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Socioeconomic factors effecting polio vaccination in Pakistan

Health 2013年第5期5卷 892-897页

作者： Sheeba Arooj Sitwat Ali nimra baber Atif Abbasi Midhat Ali Dapartment of Statistics University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan Department of Sociology Bahauddin Zakria University Multan Pakistan Institute of Social & Cultural Studies University of Punjab Lahore Pakistan Institute of Social & Cultural Studies University of Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Background: Child vaccinations are one of most cost effective health programs that have weakened a number of child morbidity and mortality rate all over the world. Pakistan is considered one of the major country of the world, where people especially children are bound by many harmful infectious diseases like polio, hepatitis, viral infections etc. The effectiveness of routine childhood immunization programs relies on multiple factors. Socio-economic determinants have the potential to affect immunization programs. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between socio-economic factors and polio vaccination coverage among children inPakistan. Methods: The study used data from the Pakistandemographic health survey (PDHS 2006-07 N 10023). The study focused on respondents who had births in last five years. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the association between variables. Spss version 20 was used for data analysis. A number of socioeconomic variables were used in chi square & binary logistic regression model to check out their association with polio vaccination coverage. Results: Study shows that most dominant factors associated with polio vaccination coverage were region that is NWFP OR 3.48 (odd ratio) with 95% confidence interval (C-I 2.06 & 3.13) & Punjab OR 2.54 (C-I 2.062 & 3.131), residence urban OR 1.626 (C-I 1.451 & 1.822), sex of child male OR 1.125 (C-I 1.008 & 1.256), age of mother 25 - 34 years OR 1.11 (C-I 0.978 & 1.276), wealth index rich OR 2.98 (C-I 2.55 & 3.48), age of child 4 - 5 years OR 1.17 (C-I 0.899 & 1.538), mother’s education higher OR 2.06 (C-I 1.776 & 2.411), father’s education higher OR 1.399 (C-I 1.221 & 1.203) ,father’s occupation professional OR 1.27 (C-I 0.929 & 1.737). Conclusion: In developing countries like Pakistan most of the children remain unvaccinated because of many socio-economic constraints. Poor marginalized people have a low awareness regarding the importance of polio vac

关键词： Pakistan Demographic Health Survey Polio Vaccination Socioeconomic Factors Children Less than 5 Years Odd Ratio

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Effects of family non-universal Z′model in angular observables of B→(ρ,a_(1))µ^(+)µ^(−)decays

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第10期48卷 86-113页

作者： nimra Farooq Marwah Zaki M.Ali Paracha Faisal Munir Bhutta Department of Physics School of Natural SciencesNational University of Sciences and TechnologyH-12Islamabad44000Pakistan

We present the angular distribution of the four-fold B→ρ(→ππ)µ^(+)µ^(−) and B→a_(1)(→ρ_(Ⅱ).⊥π)µ^(+)µ^(−) decays in the Standard Model and family non-universal Z'*** the quark level,these decays are govered by the b→dµ^(+)µ^(−) *** with different angular observables,we provide predictions of differential branching ***,forward-backward asymmetry,and longitudinal polarization fractions of ρ and a_(1) *** analysis showsthat the signatures of the fimily non-universal Z’model are more distinct in the observables associated with the B→ρ(→ππ)µ^(+)µ^(−) decay than in those associated with the B→a_(1)(→ρ_(Ⅱ).⊥π)µ^(+)µ^(−) *** measurements ofthe predicted angular observables,both at current and fiuture high energy colliders,will provide useful *** data required to clarify the structure of the family non-universal Z' model in |△b|=△d|=1 processes.

关键词： heavy quark physics B meson physics beyond the Standard Model

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Sexual and Reproductive Service Interventions for Menstrual Regulation, Safe Abortion, and Post-abortion Care and Their Effectiveness During Disaster Response: A Global Systematic Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 359-373页

作者： Nibedita S.Ray-Bennett Winifred Ekezie Isha Biswas nimra Iqbal Choudhary David Cowie Lasith Dissanayake Lauren Macleod Azukaeogo Nnaji Madhulika Sahoo School of Business University of Leicester Avoidable Deaths Network University of Leicester Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester School of Social Sciences and Humanities Aston University Lifespan and Population Health School of Medicine University of Nottingham School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales West African Regional ECHO (WARE) APIN Public Health Initiatives Department of Anthropology Kalahandi University

Sexual and reproductive health(SRH) services are crucial for women especially during disasters, to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from miscarriages, unsafe abortions, and post-abortion complications. This study explored the SRH interventions provided during disaster response. A systematic review was conducted to identify what menstrual regulation(MR), safe abortion(SA), and post-abortion care(PAC) approaches/interventions exist to promote resilience in the health system in disaster settings; what intervention components were most eff ective; and challenges and opportunities to meeting SRH rights. Five electronic databases were searched, resulting in 4194 records. Following the screening process, seven publications were included. The intervention-related information in each publication was assessed based on availability,accessibility, acceptability, and quality. Two SRH approaches/interventions were found. The eff ectiveness of intervention components could not be conducted due to the limited number of relevant studies. Challenges were found at facility and community levels, and opportunities included overcoming them, making MR, SA, and PAC integral to the mitigation phase,and policy change to overcome barriers related to unaff ordability and inaccessibility. Recommendations are provided to encourage research and policy towards improving neglected SRH in disaster settings to realize Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the Global Strategy and Sendai Framework's priority to promote disaster-resilient health systems.

关键词： Abortion Disasters Sendai framework Sexual and reproductive health Sustainable development goal

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Papaya peel waste carbon dots/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite:From photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue to antimicrobial activity

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生物质资源与工程(英文) 2023年第2期8卷 162-175页

作者： Hesam Salimi Shahraki Rani Bushra nimra Shakeel Anees Ahmad Quratulen Mehraj Ahmad Christos Ritzoulis Department of Food Science and Technology International Hellenic UniversityThessaloniki 57400Greece Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and FoodNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Carbon dots(CDs)have gained unprecedented attention as a novel luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial owing to their diverse industrial ***,we reported the sus-tainable synthesis of fluorescent CDs from papaya peel waste,acting as a natural carbon ***-prepared CDs and reduced graphene oxide(RGO)were fabricated in the composites through a facile one-step hydrothermal *** RGO/CDs(RC)nanocomposites were characterized using spectroscopic,diffraction,and electron-microscopic ***-posites with variable RGO to CD mass ratios were tested for photodegradation of textile dye methylene blue(MB).The highest photocatalytic activity(degradation efficiency of 87%in 135 min)was obtained in the nanocomposite containing a 2꞉1 mass ratio(RC2).The RGO sheets in the nanocomposite acted as media for electron acceptors,promoting the fast transfer and sep-aration of photoinduced electrons during CDs excitation,thus preventing the recombination of the electron and *** on the agar well diffusion assay,the nanocomposites exhibited ex-cellent antibacterial activity than other tested materials against Bacillus subtilis(Gram-positive)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Gram-negative)*** largest inhibition zone area(22 mm),i.e.,the highest antimicrobial activity,was obtained in the nanocomposite tested against Gram-positive *** together,the synergistic effect of RGO and CDs enhanced the pho-tocatalytic and antibacterial performance of synthesized nanocomposite material.

关键词： Nanocomposite Carbon dot Hydrothermal method Photocatalysis Antibacterial activity

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The Psychosocial and Financial Ramifications of Thalassemia on Parents of Thalassemic Children Presented at Tertiary Care Hospitals

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期11卷 379-387页

作者： nimra Shafi Shakeel Ahmed Abdul Raheem Siddique Medical and Dental College Bahria University Karachi Pakistan

Thalassemia major is a disease that requires frequent admission of patients to medical facilities along with unremitting medicinal and blood transfusion aids. The families of such patients suffer in different aspects of their lives. The severity of the challenges they are subject to has been examined in this research with reference to Karachi and Hyderabad. Chief focus is rendered to the assessment of psychological, social, and economical implications. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the social, financial and psychological impact of thalassemia on parents of children suffering from thalassemia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Institute Karachi, and Civil Hospital Hyderabad. Methodology: A cross-sectional study which was aimed at establishing the social, financial and psychological impact of thalassemia on families of affected children was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Institute Karachi, and Civil Hospital Hyderabad. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire as tool for data collection. The questionnaires were filled by interviewing the parents of registered thalassemia major patients by the researchers. Data was analyzed and interpreted using the SPSS 25.0 version. Results

关键词： Thalassemia Major Social Financial Impact

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Economic Impacts of Clinical and Sub Clinical Mastitis on Dairy Farms

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Veterinary Science Research 2021年第2期3卷 31-39页

作者： Muhammad Shafeeq Afshan Muneer Amjad Islam Aqib nimra Kirn Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Agriculture Faisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Zoology Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Medicine Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Food Science Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBahawalpur63100Pakistan

Studies have reported on the economic impacts of clinical and subclinical mastitis on dairy *** mastitis is a disorder that affects dairy farms and has a major economic *** of the economic losses are the result of *** is an invasive infection that is among the most numerous and highly complicated infections in the dairy *** is one of the most expensive diseases in terms of production losses among animal *** reduces milk production,changes milk composition,and shortens the productive life of infected *** must concentrate on avoiding mastitis infection whilst putting in place and following a mastitis control *** mastitis,the most significant disease of dairy herds,has huge effects on farm *** losses are due to reduced milk production,the cost of treatments,and *** factors related to low milk yield could be low genetic potential as well as poor nutritional and managerial *** of the losses are related to somatic cell count(SCC),which is characterised by an increase in the percentage of *** costs are the costs of rearing or buying a replacement animal,mostly *** impacts include the replacement animals'lower milk supply *** expense of replacing animals prematurely due to mastitis is one of the most significant areas of economic loss.

关键词： Clinical Subclinical Mastitis Dairy Economic Loss Milk Culling Somatic cell count(SCC)

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