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Adaptive Design of Fluorescence Imaging Systems for Custom Resolution, Fields of View, and Geometries

Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 260-273页

作者： Roujia Wang Riley J.Deutsch Enakshi D.Sunassee Brian T.Crouch nirmala ramanujam Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA

Objective and Impact Statement:We developed a generalized computational approach to design uniform,high-intensity excitation light for low-cost,quantitative fluorescence imaging of in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo samples with a single ***:Fluorescence imaging is a ubiquitous tool for biomedical *** extensively modify existing systems for tissue imaging,increasing the time and effort needed for translational research and thick tissue *** modifications are applicationspecific,requiring new designs to scale across sample ***:We implemented a computational model to simulate light propagation from multiple *** a global optimization algorithm and a custom cost function,we determined the spatial positioning of optical fibers to generate 2 illumination *** results were implemented to image core needle biopsies,preclinical mammary tumors,or tumor-derived *** were stained with molecular probes and imaged with uniform and nonuniform ***:Simulation results were faithfully translated to benchtop *** demonstrated that uniform illumination increased the reliability of intraimage analysis compared to nonuniform illumination and was concordant with traditional histological *** computational approach was used to optimize the illumination geometry for the purposes of imaging 3 different fluorophores through a mammary window chamber *** specifically designed for intravital tumor imaging generated higher image contrast compared to the case in which illumination originally optimized for biopsy images was ***:We demonstrate the significance of using a computationally designed illumination for in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo fluorescence *** illumination increased the reliability of intraimage analysis and enhanced the local contrast of biological *** approach is generalizable across light sources,biological appl

关键词： illumination Fluorescence image

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Multicontrast Pocket Colposcopy Cervical Cancer Diagnostic Algorithm for Referral Populations

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 381-393页

作者： Erica Skerrett Zichen Miao Mercy N.Asiedu Megan Richards Brian Crouch Guillermo Sapiro Qiang Qiu nirmala ramanujam Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Computer Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Computer ScienceDepartment of MathematicsDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Objective and Impact *** use deep learning models to classify cervix images—collected with a low-cost,portable Pocket colposcope—with biopsy-confirmed high-grade precancer and *** boost classification performance on a screened-positive population by using a class-balanced loss and incorporating green-light colposcopy image pairs,which come at no additional cost to the *** the majority of the 300,000 annual deaths due to cervical cancer occur in countries with low-or middle-Human Development Indices,an automated classification algorithm could overcome limitations caused by the low prevalence of trained professionals and diagnostic variability in provider visual *** dataset consists of cervical images(n=1,760)from 880 patient *** optimizing the network architecture and incorporating a weighted loss function,we explore two methods of incorporating green light image pairs into the network to boost the classification performance and sensitivity of our model on a test *** achieve an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve,sensitivity,and specificity of 0.87,75%,and 88%,*** addition of the class-balanced loss and green light cervical contrast to a Resnet-18 backbone results in a 2.5 times improvement in *** methodology,which has already been tested on a prescreened population,can boost classification performance and,in the future,be coupled with Pap smear or HPV triaging,thereby broadening access to early detection of precursor lesions before they advance to cancer.

关键词： boost network backbone

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Medicinal Effects, Phytochemistry,Pharmacology of Euphorbia prostrata and Promising MolecularMechanisms

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期30卷 181-192页

作者： nirmala Kumari Yadav Rakesh Yadav Department of Pharmacy Banasthali VidyapithBanasthali(304022)RajasthanIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Indira Gandhi UniversityMeerpurRewari(122502)HaryanaIndia National Forensic Sciences University Tripura CampusAgartala(799001)TripuraIndia

Euphorbiaceae is a large family of dicotyledonous angiosperms with diverse genera including Euphorbia prostrata(***).Current research has provided scientific evidence for traditional uses of *** against diverse pathological conditions such as anti-hemorrhoidal,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,wound healing,antioxidant,antibacterial,leishmanicidal,antitumor activity,and so *** phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of glycosides,phytosterols,flavonoids,polyphenols,tannins,and anthraquinones with chemical structures elucidation of their respective *** uniqueness of such multifactorial compounds present in this species endorses it as the potent therapeutic or prophylactic choice for several fatal *** ethnomedical applications served as a significant citation for pharmacology,the molecular mechanism has not been reviewed *** present paper provides a comprehensive review of research outcomes,pharmacology,toxicology,and molecular signaling of phytochemicals of *** species as a reference for relevant *** study of bioactive compounds in crude extracts and fractions,the demonstration of primary mechanisms of pharmacology,along with the addition of toxicity,and clinical trials,should be conceded in *** review underlines the *** species that can be a promising phytomedicine since we are committed to excavating more intensely into their pharmacological role.

关键词： Euphorbia prostrata Euphorbiaceae phytochemicals ethnomedical applications toxicology molecularmechanism

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Bus Encoded LUT Multiplier for Portable Biomedical Therapeutic Devices

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2017年第1期53卷 37-47页

作者： R.Praveena S.nirmala Sengunthar college of Engineering Muthayammal Engineering College

DSP operation in a Biomedical related therapeutic hardware need to beperformed with high accuracy and with high speed. Portable DSP hardware’s likepulse/heart beat detectors must perform with reduced operational power due to lack ofconventional power sources. This work proposes a hybrid biomedical hardware chip inwhich the speed and power utilization factors are greatly improved. Multipliers are thecore operational unit of any DSP SoC. This work proposes a LUT based unsignedmultiplication which is proven to be efficient in terms of high operating speed. For n bitinput multiplication n*n memory array of 2 n bit size is required to memorize all thepossible input and output combination. Various literature works claims to be achieve highspeed multiplication with reduced LUT size by integrating a barrel shifter *** paper work address this problem, by reworking the multiplier architecture with aparallel operating pre-processing unit which used to change the multiplier and multiplicandorder with respect to the number of computational addition and subtraction stages *** with LUT multiplier a low power bus encoding scheme is integrated to limit the powerconstraint of the on chip DSP unit. This paper address both the speed and power optimizationtechniques and tested with various FPGA device families.

关键词： Constant coefficient multipliers reduced coefficient multipliers bus encoding DSP SoC look up table barrel shifter pre-processing

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Hybrid Deep Learning Method for Diagnosis of Cucurbita Leaf Diseases

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第3期44卷 2585-2601页

作者： V.nirmala B.Gomathy M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering KarurTamilnaduIndia K.P.R.Institute of Technology CoimbatoreTamilnaduIndia

In agricultural engineering,the main challenge is on methodologies used for disease *** manual methods depend on the experience of the *** to large variation in environmental condition,disease diagnosis and classification becomes a challenging *** from the disease,the leaves are affected by climate changes which is hard for the image processing method to discriminate the disease from the other *** Cucurbita gourd family,the disease severity examination of leaf samples through computer vision,and deep learning methodologies have gained popularity in recent *** this paper,a hybrid method based on Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is proposed for automatic pumpkin leaf image *** Proposed Denoising and deep Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)method enhances the Pumpkin Leaf Pre-processing and *** time data base was used for training and testing of the proposed *** on existing pre-trained network Alexnet and googlenet was investigated is done to evaluate the performance of the pro-posed *** system and computer simulations were performed using Matlab tool.

关键词： Cucurbita farming disease diagnosis classification Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) preprocessing deep learning

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Image Manipulation Detection Through Laterally Linked Pixels and Kernel Algorithms

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第4期41卷 357-371页

作者： K.K.Thyagharajan G.nirmala RMD Engineering College KavaraipettaiChennaiIndia

In this paper,copy-move forgery in image is detected for single image with multiple manipulations such as blurring,noise addition,gray scale conver-sion,brightness modiﬁcations,rotation,Hu adjustment,color adjustment,contrast changes and JPEG ***,traditional algorithms detect only copy-move attacks in image and never for different manipulation in single *** proposed LLP(Laterally linked pixel)algorithm has two dimensional arrays and single layer is obtained through unit linking pulsed neural network for detec-tion of copied region and kernel tricks is applied for detection of multiple manip-ulations in single forged *** algorithm consists of two channels such as feeding component(F-Channel)and linking component(L channel)for linking *** algorithm linking pixels detects image with multiple manipulation and copy-move forgery due to one-to-one correspondence between pixel and neu-ron,where each pixel’s intensity is taken as input for F channel of neuron and connected for forgery identiﬁ***,neuron is connected with neighboringﬁeld of neuron by L channel for detecting forged images with multi-ple manipulations in the image along with copy-move,through kernel trick clas-siﬁer(KTC).From experimental results,proposed LLP algorithm performs better than traditional algorithms for multiple manipulated copy and paste *** accuracy obtained through LLP algorithm is about 90%and further forgery detec-tion is improved based on optimized kernel selections in classiﬁcation algorithm.

关键词： Machine learning copy move forgery support vectors kernel feature extraction

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Protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa in hypercholesterolemia and diabetes induced vascular tissue damage in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第5期5卷 367-373页

作者： Velayutham Ravichandiran Sankaradoss nirmala KFH Nazeer Ahamed Department of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmaceutical SciencesVels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies(VISTAS)Vels UniversityPallavaramChennai 600 117India Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies(VISTAS)Vels UniversityPallavaramChennai 600 117India

Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa(***) on the lipid profile and antioxidant parameters in high fat meal and streptozotocin induced hypercholestremia associated diabetes model in ***:The crude tannin fraction was separated from the acetone(70%v/v) bark extract of *** administratipn of tannin fraction(TF)(100 & 200 mg/kg body weight) to rats fed with high fat meal for 30 days (4%cholesterol,1%cholic acid,0.5%egg albumin) and injected with streptozotocin(35 mg/ kg *** citrate buffer on 14th day).Results:The administration of TF significantly reverse the increased blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density lipoprotein and also significandy restored the insulin and high density lipoprotein in the *** addition tannins significantly restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase,catalase and decreased the,glutathione peroxidase,and glutathione,thereby restoring the antioxidant status of the organs to almost normal ***:The results of this study show that two different doses of tannin supplementation had a favorable effect on plasma glucose and lipid profile *** also had an influence on attenuating oxidative stress in diabetic tats.

关键词： Diabetes Vascular tissue damage Streptozotocin Tannins Rat

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Establishing a relationship between clinical features and one specific type of chromosome abnormality

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第3期12卷 374-375页

作者： nirmala Sirisena Vajira H.W.Dissanayake Human Genetics Unit Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboSri Lanka

We agree with the reader's comments that the availability of clinical features would benefit the clinical diagnosis greatly,and help the medical professionals to decide whether cytogenetic analysis is,or is not necessary for certain clinical ***,the main aim of our study was to describe the frequency of various types of chromosomal abnormalities in Sri Lankan children undergoing cytogenetic analysis since there was paucity of data in this field.

关键词： clinical diagnosis abnormality

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Targeting cancer testis antigens for biomarkers and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: Current status and challenges

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第12期7卷 492-502页

作者： Anil Suri nirmala Jagadish Shikha Saini Namita Gupta Cancer Microarray Genes and Proteins Laboratory National Institute of Immunology

Colorectal cancer ranks third among the estimatedcancer cases and cancer related mortalities in United States in 2014. Early detection and efficient therapy remains a significant clinical challenge for this disease. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel tumor asso-ciated molecules to target for biomarker development and immunotherapy. In this regard, cancer testis antigens have emerged as a potential targets for developing novel clinical biomarkers and immunotherapy for various malignancies. These germ cell specific proteins exhibit aberrant expression in cancer cells and contribute in tumorigenesis. Owing to their unique expression profile and immunogenicity in cancer patients, cancer testis antigens are clinically referred as the most promising tumor associated antigens. Several cancer testis antigens have been studied in colorectal cancer but none of them could be used in clinical practice. This review is an attempt to address the promising cancer testis antigens in colorectal cancer and their possible clinical implications as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets with particular focus on challenges and future interventions.

关键词： Cancer testis antigens Colorectal cancer Testis sp

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Recent Progress on the Fabrication of Ultrafine Polyamide-6 Based Nanofibers Via Electrospinning: A Topical Review

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Nano-Micro Letters 2014年第2期6卷 89-107页

作者： R.nirmala R.Navamathavan Soo-Jin Park Hak Yong Kim Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering Chonbuk National University Department of Chemistry Inha University School of Advanced Materials Engineering Chonbuk National University

Electrospinning is a highly versatile technique to prepare continuous fibers with diameters of the order of nanometers. The remarkable high aspect ratio and high porosity bring electrospun nanofibers highly attractive to various nanotechnological applications such as filtration membranes, protective clothing, drug delivery, tissue-engineering, biosensors, catalysis, fuel cells and so on. In this review, we collectively summarized the recent progress in developments of the electrospun ultrafine polyamide-6 based nanofibers preparation,characterization and their applications. Information of this polyamide-6 and composites together with their processing conditions for electrospinning of ultrafine nanofibers has been summarized in this review. The recent developments made during last few years on these materials are addressed in this review. We are anticipating that this review certainly drive the researchers for developing more intensive investigation for exploring in many technological areas.

关键词： Polymers Electrospinning Ultrafine nanofibers Experimental parameters

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