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Performance enhancement of perovskite solar cells:surface is the key

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Science China Materials 2024年第1期67卷 375-376页

作者： Wenzhuo li Zhijun ning School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghaitech UniversityShanghai 201210China

Metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)stand out as one of the most promising contenders among photovoltaic technologies for the *** the past decade,PSCs with high power conversion efficiency(PCE)predominantly adopted the normal(ni-p)device ***,a common p-type organic small molecule,Spiro-OMe TAD,which is widely employed at the top layer of n-i-p devices[1],faces issues such as susceptibility to water absorption and poor thermal stability.

关键词： structure stability perovskite

Impact of non-ideal UE hardware on cell-free massive MIMO network with centralized operation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 255-271页

作者： ning.li Pingzhi FAN Institute of Mobile Communications Southwest Jiaotong University

This paper investigates the impact of non-ideal user equipment(UE) hardware on a cell-free(CF) massive MIMO(mMIMO) network with centralized operation under spatially correlated channels. The minimum mean-squared error(MMSE) estimator can be derived with the help of the generic non-ideal UE hardware model. It is demonstrated that even if the effective signal-to-noise ratio approaches infinity, pilot contamination and imperfect hardware can cause a non-zero estimation error floor. After that, a lower bound is determined for the ergodic uplink capacity of the centralized CF mMIMO network under non-ideal UE hardware. Moreover, the optimal receive combining vector is obtained to maximize the uplink spectral efficiency(SE). The maximum ratio(MR) and regularized zero-forcing(RZF) combining schemes are offered as alternatives in light of the computational complexity of the MMSE receiver. Comparing the RZF to the MMSE scheme under different levels of hardware impairments, our findings indicate that the RZF receiver suffers a negligible loss in total SE. For MR combining, a novel closed-form uplink achievable SE expression is obtained based on the MMSE estimator and the use-and-then-forget bounding technique. This expression gives vital insights into the achievable uplink performance with UE hardware impairments. Besides, for various hardware impairment factors, the impact of pilot sequence length on average sum SE is disclosed for different receive combining schemes. To increase the overall SE of the max-min fairness scheme, a heuristic fractional power control scheme with UE hardware impairments is developed, which can essentially avoid sacrificing the SE of other UEs while maximizing the SE of the unluckiest UE in the whole network. Finally,our theoretical performance analysis and power control algorithm are validated by simulation results, and fundamental design guidelines are provided for selecting hardware satisfying the practical UE requirements.

关键词： cell-free massive MIMO centralized operation spatially correlated channels hardware impairments channel estimation uplink spectral efficiency optimal receive combining pilot length design fractional power control

Fullerenes and derivatives as electrocatalysts: Promises and challenges

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第1期9卷 7-27页

作者： Kun Guo ning.li lipiao Bao Xing Lu State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

Carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials are promising alternatives to precious metals as electrocatalysts of key energy storage and conversion *** paramount signiﬁcance are the establishment of design principles by understanding the catalytic mechanisms and identifying the active *** from sp2-conjugated graphene and carbon nanotube,fullerene possesses unique characteristics that are growingly being discovered and exploited by the electrocatalysis *** instance,the well-deﬁned atomic and molecular structures,the good electron afﬁnity to tune the electronic structures of other substances,the intermolecular self-assembly into superlattices,and the on-demand chemical modiﬁcation have endowed fullerene with incomparable advantages as electrocatalysts that are otherwise not applicable to other carbon *** increasing studies are being reported on this intriguing topic,it is necessary to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the recent *** review takes such an initiative by summarizing the promises and challenges in the electrocatalytic applications of fullerene and its *** content is structured according to the composition and structure of fullerene,including intact fullerene(e.g.,fullerene composite and superlattices)and fullerene derivatives(e.g.,doped,endohedral,and disintegrated fullerene).The synthesis,characterization,catalytic mechanisms,and deﬁciencies of these fullerene-based materials are explicitly *** conclude it by sharing our perspectives on the key aspects that future efforts shall consider.

关键词： Fullerene Fullerene derivative Metal-free catalyst Structural defect Electrocatalyst

Dynamic analysis and bifurcation control of a delayed fractional-order eco-epidemiological migratory bird model with fear effect

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第3期17卷 1-33页

作者： Caihong Song ning.li College of Sciences Northeastern University 110819 ShenyangLiaoningP.R.China

In this paper,a new delayed fractional-order model including susceptible migratory birds,infected migratory birds and predators is proposed to discuss the spread of diseases among migratory *** of predators is considered in the model,as fear can reduce the reproduction rate and disease transmission rate among ***,some basic mathematical results of the proposed model are ***,time delay is regarded as a bifurcation parameter,and the delay-induced bifurcation conditions for such an uncontrolled system are established.A novel periodic pulse feedback controller is proposed to suppress the bifurcation *** is found that the control scheme can successfully suppress the bifurcation behavior of the system,and the pulse width can be arbitrarily selected on the premise of ensuring the control *** with the traditional time-delay feedback controller,the control scheme proposed in this paper has more advantages in practical application,which not only embodies the advantages of low control cost and easy operation but also caters to the periodic changes of the *** proposed control scheme,in particular,remains effective even after the system has been disrupted by a *** simulation verifies the correctness of the theoretical results.

关键词： Delayed fractional-order migratory birds fear Hopf bifurcation periodic pulse feedback

An Interpretable light Attention-Convolution-Gate Recurrent Unit Architecture for the Highly Accurate Modeling of Actual Chemical Dynamic Processes

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 104-116页

作者： Yue li ning.li Jingzheng Ren Weifeng Shen School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials School of Environment and ResourcesChongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqing 400067China Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

To equip data-driven dynamic chemical process models with strong interpretability,we develop a light attention–convolution–gate recurrent unit(LACG)architecture with three sub-modules—a basic module,a brand-new light attention module,and a residue module—that are specially designed to learn the general dynamic behavior,transient disturbances,and other input factors of chemical processes,*** with a hyperparameter optimization framework,Optuna,the effectiveness of the proposed LACG is tested by distributed control system data-driven modeling experiments on the discharge flowrate of an actual deethanization *** LACG model provides significant advantages in prediction accuracy and model generalization compared with other models,including the feedforward neural network,convolution neural network,long short-term memory(LSTM),and ***,compared with the simulation results of a deethanization model built using Aspen Plus Dynamics V12.1,the LACG parameters are demonstrated to be interpretable,and more details on the variable interactions can be observed from the model parameters in comparison with the traditional interpretable model *** contribution enriches interpretable machine learning knowledge and provides a reliable method with high accuracy for actual chemical process modeling,paving a route to intelligent manufacturing.

关键词： Interpretable machine learning light attention-convolution-gate recurrent unit architecture Process knowledge discovery Data-driven process model Intelligent manufacturing

STDNet: A Spatio-Temporal Decomposition Neural Network for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 1232-1247页

作者： Zhuolun Jiang Zefei ning Hao Miao li Wang College of Computer Science and Technology(College of Data Science) Taiyuan University of TechnologyJinzhong 030600China

Long-term multivariate time series forecasting is an important task in engineering applications. It helps grasp the future development trend of data in real-time, which is of great significance for a wide variety of fields. Due to the non-linear and unstable characteristics of multivariate time series, the existing methods encounter difficulties in analyzing complex high-dimensional data and capturing latent relationships between multivariates in time series, thus affecting the performance of long-term prediction. In this paper, we propose a novel time series forecasting model based on multilayer perceptron that combines spatio-temporal decomposition and doubly residual stacking, namely Spatio-Temporal Decomposition Neural Network (STDNet). We decompose the originally complex and unstable time series into two parts, temporal term and spatial term. We design temporal module based on auto-correlation mechanism to discover temporal dependencies at the sub-series level, and spatial module based on convolutional neural network and self-attention mechanism to integrate multivariate information from two dimensions, global and local, respectively. Then we integrate the results obtained from the different modules to get the final forecast. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show that STDNet significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, which provides an effective solution for long-term time series forecasting.

关键词： time series forecasting multivariate time series spatio-temporal decomposition

Ballistic performance of spherical fragments penetrating PCrNi3MoV target plates

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 295-307页

作者： Dou Hong Wenbin li Yu Zheng Yiming li ning Jiang Kebin Zhang Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

PCrNi3MoV steel is a medium-carbon,low-alloy quenched and tempered steel that finds its applications in military gun barrels due to the high wear resistance and ablation *** study the penetration and failure modes of PCrNi3MoV plates impacted by tungsten spheres,tungsten spheres of various diameters(5 mm,8 mm,and 10 mm)were used to impact PCrNi3MoV steel plates with thicknesses of 6 mm,9 mm,and 14 *** penetration performance of the spheres was analyzed for different velocities,and the ultimate penetration velocity of the plate was *** was found that the primary failure modes of the PCrNi3MoV plate were compression pitting failure and shear *** the dimensional analysis method,a relationship between the bulge height of the steel plate and the fragment velocity,an equation for the ultimate penetration velocity,and a relationship between the target penetration energy and the fragment velocity were ***,a projectile-target action index was proposed to describe the process of tungsten spheres with different velocities impacting target *** results suggested that under the same thickness of the target plate,a larger-diameter fragment required more kinetic energy to obtain the same ultimate penetration effect as a smaller-diameter *** equations obtained through dimensional analysis predicted values that agreed well with experimental values,indicating that these equations can be applied to engineering applications.

关键词： Impact damage Ultimate penetration velocity Bulge height Target penetration energy Failure modes

A comprehensive comparison of different regression techniques and nature-inspired optimization algorithms to predict carbonation depth of recycled aggregate concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 30-50页

作者： Bin XI ning ZHANG Enming li Jiabin li Jian ZHOU Pablo SEGARRA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Politecnico Di MilanoMilano 20133Italy Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development(IOER) Dresden 01217Germany Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-ETSI Minas y Energía Madrid 28003Spain Department of Civil Engineering KU Leuven CampusBrugge 8200Belgium School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

The utilization of recycled aggregates(RA)for concrete production has the potential to offer substantial environmental and economic ***,RA concrete is plagued with considerable durability concerns,particularly *** advance the application of RA concrete,the establishment of a reliable model for predicting the carbonation is *** the one hand,concrete carbonation is a long and slow process and thus consumes a lot of time and energy to *** the other hand,carbonation is influenced by many factors and is hard to *** this,this paper proposes the use of machine learning techniques to establish accurate prediction models for the carbonation depth(CD)of RA *** types of regression techniques and meta-heuristic algorithms were employed to provide more alternative predictive *** was found that the best prediction performance was obtained from extreme gradient boosting-multi-universe optimizer(XGB-MVO)with R^(2) value of 0.9949 and 0.9398 for training and testing sets,***-MVO was used for evaluating physical laws of carbonation and it was found that the developed XGB-MVO model could provide reasonable predictions when new data were *** also showed better generalization capabilities when compared with different models in the ***,this paper emphasizes the need for sustainable solutions in the construction industry to reduce its environmental impact and contribute to sustainable and low-carbon economies.

关键词： recycled aggregate concrete carbonation depth nature-inspired optimization algorithms extreme gradient boosting technique parametric analysis

Extraction of Acoustic Normal Mode Depth Functions Using Range-Difference Method with Vertical linear Array Data

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第4期23卷 871-882页

作者： GAO Siyu li Weilu ZHANG Yinquan li Xiaolei WANG ning College of Marine Technology Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China

Data-derived normal mode extraction is an effective method for extracting normal mode depth functions in the absence of marine environmental ***,when the corresponding singular vectors become nonunique when two or more singular values obtained from the cross-spectral density matrix diagonalization are nearly equal,this results in unsatisfactory extraction outcomes for the normal mode depth *** address this issue,we introduced in this paper a range-difference singular value decomposition method for the extraction of normal mode depth *** performed the mode extraction by conducting singular value decomposition on the individual frequency components of the signal's cross-spectral density *** was achieved by using pressure and its range-difference matrices constructed from vertical line array *** proposed method was validated using simulated *** addition,modes were successfully extracted from ambient noise.

关键词： range difference depth function extraction normal mode