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Deep carbon cycling during subduction revealed by coexisting diamond-methane-magnesite in peridotite

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National Science Review 2023年第10期10卷 15-17页

作者： Xiaoxia Wang Yilin Xiao Hans-Peter Schertl nikolay v.Sobolev Yang-Yang Wang He Sun Deshi Jin Dong-Bo Tan CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Ruhr-University Bochum Faculty of Geosciences Institute of GeologyMineralogy and Geophysics v.S.Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology

Subduction is an important process for transferring materials from the surface into the deep *** subduction,recycled carbon can be released from the subducting slab to the mantle wedge through various decarbonation *** oxidized(CO2/CO32-) and reduced(CH4) carbon-bearing species have been discovered in(ultra)high-pressure(HP-UHP) subduction zones worldwide [1-3].Diamond is a typical index mineral for UHP metamorphism.

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Autoimmunity in acute ischemic stroke and the role of bloodbrain barrier: the dark side or the light one?

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Frontiers of Medicine 2019年第4期13卷 420-426页

作者： nikolay v. Tsygan Alexandr P. Trashkov Igor v. Litvinenko viktoriya A. Yakovleva Alexandr v. Ryabtsev Andrey G. vasiliev Leonid P. Churilov Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad Region 188300 Russian Federation Department of Nervous Diseases S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy Saint Petersburg 194044 Russian Federation Department of Experimental Pharmacology I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Saint Petersburg 194223 Russian Federation Department of Pathological Physiology with the Course of Immunopathology Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University Saint Petersburg Russian Federation Department of Pathology Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation

This article presents a synopsis of the current data on the mechanisms of blood-brain barrier (BBB) alteration and autoimmune response in acute ischemic stroke. Most researchers confirm the relationship between the severity of immunobiochemical changes and clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke is accompanied by aseptic inflammation, which alters the brain tissue and exposes the co-stimulatory molecules of the immune system and the neuronal antigens. To date, BBB is not considered the border between the immune system and central nervous system, and the local immune subsystems are found within and behind the BBB. BBB disruption contributes to the leakage of brain autoantigens and induction of secondary autoimmune response to neuronal antigens and long-term inflammation. Glymphatic system function is altered and jeopardized both in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke types. The receptors of innate immunity (toll-like receptor-2 and toll-like receptor-4) are also involved in acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. Immune response is related to the key processes of blood clotting and fibrinolysis. At the same time, the stroke-induced immune activation may promote reparation phenomena in the brain. Subsequent research on the reduction of the acute ischemic brain injury through the target regulation of the immune response is promising.

关键词： stroke blood-brain barrier autoimmunity innate immunity inflammation cell death

Catalytic co-combustion of biomass and brown coal in a fluidized bed:Economic and environmental benefits

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 24-36页

作者： Yury v.Dubinin nikolay A.Yazykov Petr M.Yeletsky Roman B.Tabakaev Aleksandra I.Belyanovskaya vadim A.Yakovlev Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS Lavrentiev Ave.5Novosibirsk630090Russia University of Tyumen Volodarskogo str.6Tyumen625003Russia

The work is devoted to the study of combustion of brown coal,pine sawdust,and their mixtures in a fluidized bed of catalyst at 600-750℃.It is shown that an increase in the content of sawdust in a mixture with brown coal leads to an increase in the burnout degree of solid fuel from 94.4%to 99.9%,while the emission of greenhouse gases in the form of CO_(2)CO and NOxis reduced(CO_(2)from the biomass is not included in the balance).The high content of alkaline earth metal oxides(CaO and MgO)in the mineral part of brown coal,sawdust,and their mixtures eliminates the emission of sulfur oxides and the slagging of heat-exchange surfaces during the combustion in a fluidized bed of *** optimal temperature,when the highest burnout degree of the above fuels is achieved in the combustion is 750℃.It is also shown that the increase in temperature and the content of sawdust in the composition of the fuel mixtures has a positive effect on the economic and environmental process indicators.

关键词： Co-combustion Fluidized catalyst bed Biomass Coal Economic effect Environmental impact

Deep neural networks for understanding noisy data applied to physical property extraction in scanning probe microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 932-939页

作者： nikolay Borodinov Sabine Neumayer Sergei v.Kalinin Olga S.Ovchinnikova Rama K.vasudevan Stephen Jesse Center for Nanophase Materials Science Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

The rapid development of spectral-imaging methods in scanning probe,electron,and optical microscopy in the last decade have given rise for large multidimensional *** many cases,the reduction of hyperspectral data to the lower-dimension materialsspecific parameters is based on functional fitting,where an approximate form of the fitting function is known,but the parameters of the function need to be ***,functional fits of noisy data realized via iterative methods,such as least-square gradient descent,often yield spurious results and are very sensitive to initial ***,we demonstrate an approach for the reduction of the hyperspectral data using a deep neural network approach.A combined deep neural network/least-square approach is shown to improve the effective signal-to-noise ratio of band-excitation piezoresponse force microscopy by more than an order of magnitude,allowing characterization when very small driving signals are used or when a material’s response is weak.

关键词： neural networks property

A new genus and three new species of miniaturized microhylid frogs from Indochina(Amphibia: Anura:Microhylidae: Asterophryinae)

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Zoological Research 2018年第3期39卷 130-157页

作者： nikolay A.Poyarkov Chatmongkon Suwannapoom Parinya Pawangkhanant Akrachai Aksornneam Tang van Duong Dmitriy v.Korost Jing Che Department of vertebrate Zoology Biological Faculty Lomonosov Moscow State University Joint Russian-vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center 3. Division of Fishery School of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Phayao 4. Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Kasetsart University vietnam National Museum of Nature Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Petroleum Geology Department Geological Faculty Lomonosov Moscow State University 7. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

We report on the discovery of a new genus of microhylid subfamily Asterophryinae from northern and eastern Indochina, containing three new *** Gen. nov. are secretive miniaturized frogs(SvLvince in central vietnam, Cao Bang Province in northern vietnam, and Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand proved to be separate species, different both in morphology and genetics(genetic divergence 3.1%≤P≤5.1%). Our work provides further evidence for the "out of Indo-Eurasia"scenario for Asterophryinae, indicating that the initial cladogenesis and differentiation of this group of frogs occurred in the Indochina Peninsula. To date, each of the three new species of vietnamophryne Gen. nov. is known only from a single specimen; thus,their distribution, life history, and conservation status require further study.

关键词： vietnamophryne Gen. nov. vietnamophryne inexpectata sp. nov. vietnamophryne orlovi sp. nov. vietnamophryne occidentalis sp. nov. Siamophryne Gastrophrynoides mtDNA micro-CT scanning vietnam Thailand Herpetofauna Amphibia Biogeography Taxonomy Indochina

Kinetics and mechanism of the low-energy β-a phase transition of the second kind in 2,4-dinitroanisole

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 210-224页

作者： Aleksandr v.Stankevich nikolay A.Rasputin Anisa KhRudina Gennady L.Rusinov vera I.Filyakova valery N.Charushin I.Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesekaterinburg 620108russia Russian Federal Nuclear Center-Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics snezhinsk 456770russia Kazan National Research Technological University kazan 420015russia

In this work, comprehensive studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole(2,4DNAN) were carried out using powder thermorentgenography of the internal standard. The time of the complete polymorphic transition in the solid phase β→a in 2,4DNAN under various combinations of conditions has been determined. It has been established that, regardless of the season of manufacture of the substance, when it is stored for 8-9months, with a change in ambient temperature from minus 30℃ to plus 30℃, a complete polymorphic transition β→a occurs. When stored in conditions below minus 5℃, polymorphic transition does not occur. When stored in conditions above plus 30℃ in a closed container, polymorphic transition occurs within 3 weeks. The polymorphic transition is accompanied by a decrease in density by 1.3%-1.5% and an increase in melting temperature by 10-12℃, depending on the degree of purity of the starting substance. The activation energy of the molecular rearrangement was 68-70 k J/mol(16.5 ± 3 kcal/mol). The mechanism of polymorphic transition has been evaluated, which is presumably based on internal homodiffusion and energy transfer to the surface of the mass of powder particles and the product. The average activation energy of the polymorphic transition process was 110 ± 6.2 k J/mol(26.2 kcal/mol). In an open container, reactions proceed by a homogeneous mechanism, and in a closed container by a heterogeneous mechanism involving the gas phase.

关键词： Energetic materials Melt-castable 2,4-Dinitroanisole Polymorphic transition Kinetics Mechanism Homodiffusion Sublimation

Active and passive modulation of solar light transmittance in a uniquely multifunctional dual-band single molecule for smart window applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 293-305,I0007页

作者： Pooja v.Chavan Pramod v.Rathod Joohyung Lee Sergei v.Kostjuk Hern kim Department of Energy Science and Technology Environmental Waste Recycle InstituteMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University MinskBelarus

Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart *** materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of ***,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological *** a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces *** address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-Hv as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(Hv)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and *** constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)*** privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero *** unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct ***,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.

关键词： Smart windows Thermochromism Electrochromism Energy saving Dual-responsive material

Deep learning acceleration of multiscale superresolution localization photoacoustic imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第6期11卷 1166-1177页

作者： Jongbeom kim Gyuwon kim Lei Li Pengfei Zhang Jin Young kim Yeonggeun kim Hyung Ham Kkim Lihong v.Wang Seungchul Lee Chulhong kim Departments of Electrical Engineering Mechanical EngineeringConvergence IT Engineeringand Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringGraduate School of Artificial IntelligenceMedical Device Innovation CenterPohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)77 Cheongam-roNam-guPohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E.California Blvd.MC 138-78PasadenaCA 91125USA School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering Tianjin University92 Weijin RoadNankai DistrictTianjin 300072China Opticho 532CHANGeUP GROUND87 Cheongam-roNam-guPohangGyeongsangbuk 37673Republic of Korea

A superresolution imaging approach that localizes very small targets,such as red blood cells or droplets of injected photoacoustic dye,has significantly improved spatial resolution in various biological and medical imaging ***,this superior spatial resolution is achieved by sacrificing temporal resolution because many raw image frames,each containing the localization target,must be superimposed to form a sufficiently sampled high-density superresolution ***,we demonstrate a computational strategy based on deep neural networks(DNNs)to reconstruct high-density superresolution images from far fewer raw image *** localization strategy can be applied for both 3D label-free localization optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM)and 2D labeled localization photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT).For the former,the required number of raw volumetric frames is reduced from tens to fewer than *** the latter,the required number of raw 2D frames is reduced by 12 ***,our proposed method has simultaneously improved temporal(via the DNN)and spatial(via the localization method)resolutions in both label-free microscopy and labeled ***-learning powered localization PA imaging can potentially provide a practical tool in preclinical and clinical studies requiring fast temporal and fine spatial resolutions.

关键词： Deep frames networks

Mechanisms of connective tissue formation and blocks of mitogen activated protein kinase

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 232-237页

作者： lrina A SHURYGINA Michael G SHURYGIN Nataliya I AYUSHINOvA Galina B GRANINA nikolay v ZELENIN Scientific Center of Reconstructive and Restorative Surgery SB RAMS lrkutsk 664003Russia

Ninety male Wistar rats were selected under the ＂Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals＂ for skin-muscle wound models. Three groups of animals were examined respectively for inoculation of inhibitor of p38 MAPK （mitogen activated protein kinase） SB 203580 and JNK inhibitor SP 600125, and a control. Light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and tensometry revealed that the inhibition of p38 or JNK cascades have modified the formation of the connective tissue scar. The degree of connective tissue growth in the area of surgical wound had been significantly reduced by the end of observation （30 d） as the SB 203580 was applied （% volume of collagen 43.60 （41.05 - 60.15） vs. 73.54 （66.87 - 78.01） in control, p = 0.002）. Conversely, when we have applied the JNK blocker, the density of collagen in scar tissue increased （78.14 （72.77 - 81.14）, p = 0.022 vs. control）. SB203580 inhibits the expression of p38, c-Jun and c-Fos. When we have used the JNK blocker, the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun decreased, but the expression of p38 increased. This determines the high functional activity of fibroblasts after using SP 600125. Obtained results show the importance of studying regulators of cell differentiation as potential drugs, which significantly affect the outcome of the pathological processes.

关键词： connective tissue mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 JNK