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Chios mastic treatment of patients with active Crohn's disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第5期13卷 748-753页

作者： Andriana C kaliora Maria G Stathopoulou John k Triantafillidis George VZ Dedoussis nikolaos k andrikopoulos Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition Harokopio University Athens Greece Department of Gastroenterology Saint Panteleimon General State Hospital Nicea Athens Greece

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of mastic administra-tion on the clinical course and plasma inflammatory me-diators of patients with active Crohn’s disease (CD).METHODS: This pilot study was conducted in patients with established mild to moderately active CD, attend-ing the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Ten patients and 8 controls were recruited for a 4-wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d, 0.37 g/cap). All patients successfully completed the protocol. CD Ac-tivity Index (CDAI), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), C-re-active protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and total antioxidant potential (TAP) were evaluated in the plasma at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Results were expressed as mean values ± SE and P kind of side effects. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that mastic signifi-cantly decreased the activity index and the plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP in patients with mildly to moderately ac-tive CD. Further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a larger number of patients are required to clarify the role of this natural product in the treatment of patients with CD.

关键词： Crohn氏病希腊乳香玛蒂脂 C反应蛋白保守治疗抗氧化剂

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Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn’s disease treated with mastic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第45期13卷 6031-6036页

作者： Andriana C kaliora Maria G Stathopoulou John k Triantaf illidis George VZ Dedoussis nikolaos k andrikopoulos Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition Harokopio University Athens Greece Department of Gastroenterology Saint Panteleimon General State Hospital Nicea Athens Greece

AIM: To assess the effects of mastic administration on cytokine production of circulating mononuclear cells of patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: The study was conducted in patients with established mildly to moderately active CD, attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Recruited to a 4 wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d, 0.37 g/cap) were 10 patients and 8 controls, all of who successfully completed the protocol. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after treatment. RESULTS: Treating CD patients with mastic resulted in the reduction of TNF-α secretion (2.1 ± 0.9 ng/mL vs 0.5 ± 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028). MIF release was signif icantly increased (1.2 ± 0.4 ng/mL vs 2.5 ± 0.7 ng/mL, P = 0.026) meaning that random migration and chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages was inhibited. No signifi cant changes were observed in IL-6, MCP-1 and GSH concentrations. CONCLUSION: This study shows that mastic acts as an immunomodulator on PBMC, acting as a TNF-α inhibitor and a MIF stimulator. Although further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a large number of patients is required to clarify the role of this natural product, this f inding provides strong evidence that mastic might be an important regulator of immunity in CD.

关键词：谷胱甘肽结肠疾病保守治疗免疫反应

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Tax Obligations & Religious Freedom

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Economics World 2019年第1期7卷 1-4页

作者： Odysseas kopsidas nikolaos andrikopoulos University of Piraeus PiraeusGreece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ThessalonikiGreece

Religious freedom is one of the fundamental human rights that are enshrined both internationally and nationally.All modern States ought,within their internal law,to defend the right of religious freedom in order to preserve the peaceful nature of a modern society.This work has attempted to study the existing literature,to carry out comparative law research and to criticize the current situation linking religious freedom as a supreme and constitutional good and the tax obligation of natural persons that is consistent with their mandatory contribution to public burdens on the basis of their ability to pay and their social role.

关键词： religious freedom taxation public goods

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