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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第4期17卷 522-525页

作者： Farhad Zamani Sara Razmjou shahram Akhlaghpoor Seyyedeh-Masoomeh Eslami Azita Azarkeivan Afsaneh Amiri Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center Firoozgar Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Computed Tomography Noor Medical Imaging Center Clinic of Thalassemia Imam Reza Hospital Research center of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization

AIM: To investigate the accuracy of T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI T2*) in the evaluation of iron overload in beta-thalassemia major patients. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 210 patients with beta-thalassemia major having regular blood transfusions were consecutively enrolled. Serum ferritin levels were measured, and all patients underwent MRI T2* of the liver. Liver biopsy was performed in 53 patients at an interval of no longer than 3 mo after the MRIT2* in each patient. The amount of iron was assessed in both MRI T2* and liver biopsy specimens of each patient. RESULTS: Patients’ ages ranged from 8 to 54 years with a mean of 24.59 ± 8.5 years. Mean serum ferritin level was 1906 ± 1644 ng/mL. Liver biopsy showed a moderate negative correlation with liver MRI T2* (r = -0.573, P = 0.000) and a low positive correlation with ferritin level (r = 0.350, P = 0.001). Serum ferritin levels showed a moderate negative correlation with liver MRI T2* values (r = -0.586, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that MRI T2* is a non-invasive, safe and reliable method for detecting iron load in patients with iron overload.

关键词： T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging Liver Iron overload Major thalassemia Ferritin

Virtual Pitch and Pitch Shifts in Church Bells

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2017年第3期7卷 52-68页

作者： William A. Hibbert shahram Taherzadeh David B. Sharp School of Engineering and Innovation Open University Milton Keynes UK

It is well established that musical sounds comprising multiple partials with frequencies approximately in the ratio of small integers give rise to a strong sensation of pitch even if the lowest or fundamental partial is missing—the so-called virtual pitch effect. Experiments on thirty test subjects demonstrate that this virtual pitch is shifted significantly by changes in the spacing of the constituent partials. The experiments measured pitch by comparison of sounds of similar timbre and were automated so that they could be performed remotely across the Internet. Analysis of the test sounds used shows that the pitch shifts are not predicted by Terhardt’s classic model of virtual pitch. The test sounds used were modelled on the sounds of church bells, but a further experiment on seventeen test subjects showed that changes in partial amplitude only had a minor effect on the pitch shifts observed, and that a pitch shift was still observed when two of the lowest frequency partials were removed, so that the effects reported are of general interest.

关键词： Virtual Pitch Pitch Measurement Church Bell Missing Fundamental Residue Pitch Pitch Shift

Outcome of penetrating cardiac injuries in southern Iran, Shiraz

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第2期16卷 89-93页

作者： Mansour Janati shahram Bolandparvaz Shirvan Salaminia Hamed Ghoddusi Johafi Cardiac Surgery Department Shiraz University of Medi-cal Sciences Iran Trauma Research Center General SurgeryDepartment Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Iran

Objective： Cardiac injuries are one of the most challenging injuries in the field of trauma surgery. Their management often requires immediate surgical intervention, excellent surgical technique and the ability to provide excellent postoperative critical care to patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and survival rate of patients with penetrating cardiac injury in southern Iran, Shiraz. Methods： From January 2001 to June 2007, medical records of all patients suffering from penetrating cardiac injuries were reviewed and their outcomes were investigated. The inclusion criterion was the presence of a confirmed penetrating cardiac injury intraoperatively or by autopsy. Patients with blunt cardiac injuries were excluded from the study. Results： The study consisted of 37 patients, including 1 gunshot wound （2.7%）, 35 stab wounds （94.6%） and 1 （2.7%） shotgun wound. The overall survival rate was 76% （28 in 37） and that in stab wound patients was 80%. The collected data of 9 expired patients revealed 11% death on arrival, 67% hypotensive, and 22% normotensive considering physiologic presentation. Paired sample test showed sig- nificant correlation between mortality and electrocardio- graphic changes, amount of retained blood in pericardium, clinical stage and physiologic condition at presentation, as well as associated injury type （gunshot more than stab wound）. Conclusion： Our results show that injury mechanism and initial cardiac rhythm are significant predictors of out- comes in patients with penetrating cardiac injuries. Besides, gunshot injury and exsanguination are the most important predictive variables of mortality.

关键词： Heart injuries Wounds, penetrating Heart arrest Survival

Economic valuation of water storage function of forest ecosystems (case study: Zagros Forests, Iran)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第3期21卷 293-300,396,397页

作者： Zahra Mashayekhi Mostafa Panahi Mahmoud Karami shahram Khalighi Arash Malekian Natural Resources Faculty University of Tehran Islamic Azad University

Forest ecosystem services contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly. Here the economic value of water conservation by Bazoft basin located in Zagros forests in western Iran was estimated, using simulation models and Geographic Information System （GIS） as a tool for analyzing the effects of ecological factors on ecosystem services. Rainfall-runoff simulation was carried out by using Curve Number （CN） method in HEC-HMS model. The model requires the inputs of land cover, soil and short term rainfall and discharge data. The efficiency of simu-lated model was revised using observed data and doing calibration stages. The role of forest on water retention and surface runoff reduction by devising four hypothetical scenarios and then the effects of land use changes associated with these scenarios on rainfall-runoff behavior of the region were determined. The results show that under the case of scenario one which assumes that the entire of basin area is covered by forests, total outflow would be in the minimum amount and rainfall initial loss will increase. Forest hydrological services related to water retention was economically assessed using Replacement Cost Method. Valuation results show that each hectare of Bazoft forests can store 84.8 m3 water with 0.5 US$/m3 annual value. So the water retention value of each hectare of these forests will be 43US$. This could have positive economic consequences for the region and would help decision-makers in selecting appropriate and economically feasible development strategies.

关键词： Bazoft River basin curve number economic valuation replacement cost runoff

Solitary Fungus Ball of the Sphenoid Sinus

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013年第6期2卷 228-231页

作者： Faiz Alouni Y. Yousof shahram Talebian Khorasani University of Tishreen Lattakia Syrian Arab Republic

A 50-year-old woman with long standing nonspecific disturbing headaches of the mid-face and rear of the head plus retro-orbital pain for about one year duration was proved to suffer from the fungus ball involvement of the left sphenoid sinus after operation. The diagnosis was established by histopathologic examination of the specimen removed at the time of operation.

关键词： Nonspecific Headaches Retro-Orbital Pain Fungus Ball Sphenoid Sinus

Detection, Identification and Tracking of Flying Objects in Three Dimensions Using Multistatic Radars

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2009年第6期2卷 486-490页

作者： Laleh S. KALANTARI shahram MOHANNA Saeed TAVAKOLI 不详

Multistatic radar systems can be used in many applications such as homeland security, anti-air defense, anti-missile defense, ship’s navigation and traffic control systems. Multistatic radars, which are capable of detecting and tracking flying objects in three-dimension coordinate systems, are simulated in this paper. The location and velocity of flying objects as well as their radar cross sections are computed. The object’s path is also estimated by tracking the object.

关键词： Bistatic Radar Multistatic Radar RCS Frii’s Formula Doppler Effect

A Postmodernist Strategy:Language Games

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A Postmodernist Strategy:Language Games

Sex bias in response to hepatitis B vaccination in end-stage renal disease patients:Meta-analysis

2011 International Conference on Languages,Literature and Linguistics （ICLLL 2011）

作者： shahram Afrougheh Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Abdolreza Godarzi English Language and Literature Department Post-Graduation Faculty Islamic Azad University English Language and Literature Department Humanities Faculty Islamic Azad University

Jean-Fran?ois Lyotard is indeed the most influential analyst and proponent of postmodernism. In his revelatory work, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, he treats narrative pragmatics and language games as the bases for a critical approach to postmodern art and politics, as well as to the questions of morality, justice, and legitimacy. He insists on the obligation of philosophy, politics and writing to bear witness to heterogeneity and to what is repressed or forgotten in all representations of the past. He challenges the limits of philosophy, aesthetics and political theory in terms of problems linked to the irreducible complexities of art and literature and the nonrepresentational affects of historical – political events.

关键词： Language Games Event Metanarrative Heterogeneity Complexities Representation

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第1期5卷 115-124页

作者： Hossein Khedmat Aghdas Aghaei Mohammad Ebrahim Ghamar-Chehreh shahram Agah Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroen- terology and Liver Disease Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Colorectal Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences

AIM： To systematically review the literature for studies investigating the potential effect of gender of dialysis patients on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus vaccines. METHODS： Literature searches were conducted by the MEDLINE and Google Scholar. The key words used included “hepatitis B （HB）”, “vaccine”, “dialysis”, “hemodialysis”, “sex”, “male” and “female”. Data of seroresponse to HB vaccine in clinical trials regarding sex of the recipients have been achieved and analyzed. Finally data from 19 clinical trials have been pooled and ***： Analysis of response to HB vaccination in our dialysis population showed males significantly res-pond less to hepatitis B vaccination （P = 0.002, Z = 3.08） with no significant heterogeneity detected [P = 0.766; heterogeneity χ2 = 14.30 （df = 19）; I2 = 0%]. A reanalysis of the pooled data was conducted regarding the dialysis mode to evaluate potential differential impact of sex on HB vaccine response. Hemodialysis was the only subgroup that showed a signifcant difference regarding dialysis mode in response to HB vaccination regarding sex （ P = 0.042, Z = 2.03）.CONCLUSION： This Meta-analysis showed significant effect for the sex of chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients on the immunogenicity of HB vaccine. This sex discrimination was most prominent among hemodialysis patients.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus vaccination Hepatitis B virus Immunogenicity Dialysis patients Gender Sex

Indigenous Knowledge and Techniques of Runoff Harvesting (Bandsar and Khooshab) in Arid and Semi Arid Regions of Iran

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第8期6卷 784-792页

作者： Ali Akbar Nazari Samani shahram Khalighi Mahmood Arabkhedri Jalil Farzadmehr Faculty of Natural Resources University of Tehran Tehran Iran Range and Watershed Management Department University of Torbat-e-Heydarieh Torbat-e-Heydarieh Iran Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute Tehran Iran

Two-thirds of Iran’s landmass is considered a desert-land devoid of forests and green pastures. Such a harsh environmental condition ancient Iranian innovated amazing techniques and knowledge for supplying water, which are recently called indigenous knowledge. Rain water and runoff harvesting techniques are often applied to increase the water recharge and consequently productivity in arid regions. The sizes of runoff harvesting structures are varying form micro to macro landscape. Qanat, Khooshab, Bandsar and Degar are the most famous indigenous techniques of water resources management in Iran. We tried to introduce two methods (Bandsar and Khooshab), their classification and structure as well as benefits. Bandsar is a kind of flood farming structure ground water recharge prevailed in Khorasan province of eastern Iran. Depending on rainfall, land topography and geomorphology of area, different types have been established to use floods and agricultural activities. Their area is about 0.5 to 5 ha in alluvial fans and piedmont plain. Its structure consists of plots, basin and levee along contour lines and dry rivers. The upland generated runoff is stored in the basin to infiltrate. Moreover, the fine trapped sediment in Bandsar as a fertile material cause to improve sandy soils. Khooshab is another traditional method used in southeast of Iran (Sistan va Baluchistan). It is a wall structures built across or along the dry river to catch the summer Monson floods water and cultivation as well as combat to wind erosion. Their areas are about 1 - 10 ha and crops such as wheat, maize and barely are produced through them. Flood plains and piedmont are the best location for Khooshabs which caused aquifer recharging. This work tries to explain about environmental condition affect the outcomes of mentioned techniques and their side effects on decreasing soil erosion, flooding and desertification as well as productivity increasing in some parts of Iran. Our findings revealed that

关键词： Indigenous Knowledge Runoff Harvesting Recharge Bandsar Assessment Iran