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Surface-emitting lasers meet metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 172-174页

作者： nir Shitrit School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBe’er Sheva8410501Israel

The integration between vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and metasurfaces has been demonstrated to enable on-chip high-angle illumination for total internal reflection and dark-field microscopy. Such an ultracompact combined laser-beam shaper system provides a versatile illumination module for high-contrast imaging, thus leveraging biophotonics and lab-on-a-chip devices and facilitating life-science applications.

关键词： lasers emitting illumination

Interval to surgery after neoadjuvant treatment for colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第15期20卷 4256-4262页

作者： nir Wasserberg Department of Surgery B Rabin Medical CenterBeilinson CampusPetach Tikva and Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael

The current standard treatment of low-lying locally advanced rectal cancer consists of chemoradiation followed by radical *** interval between chemoradiation and surgery varied for many years until the1999 Lyon R90-01 trial which compared the effects of a short(2-wk)and long(6-wk)*** showed a better clinical tumor response(71.7%vs 53.1%)and higher rate of positive and pathologic tumor regression(26%vs 10.3%)after the longer ***,a 6-wk interval between chemoradiation and surgery was set to balance the oncological results with the surgical ***,several recent retrospective studies reported that prolonging the interval beyond 8or even 12 wk may lead to significantly higher rates of tumor downstaging and pathologic complete *** in turn,according to some reports,may improve overall and disease-free survival,without increasing the surgical difficulty or *** work reviews the data on the effect of different intervals,derived mostly from retrospective analyses using a wide variation of treatment *** randomized trials are currently ongoing.

关键词： Rectal cancer Chemoradiation therapy Neoadjuvant Surgery Interval to surgery Colorectal cancer

The nature and sources of international variation in formal institutions related to initial coin offerings:preliminary findings and a research agenda

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 281-318页

作者： nir Kshetri The University of North Carolina at Greensboro GreensboroUSA

As prior researchers have suggested,a firm’s success in an international market depends on how well its strategy fits the nonmarket environment,such as formal *** paper examines the determinants of formal institutions around new areas of economic ***,we propose a framework for understanding how the quality of formal institutions in promoting entrepreneurship drives the focus of such institutions concerning initial coin offering(ICO),which is emerging as a popular fundraising *** paper uses inductive analysis to examine how nonmarket factors—such as a jurisdiction’s tax haven nature,regulators’perceptions of ICOs as threats to national or political interests,and trade and industry associations—might moderate the relationship between the quality of institutions and the focus of such institutions regarding *** of this study’s key findings is that an economy’s quality of entrepreneurship-related institutions,perceived threats to national/political interests,and tax haven nature lead to different policy ***,regulators assign different importance when promoting crypto-entrepreneurship and dealing with associated *** focusing mainly on promoting crypto-ventures have taken measures to enrich the blockchain ecosystem and provided tax and non-tax incentives to attract such *** focusing mainly on dealing with crypto-venture risks rely on a regulatory sandbox and close regulatory monitoring of such ventures.

关键词： Blockchain Cryptocurrencies Crypto-ventures Initial coin offerings Regulatory sandboxes Tax havens

Inhibition of FLT3:A Prototype for Molecular Targeted Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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Engineering 2021年第10期7卷 1354-1368页

作者： Meira Yisraeli Salman Jacob M.Rowe nir Weigert Department of Hematology Shaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalem 9103102Israel Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Rambam Medical CenterHaifa 3109601Israel Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003Israel

Modern therapy of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)began in 1973 with the first report of the successful combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine,which led to complete remission in approximately 45%of *** AML diagnosis was dependent on morphology,aided initially only by *** acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),immunophenotyping offered little in the diagnosis of AML,at least during the 1970s and *** advent of reliable cytogenetics changed the entire prognostic outlook of *** karyotypic analysis,different groups of AML could be classified and stratified for various *** mutational profiling was a major advance in further categorizing AML patients,aided by the immunophenotypic identification of antigenic markers on the *** these advances were occurring as the understanding of the importance of the tumor burden—known as minimal residual disease(MRD)—became crucial for the management of AML *** efficacy of MRD has rapidly progressed in the past decade,from a specificity of 103 with immunophenotyping to 104 with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),which is only appropriate for some patients with AML,and finally to 105 or even 106 cells with the extraordinary sensitivity of next-generation sequencing(NGS).All of these advances have promoted the concept of personalized medicine,which has led to the advent of targeted agents that can accurately be used for specific diagnostic *** can be predicted and measured *** targeted agents have now become a cornerstone in the management of AML,increasing effi-cacy and dramatically reducing *** focus of this review is on one of the most well-studied targeted agents in AML:the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3(FLT3)inhibitors,which have impacted the prognostication and therapeutics of *** review selectively discusses the FLT3 inhibitors in detail,as a model for the other burgeoning targeted agents that have already been approved,as well as tho

关键词： AML Targeted therapy FLT3 inhibitors Midostaurin Gilteritinib Quizartinib Sorafenib

DMRT1 at the border between mitosis and meiosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 189-190页

作者： Jeremy Don Uri nir Haim Breitbart The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of LifeSciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel

In males, sperm production begins at puberty and lasts throughout reproduct-ire life. This implies that a population of germ stem cells/progenitors must be main- tained, amplified and differentiate throughout life to enable the continuous supply of sperm. Spermatogenesis is indeed divided into three phases： a proliferative phase, a meiotic phase and a postmeiotic spermio- genic phase. In the proliferative phase, undifferentiated spermatogonia stem cells are divided to maintain the principle undiffer- entiated stern cell population on the one hand, and on the other hand to amplify and differentiate a fraction of the spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes.

关键词： Production Productivity Products Cells Lymphocytes Semen Political systems Stems Gametes Spermatozoa

Deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining of biological samples

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 335-354页

作者： Bijie Bai Xilin Yang Yuzhu Li Yijie Zhang nir Pillar Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos Angeles 90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSi) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Histological staining is the gold standard for tissue examination in clinical pathology and life-science research,which visualizes the tissue and cellular structures using chromatic dyes or fluorescence labels to aid the microscopic assessment of ***,the current histological staining workflow requires tedious sample preparation steps,specialized laboratory infrastructure,and trained histotechnologists,making it expensive,time-consuming,and not accessible in resource-limited *** learning techniques created new opportunities to revolutionize staining methods by digitally generating histological stains using trained neural networks,providing rapid,cost-effective,and accurate alternatives to standard chemical staining *** techniques,broadly referred to as virtual staining,were extensively explored by multiple research groups and demonstrated to be successful in generating various types of histological stains from label-free microscopic images of unstained samples;similar approaches were also used for transforming images of an already stained tissue sample into another type of stain,performing virtual stain-to-stain *** this Review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent research advances in deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining *** basic concepts and the typical workflow of virtual staining are introduced,followed by a discussion of representative works and their technical *** also share our perspectives on the future of this emerging field,aiming to inspire readers from diverse scientifc fields to further expand the scope of deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining techniques and their applications.

关键词： Deep generating consuming

Systems-based approaches to study immunometabolism

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第3期19卷 409-420页

作者： Vinee Purohit Allon Wagner nir Yosef Vijay K.Kuchroo Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA02141USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Computational Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

Technical advances at the interface of biology and computation,such as single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq),reveal new layers of complexity in cellular *** emerging area of investigation using the systems biology approach is the study of the metabolism of immune *** diverse spectra of immune cell phenotypes,sparsity of immune cell numbers in vivo,limitations in the number of metabolites identified,dynamic nature of cellular metabolism and metabolic fluxes,tissue specificity,and high dependence on the local milieu make investigations in immunometabolism challenging,especially at the single-cell *** this review,we define the systemic nature of immunometabolism,summarize cell-and system-based approaches,and introduce mathematical modeling approaches for systems interrogation of metabolic changes in immune *** close the review by discussing the applications and shortcomings of metabolic modeling *** systems-oriented studies of metabolism expected to become a mainstay of immunological research,an understanding of current approaches toward systems immunometabolism will help investigators make the best use of current resources and push the boundaries of the discipline.

关键词： Immunometabolism Metabolic techniques GSMM Metabolic modeling Systems biology

A new precision medicine initiative at the dawn of exascale computing

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第2期6卷 215-222页

作者： Ruth Nussinov Hyunbum Jang Guy nir Chung-Jung Tsai Feixiong Cheng Computational Structural Biology Section Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMD 21702USA Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Genomic Medicine Institute Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44195USA

Which signaling pathway and protein to selea to mitigate the patient's expected drug resistance?The number of possibilities facing the physician is massive,and the drug combination should fit the patient ***,we briefly review current approaches and data and map an innovative patient-specific strategy to forecast drug resistance targets that centers on parallel(or redundant)proliferation pathways in specialized *** considers the availability of each protein in each pathway in the specific cell,its activating mutations,and the chromatin accessibility of its encoding *** construction of the resulting Proliferation Pathway Network Atlas will harness the emerging exascale computing and advanced artificial intelligence(Al)methods for therapeutic *** the resulting set of targets,pathways,and proteins,with current strategies will augment the choice for the attending physicians to thwart resistance.

关键词： computing Atlas artificial

Migration of the Western Marsh Harrier to the African wintering quarters along the Central Mediterranean flyway:a 5-year study

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Avian Research 2017年第3期8卷 156-162页

作者： Nicolantonio Agostini Michele Panuccio Alberto Pastorino nir Sapir Giacomo Dell’Omo Medraptors Via Mario Fioretti 1800152 RomeItaly Ornis italica Piazza Crati 1500199 RomeItaly Animal Flight Laboratory Department of Evolutionary and Environmental BiologyUniversity of Haifa199 Aba Khoushy Ave.Mount Carmel3498838 HaifaIsrael

Background: The Western Marsh Harrier(Circus aeruginosus) is a partial migrant with the populations from Eastern and Northern Europe migrating south to sub-Saharan Africa. During the autumn migration, that is peaking in Septem ber, harriers move on a broad front heading SW and undertake long sea-crossings en route to their wintering quarters, passing in substantial numbers through Italy and Malta with the highest concentrations recorded at the Strait of Messina. Most of the individuals migrating across the Strait are heading for the wintering quarters in Africa, while fewer spend the winter in ***: In a 5-year study(2011-2015), between 26 August and 30 September, we determined age and sex of autumn migrating harriers through this flyway. In 2014 we determined, by marine radar and optical range finder, the flight altitude of migrating ***: A total of 10,261 Western Marsh Harriers were counted during the whole study, with an average of 2052 per autumn season. Adults outnumbered juveniles and males outnumbered females. Harriers flew at lower altitudes during the morning while large flocks flew lower than single birds or small ***: Our observations are consistent with previous surveys and confirm that adult males have a tendency to migrate over a long distance, while substantial numbers of adult females and juveniles do not head for the wintering quarters in Africa. Finally, flight patterns recorded can be explained by a more pronounced flapping flight of Western Marsh Harriers during migration.

关键词： Western Marsh Harrier Migration Mediterranean Flight altitude Radar