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An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 372-375页

作者： Shuai Xu Youdi Zhang Yanna Sun Pei Cheng Zhaoyang Yao ning li Long Ye lijian Zuo Ke Gao Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Functional Materials College of ChemistryChangchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People’s Republic of China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237People’s Republic of China College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‑Organic Chemistry Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Recently published in Joule,Feng liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer *** optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture *** approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Additive-assisted layer-by-layer processing Three-dimensional fibril morphology Bulk p-i-n structure Optical management

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Bipartite quasi-synchronization of multiple neural networks with generalized cooperative-competitive topology

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 1855-1866页

作者： li ning CAO JinDe School of Mathematics and Information Science Henan University of Economics and LawZhengzhou 450046China School of Mathematics Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Yonsei Frontier Lab Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Korea

This study examines the bipartite quasi-synchronization(B-Q synchronization)issue of coupled networks with general cooperative-competitive topology and the event-triggered communications between nodes to curb the communication *** the existing literature concerning bipartite synchronization,the network topology is required to be structurally balanced,which necessitates that competitive interactions exist only between two distinct *** this study,we aim to lengthen the network’s topology to a more general signed network in which antagonistic interactions can exist in the same or different *** to signed graph theory and the markovian stochastic event-triggering mechanism,the dynamical model of multiple neural networks(MNNs)with structurally unbalanced and markovian event-triggered communication is *** utilizing the stochastic Lyapunov stability analysis,some adequate criteria for B-Q synchronization of MNNs with the structurally unbalanced graph are obtained;also,a bound for the B-Q synchronization error is *** a special case,the bipartite synchronization criteria for MNNs with the structurally balanced graph are also ***,two simulations are performed to verify the theoretical result.

关键词： B-Q synchronization structurally unbalanced event-triggered communication Markovian switching topology

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Hybrid Navigation Method for Multiple Robots Facing Dynamic Obstacles

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2022年第6期27卷 894-901页

作者： Kaidong Zhao li ning Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

With the continuous development of robotics and artificial intelligence,robots are being increasingly used in various *** traditional navigation algorithms,such as Dijkstra and A*,many dynamic scenarios in life are difficult to cope *** solve the navigation problem of complex dynamic scenes,we present an improved reinforcement-learning-based algorithm for local path planning that allows it to perform well even when more dynamic obstacles are *** method applies the gmapping algorithm as the upper layer input and uses reinforcement learning methods as the *** algorithm enhances the robots’ability to actively avoid obstacles while retaining the adaptability of traditional methods.

关键词： simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) reinforcement learning multirobots dynamic obstacles robot operating system(ROS) navigation

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An Optimal Control-Based Distributed Reinforcement Learning Framework for A Class of Non-Convex Objective Functionals of the Multi-Agent Network

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第11期10卷 2081-2093页

作者： Zhe Chen ning li Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of ChinaShanghai 200240 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai 200240China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China IEEE

This paper studies a novel distributed optimization problem that aims to minimize the sum of the non-convex objective functionals of the multi-agent network under privacy protection, which means that the local objective of each agent is unknown to others. The above problem involves complexity simultaneously in the time and space aspects. Yet existing works about distributed optimization mainly consider privacy protection in the space aspect where the decision variable is a vector with finite dimensions. In contrast, when the time aspect is considered in this paper, the decision variable is a continuous function concerning time. Hence, the minimization of the overall functional belongs to the calculus of variations. Traditional works usually aim to seek the optimal decision function. Due to privacy protection and non-convexity, the Euler-Lagrange equation of the proposed problem is a complicated partial differential ***, we seek the optimal decision derivative function rather than the decision function. This manner can be regarded as seeking the control input for an optimal control problem, for which we propose a centralized reinforcement learning(RL) framework. In the space aspect, we further present a distributed reinforcement learning framework to deal with the impact of privacy protection. Finally, rigorous theoretical analysis and simulation validate the effectiveness of our framework.

关键词： Distributed optimization multi-agent optimal control reinforcement learning(RL)

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An extended multiple-support response spectrum method incorporating fluid-structure interaction for seismic analysis of deep-water bridges

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2023年第1期22卷 211-223页

作者： Wu Kun li ning li Zhongxian School of Transportation Science and Engineering Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structures Safety of the Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

The effects of ground motion spatial variability(GMSV)or fluid-structure interaction(FSI)on the seismic responses of deep-water bridges have been extensively ***,there are few studies on the seismic performance of bridges considering GMSV and FSI effects *** this study,the original multiple-support response spectrum(MSRS)method is extended to consider FSI effect for seismic analysis of deep-water *** solution of hydrodynamic pressure on a pier is obtained using the radiation wave theory,and the FSI-MSRS formulation is derived according to the random vibration *** influence of FSI effect on the related coefficients is analyzed.A five-span steel-concrete continuous beam bridge is adopted to conduct the numerical *** load conditions are designed to investigate the variation of the bridge responses when considering the GMSV and FSI *** results indicate that the incoherence effect and wave passage effect decrease the bridge responses with a maximum percentage of 86%,while the FSI effect increases the responses with a maximum percentage of 26%.The GMSV and FSI effects should be included in the seismic design of deep-water bridges.

关键词： response spectrum method seismic response of bridge ground motion spatial variability fluid-structure interaction rdiation wave theory

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Vector-intensity measure based seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第4期13卷 695-705页

作者： li Zhongxian li Yang li ning School of Civil Engineering Tianjin University Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety Ministry of Education

This paper presents a method for seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures based on vector-valued intensity measure （viM）, which predicts the limit-state capacities efficiently with multi-intensity measures of seismic event. Accounting for the uncertainties of the bridge model, ten single-bent overpass bridge structures are taken as samples statistically using Latin hypercube sampling approach. 200 earthquake records are chosen randomly for the uncertainties of ground motions according to the site condition of the bridges. The uncertainties of structural capacity and seismic demand are evaluated with the ratios of demand to capacity in different damage state. By comparing the relative importance of different intensity measures, Sa（T1） and Sa（T2） are chosen as viM. Then, the vector-valued fragility functions of different bridge components are developed. Finally, the system-level vulnerability of the bridge based on viM is studied with Duunett- Sobel class correlation matrix which can consider the correlation effects of different bridge components. The study indicates that an increment IMs from a scalar IM to viM results in a significant reduction in the dispersion of fragility functions and in the uncertainties in evaluating earthquake risk. The feasibility and validity of the proposed vulnerability analysis method is validated and the bridge is more vulnerable than any components.

关键词： bridge structure seismic vulnerability analysis vector-valued intensity measure components' correlation system vulnerability

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Impact of non-ideal UE hardware on cell-free massive MIMO network with centralized operation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 255-271页

作者： ning li Pingzhi FAN Institute of Mobile Communications Southwest Jiaotong University

This paper investigates the impact of non-ideal user equipment(UE) hardware on a cell-free(CF) massive MIMO(mMIMO) network with centralized operation under spatially correlated channels. The minimum mean-squared error(MMSE) estimator can be derived with the help of the generic non-ideal UE hardware model. It is demonstrated that even if the effective signal-to-noise ratio approaches infinity, pilot contamination and imperfect hardware can cause a non-zero estimation error floor. After that, a lower bound is determined for the ergodic uplink capacity of the centralized CF mMIMO network under non-ideal UE hardware. Moreover, the optimal receive combining vector is obtained to maximize the uplink spectral efficiency(SE). The maximum ratio(MR) and regularized zero-forcing(RZF) combining schemes are offered as alternatives in light of the computational complexity of the MMSE receiver. Comparing the RZF to the MMSE scheme under different levels of hardware impairments, our findings indicate that the RZF receiver suffers a negligible loss in total SE. For MR combining, a novel closed-form uplink achievable SE expression is obtained based on the MMSE estimator and the use-and-then-forget bounding technique. This expression gives vital insights into the achievable uplink performance with UE hardware impairments. Besides, for various hardware impairment factors, the impact of pilot sequence length on average sum SE is disclosed for different receive combining schemes. To increase the overall SE of the max-min fairness scheme, a heuristic fractional power control scheme with UE hardware impairments is developed, which can essentially avoid sacrificing the SE of other UEs while maximizing the SE of the unluckiest UE in the whole network. Finally,our theoretical performance analysis and power control algorithm are validated by simulation results, and fundamental design guidelines are provided for selecting hardware satisfying the practical UE requirements.

关键词： cell-free massive MIMO centralized operation spatially correlated channels hardware impairments channel estimation uplink spectral efficiency optimal receive combining pilot length design fractional power control

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Synchronization criteria for multiple memristor-based neural networks with time delay and inertial term

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第4期61卷 612-622页

作者： li ning CAO JinDe College of Mathematics and Information Science Henan University of Economics and Law School of Mathematics and Research Center for Complex Systems and Network Sciences Southeast University

This present work uses different methods to synchronize the inertial memristor systems with linear coupling. Firstly, the mathematical model of inertial memristor-based neural networks(IMNNs) with time delay is proposed, where the coupling matrix satisfies the diffusion condition, which can be symmetric or asymmetric. Secondly, by using differential inclusion method and Halanay inequality, some algebraic self-synchronization criteria are obtained. Then, via constructing effective Lyapunov functional, designing discontinuous control algorithms, some new sufficient conditions are gained to achieve synchronization of networks. Finally, two illustrative simulations are provided to show the validity of the obtained results, which cannot be contained by each other.

关键词： memristor-based neural networks(MNNs) inertial term synchronization discontinuous control

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Controlled Radical Polymerization:from Oxygen Inhibition and Tolerance to Oxygen Initiation

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2021年第9期39卷 1084-1092页

作者： ning li Xiang-Cheng Pan State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Molecular oxygen is a radical scavenger in both conventional and controlled radical polymerization(CRP),resulting in many time-consuming methods for physically removing oxygen before the *** approaches have been developed to have oxygen toleranee by chemically consuming or converting molecular oxygen into non-initiating species to address this ***,we propose another approach called oxygen initiation that directly transforms molecular oxygen into the initiating carbon radical in *** feature article summarizes our rece nt developments in this *** n-initiated reversible additi on-fragmentation transfer(RAFT)polymerization has been successfully conducted using oxygen and trialkylborane as co-initiators under the ambient conditions and atmosphere without any prior degassed *** gas-triggered initiation provides the opportunity for spatiotemporal control of the polymerization by molecular oxygen or *** synthesized alkylborane compounds could derive the predesigned structure of the initiating alkyl radical to minimize the side reacti ons and free polymer chai ns,achievi ng the synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight *** challe nges and perspectives are also discussed in the end.

关键词： Oxygen Radical polymerization Controlled Alkylborane RAFT

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A fiber-section model based Timoshenko beam element using shear-bending interdependent shape function

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第3期12卷 421-432页

作者： li ning li Zhongxian Xie lili School of Civil Engineering Tianjin University/Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety Ministry of Education Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration

A fiber-section model based Timoshenko beam element is proposed in this study that is founded on the nonlinear analysis of frame elements considering axial, flexural, and shear deformations. This model is achieved using a shear-bending interdependent formulation （SBIF）. The shape function of the element is derived from the exact solution of the homogeneous form of the equilibrium equation for the Timoshenko deformation *** proposed element is free from shear-locking. The sectional fiber model is constituted with a multi-axial plasticity material model, which is used to simulate the coupled shear-axial nonlinear behavior of each fiber. By imposing deformation compatibility conditions among the fibers, the sectional and elemental resisting forces are calculated. Since the SBIF shape functions are interactive with the shear-corrector factor for different shapes of sections, an iterative procedure is introduced in the nonlinear state determination of the proposed Timoshenko element. In addition, the proposed model tackles the geometric nonlinear problem by adopting a corotational coordinate transformation approach. The derivation procedure of the corotational algorithm of the SBIF Timoshenko element for nonlinear geometrical analysis is presented. Numerical examples confirm that the SBIF Timoshenko element with a fiber-section model has the same accuracy and robustness as the flexibility-based formulation. Finally, the SBIF Timoshenko element is extended and demonstratedin a three-dimensional numerical example.

关键词： Timoshenko beam shear-flexure coupled effect shear-bending interdependent formulation nonlineargeometric analysis finite element

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