department of Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Background:Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common form of malignancy and a leading cause of death in the United *** decreases CRC incidence and *** Americans are at an increased risk of developing CRC,and recommendations are to initiate screening at the age of *** study aims to assess the rate of screening for colorectal cancer in African Americans between the ages of 45–***:African Americans between the ages of 45–49 were identified in the Explorys national *** who completed a colonoscopy,sigmoidoscopy or fecal occult blood test were identified and stratified by sex and insurance status.A P value<0.05 was considered ***:A total of 181200 African Americans were identified as eligible for *** 31480 patients(17.4%)received at least one screening procedure for *** majority of patients(66.7%)were screened via *** American females were more likely to complete a screening test(17.8%vs 16.7%;P<0.01).The majority of patients(66.0%)who completed a screening test had private ***:Race,gender and barriers to medical care contribute to disparities in CRC screening *** African Americans,CRC screening remains *** public health initiatives,medical record alerts and improved communication between providers and patients are fundamental to addressing issues that impact poor adherence to CRC screening in African Americans.

关键词： colorectal cancer screening race

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Partial IVC Clamping Improves Intraoperative Hemodynamic Parameters in the Rodent Portacaval Anastomosis Model

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Surgical Science 2011年第2期2卷 102-108页

作者： Mehrdad Asgeri nisheet waghray Kevin Mullen Nader Nader Henri Brunengraber Juan Sanabria 不详

The mechanisms involved in the development of hepatic encephalopathy still remain uncertain. The rodent portacaval shunt is a model that reproduces many of the pathological features observed in humans (1), but is a technically demanding exercise. While the traditional technique involves complete occlusion of the IVC, a c-clamp was fashioned to partially clamp the IVC thereby sustaining venous return and cardiac output. The aim of this study is to determine if the c-clamp technique provides greater hemodynamic stability and enhances the success rate of the portacaval shunt procedure. To answer this question, two experimental groups, c-clamp (N = 7) and cross-clamp (N = 7), and a sham group (N = 3) were included. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters were recorded at specific times during the procedure. The c-clamp group showed greater hemodynamic stability when compared to the cross-clamp group. It was manifested by 1) significantly higher mean arterial blood pressure [63 (range, 8) vs 47 (range, 10) mmHg, p < 0.05], 2) faster capillary refill [4 (range, 2) vs 6 (range, 2) seconds, p < 0.05], 3) higher urinary output [0.18 (range, 0.02) vs 0.14 (range, 0.02) ml, p < 0.05], and 4) lower bowel wet-to-dry ratio [4.168 (range, 0.258) vs 4.731 (range, 0.271), p<0.05]. We conclude partial IVC clamping improves hemodynamic stability during the construction of the rat portacaval shunt model.

关键词： Portacaval Anastomosis Portosystemic Shunt Microvascular Surgery Ivc Clamping Surgical Technique Encephalopathy-Like Rodent Model

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