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a.plica.ion of CRISPR/Ca.-media.ed ba.e editing for directed protein evolution in pla.ts

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Science China.Life Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 613-616页

作者： niklas Ca.deville Pa.rick Schindele Holger Puchta Bota.ica. Institute Molecular Biology and BiochemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany

Breeding for improved cultiva.s of existing crops depends ma.nly on the a.a.la.le a.ount of genetic va.ia.ility in yield or qua.ity rela.ed *** thousa.ds of yea.s,huma.s ha.e relied on na.ura.ly occurring muta.ions to recombine a.d select improved *** chemica. or physica. muta.ens,the a.ount a.d ra.ge of muta.ions could be increa.ed,a.celera.ing the development of new ***,na.ura.ly occurring or ra.domly induced muta.ions lea. to unpredicta.le breeding outcomes a.d therefore necessita.e tedious rounds of ba.kcrossing to eventua.ly produce useful phenotypes(Pa.her a.d Puchta.2017).

关键词： breeding crops cultiva.

Tra.sforma.ion of the TiNi a.loy Microstructure a.d the Mecha.ica. Properties Ca.sed by Repea.ed B2-B190' Ma.tensitic Tra.sforma.ions

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a.ta.Meta.lurgica.Sinica.English Letters) 2015年第10期28卷 1230-1237页

作者： a.na.Chura.ova.Dmitry Gunderov a.exa.der Lukya.ov niklas Nollma.n Institute of Molecule a.d Crysta. Physics Ra. Ufa.Sta.e a.ia.ion Technica. University Institute of Ma.eria.s Physics University of Münster

The influences of therma. cycling trea.ment in the tempera.ure ra.ge of B2-B19 ma.tensitic tra.sforma.ions（-150 to 150 °C） on the Ti Ni a.loy structure a.d properties were studied. Different sta.es na.ed the initia. coa.se-gra.ned（CG） sta.e, the ultra.ine-gra.ned（UFG） sta.e a.ter ECa.（with a.gra.n size of 200 nm）, the sta.e a.ter ECa. a.d cold upsetting by 30% were considered. The results show tha. the microha.dness a.d the strength increa.e in a.l the three *** to the XRD a.a.ysis, a.more significa.t increment in the disloca.ion density, resulting from therma. cycling, is observed in the UFG a.loy tha. in the CG a.loy.

关键词： Therma. cycling TiNi a.loy Equa.-cha.nel a.gula. pressing Ma.tensitic tra.sforma.ion

Do pla.ts explore ha.ita.s before exploiting them? a. explicit test using two stoloniferous herbs

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第19期57卷 2425-2432页

作者： PENG YouHong niklas Ka.lJ SUN ShuCun Ecologica. Restora.ion a.d Biodiversity Conserva.ion Key La.ora.ory of Sichua. Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Depa.tment of Pla.tBiology Cornefl UniversityIthacaNY14850USA Depa.tment of Biology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

We tested whether the processes of explora.ion a.d exploita.ion ca. be explicitly distinguished a. pla.ts grow a.d develop within a.ha.ita. using two stoloniferous clona. herbs,Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides(Umbellifera.) a.d Potentilla.a.serina.Rosa.ea.).Ra.ets were pla.ted in four circula. tra.s differing in *** replica.e from ea.h dia.eter-group wa. sa.pled a. interva.s corresponding to pla.t covera.e of the tra.s,a.d pla.t bioma.s a.loca.ion to lea.es,stolons,a.d roots a.d internode length were *** both species,a. ea.ly sa.pling times(when the sma.lest tra.s were full),tota. pla.t bioma.s a.d ra.et number were la.ger in the sma.ler tra.s tha. in the la.ger ***,this trend wa. reversed for pla.ts collected a. la.er *** ***,lea. ma.s ra.ios(lea. ma.s to tota. pla.t ma.s) were significa.tly grea.er,but stolon ma.s ra.ios(stolon ma.s to tota. pla.t ma.s) were less in the sma.l tra.s tha. in the la.ger ones,pa.ticula.ly during the ea.ly sta.es of the ***,for ***,lea. ma.s ra.ios decrea.ed in the sma.ler tra.s but increa.ed in the la.ger ones a. the experiment *** ma.s ra.ios showed contra.ting pa.tern to lea. ma.s ra.ios for both species;stolon ma.s ra.ios were significa.tly sma.ler in the sma.ler tra.s tha. in the la.ger ones,a.though there were no obvious pa.terns during the course of the *** a.dition,for both species,internode length wa. shorter but the number of ra.ets wa. grea.er in the sma.ler tra.s a. ea.ly sa.pling *** conclude tha. pla.ts invest grea.er bioma.s in resource-exploring orga.s(stolons) tha. in resource-exploiting orga.s(lea.es or roots) a. they initia.ly esta.lish in a.*** rela.ively lower pla.t productivity in the la.gest tra.s a. ea.ly sa.pling times presuma.ly reflects the cost of explora.ion prior to resource exploita.ion a.d utiliza.ion.

关键词：草本植物匍匐茎栖息地测试采样时间早期阶段物探实验过程

Host pla.t choice in the comma.butterfly-la.va. choosiness ma. a.eliora.e effects of indiscrimina.e oviposition

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 499-506页

作者： Ga.riella.Ga.bera.e-Stille Lina.Soderlind niklas Ja.z Soren Nylin Depa.tment of Zoology Stockholm University 106 92 Stockholm Sweden

In most phytopha.ous insects, the la.va. diet strongly a.fects future fitness a.d in species tha. do not feed on pla.t pa.ts a. a.ults, la.va. diet is the ma.n source of nitrogen. In ma.y of these insect-host pla.t systems, the imma.ure la.va. a.e considered to be fully dependent on the choice of the mothers, who, in turn, possess a.highly developed host recognition system. This circumsta.ce a.lows for a.potentia. mother-offspring conflict, resulting in the fema.e ma.imizing her fecundity a. the expense of la.va. performa.ce on suboptima. hosts. In two experiments, we a.med to investiga.e this rela.ionship in the polypha.ous comma.butterfly, Polygonia.c-a.bum, by compa.ing the rela.ive a.cepta.ce of low- a.d medium-ra.ked hosts between fema.es a.d neona.e la.va. both within individua.s between life sta.es, a.d between mothers a.d their offspring. The study shows a.va.ia.ion between fema.es in oviposition a.cepta.ce of low-ra.ked hosts, a.d tha. the degree of a.cepta.ce in the mothers correla.es with the proba.ility of a.cepta.ce of the sa.e host in the la.va.. We a.so found a.nega.ive rela.ionship between sta.es within individua.s a. there wa. a.higher a.cepta.ce of lower ra.ked hosts in fema.es who ha. a.a.doned sa.d host a. a.la.va. Nota.ly, however, neona.e la.va. of the comma.butterfly did not unconditiona.ly a.cept to feed from the lea.t fa.ora.le host species even when it wa. the only food source. Our results suggest the possibility tha. the disa.va.ta.es a.socia.ed with a.genera.ist oviposition stra.egy ca. be decrea.ed by la.va. pa.ticipa.ion in host pla.t choice.

关键词： host pla.t choice insect-host pla.t intera.tion mobility oviposition beha.-ior pa.ent-offspring conflict specia.iza.ion

The rela.ionship between rela.ive growth ra.e a.d whole-pla.t C:N:P stoichiometry in pla.t seedlings grown under nutrient-enriched conditions

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Journa. of Pla.t Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 147-156页

作者： Youhong Peng Ka.l J.niklas Shucun Sun ECORES La. Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences9 Section 4 Renminnan RoadChengdu 610041China Depa.tment of Pla.t Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA Depa.tment of Biology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

a.ms Recent theories indica.e tha. N is more in dema.d for pla.t growth tha. P;therefore,N concentra.ion a.d N:C a.d N:P ra.ios a.e predicted to be positively correla.ed with rela.ive growth ra.e(RGR)in pla.ts under nutrient-enriched *** prediction wa. tested in this *** We exa.ined the whole-pla.t concentra.ions of C,N a.d P a.d RGR,a. well a. the rela.ionship between RGR a.d the concentra.ions a.d the ra.ios of N:C,P:C a.d N:P,for different ha.vest sta.es(the da.s a.ter seed germina.ion)of the seedlings of seven shrub species a.d four herba.eous species grown in N a.d P non-limiting *** rela.ionships a.ong pla.t size,nutrient concentra.ions a.d ra.ios were subsequently *** Findings RGR wa. positively correla.ed with N concentra.ion a.d the ra.ios of N:Pa.dN:C when the da.a.were pooled for a.l species a.d for ea.h shrub species,but not for individua. herba.eous ***,the rela.ionship between RGR a.d P concentra.ion a.d P:C wa. not significa.tly correla.ed for either shrubs or *** va.ia.ion of N a.ong ha.vest sta.es a.d species wa. much grea.er tha. tha. of P,a.d the va.ia.ion in N:P ra.io wa. determined prima.ily by cha.ges in N *** shrub species differed from the herba.eous species in their N a.d P concentra.ions,nutrient ra.ios a.d in intra.pecific rela.ionships between RGR a.d nutrient *** differences possibly reflect differences in the ca.a.ity for P stora.e a.d bioma.s a.loca.ion *** genera.,our da.a.support recent theoretica. predictions rega.ding the rela.ionship between RGR a.d C:N:P stoichiometry,but they a.so show tha. species with different life forms differ in the rela.ionships a.ong RGR a.d C:N:P stoichimetries.

关键词： C:N:P stoichiometry RGR growth ra.e hypothesis life forms seedlings screening experiment

Molecula. insights of exercise thera.y in disea.e prevention a.d trea.ment

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Signa. Tra.sduction a.d Ta.geted Thera.y 2024年第6期9卷 2564-2597页

作者： Da.id Wa.zik Tiffa.y Y.Wences Chirino Philipp Zimmer niklas Joisten Division of Performa.ce a.d Hea.th(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund University44227 DortmundNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Division of Exercise a.d Movement Science Institute for Sport ScienceUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenLower SaxonyGermany

Despite substa.tia. evidence empha.izing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention a.d trea.ment of va.ious disea.es,the underlying biologica. mecha.isms ha.e not been fully *** exercise benefits ha.e been a.tributed to signa.ing molecules tha. a.e relea.ed in response to exercise by different tissues such a. skeleta. muscle,ca.dia. muscle,a.ipose,a.d liver *** signa.ing molecules,which a.e collectively termed exerkines,form a.heterogenous group of bioa.tive substa.ces,media.ing inter-orga. crossta.k a. well a. structura. a.d functiona. tissue *** scientific endea.ors ha.e focused on identifying a.d cha.a.terizing new biologica. media.ors with such ***,some investiga.ions ha.e focused on the molecula. ta.gets of exerkines a.d the cellula. signa.ing ca.ca.es tha. trigger a.a.tion processes.a.deta.led understa.ding of the tissue-specific downstrea. effects of exerkines is crucia. to ha.ness the hea.th-rela.ed benefits media.ed by exercise a.d improve ta.geted exercise progra.s in hea.th a.d ***,we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signa. tra.sduction a.ross multiple ta.get tissues a.d highlight the preventive a.d thera.eutic va.ue of exerkine signa.ing in va.ious *** empha.izing different a.pects of exerkine resea.ch,we provide a.comprehensive overview of(i)the molecula. underpinnings of exerkine secretion,(ii)the receptor-dependent a.d receptor-independent signa.ing ca.ca.es media.ing tissue a.a.tion,a.d(iii)the clinica. implica.ions of these mecha.isms in disea.e prevention a.d trea.ment.

关键词： prevention trea.ment collective

Dyna.ics in la.ge genera.ors due to ova. rotor a.d tria.gula. sta.or sha.e

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a.ta.Mecha.ica.Sinica 2011年第1期27卷 18-27页

作者： niklas L.P.Lundstrm Ja.-Olov a.da.p Division of Solid Mecha.ics Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical EngineeringLuleUniversity of Technology

Ea.lier mea.urements in la.ge synchronous genera.ors indica.e the existence of complex whirling motion, a.d a.so devia.ions of sha.e in both the rotor a.d the sta.or. These non-symmetric geometries produce a. a.tra.tion force between the rotor a.d the sta.or,ca.led unba.a.ced ma.netic pull（UMP）.The ta.get of this pa.er is to a.a.yse responses due to certa.n devia.ions of sha.e in the rotor a.d the *** pa.ticula.,the perturba.ion on the rotor is considered to be of ova. cha.a.ter,a.d the perturba.ions of the sta.or a.e considered *** numerica. a.d a.a.ytica. methods it is concluded for which genera.or pa.a.eters ha.mful conditions,such a. complica.ed whirling motion a.d high a.plitudes,will *** ma.ntena.ce of hydro power genera.ors the sha.es of the rotor a.d sta.or a.e frequently *** results from this pa.er ca. be used to eva.ua.e such mea.urements a.d to expla.n the existence of complex whirling motion.

关键词： Genera.or · Rotor · Dyna.ics · a.ymmetric · Hydropower

Susta.na.ility of microporous polymers a.d their a.plica.ions

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Science China.Chemistry 2017年第8期60卷 1033-1055页

作者： Ta.a.a.L.Church a.ma.Berenice Ja.so-Sa.cedo Fredrik Bjrnerbck niklas Hedin Depa.tment of Ma.eria.s a.d Environmenta. Chemistry Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden

Microporous polymers(MPs) a.e studied for their intriguing chemistry a.d physics a. well a. their potentia. a.plica.ion in ca.a.ytic tra.sforma.ions, ga.-sepa.a.ion processes, wa.er purifica.ion a.d so on. Here, we critica.ly review MPs with respect to the susta.na.ility a.pects of their synthesis a. well a. their a.plica.ions tha. ha.e susta.na.le cha.a.ter. Some MPs ha.e been synthesized from monomers derived from bioma.s resources, but there is certa.nly a.la.ge potentia. for further *** a.e a.so opportunities to improve the susta.na.ility of MP synthesis in terms of the use of solvents, ca.a.ysts, a.d rela.ed a.pects. The a.plica.ions of MPs in processes rela.ed to susta.na.ility depend upon multiple properties. a.rich a.d flexible chemistry is importa.t to a.plica.ions a. ca.a.ysts for, a.ong other useful rea.tions, the photoreduction of CO_2 a.d selective oxida.ion. The(ultra.micropore volume of MPs a.e crucia. in ga.-sepa.a.ion a.plica.ions such a. CO_2 ca.ture, a.d the chemisorption of CO_2 on MP-tethered a.kyla.ines could offer a.mea.s to remove tha. ga. from dilute mixtures. When it comes to the stora.e of H_2 a.d CH_4 in MPs for onboa.d use in fuel cell or bioga. ca.s, volumetric ca.a.ity is pa.a.ount, mea.ing tha. the density of the MPs must be considered. Fina.ly, for use in sepa.a.ion a.d purifica.ions from liquid mixtures(a.ueous or hydroca.bon-ba.ed), crosslinked MPs a.e more limited tha. the solution-processa.le MPs tha. ca. be more ea.ily processed into films a.d membra.es.

关键词： microporous polymers bioma.s susta.na.ility CO2 ca.ture ca.a.ysis H2 stora.e CH4 stora.e sepa.a.ion purifica.ion

Multidimensiona. resilience decision-ma.ing for complex a.d substructured systems

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Resilient Cities a.d Structures 2022年第3期1卷 61-78页

作者： Julia. Sa.omon Ja.per Behrensdorf niklas Winnewisser Ma.teo Broggi Micha.l Beer Institute for Risk a.d Relia.ility Leibniz University HannoverHanoverGermany Institute for Risk a.d Uncerta.nty University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom Interna.iona. Joint Resea.ch Center for Resilient Infra.tructure&Interna.iona. Joint Resea.ch Center for Engineering Relia.ility a.d Stocha.tic Mecha.ics Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Complex systems,such a. infra.tructure networks,industria. pla.ts a.d jet engines,a.e of pa.a.ount importa.ce to modern ***,these systems a.e subject to a.va.iety of different *** resea.ch focuses not only on monitoring a.d improving the robustness a.d relia.ility of systems,but a.so on their recovera.ility from a.verse *** concept of resilience encompa.ses precisely these ***,efficient resilience a.a.ysis for the modern systems of our societies is becoming more a.d more *** to their increa.ing complexity,system components frequently exhibit significa.t complexity of their own,requiring them to be modeled a. systems,i.e.,***,efficient resilience a.a.ysis a.proa.hes a.e needed to a.dress this emerging *** work presents a. efficient resilience decision-ma.ing procedure for complex a.d substructured systems.a.novel methodology is derived by bringing together two methods from the fields of relia.ility a.a.ysis a.d modern resilience a.sessment.a.resilience decision-ma.ing fra.ework a.d the concept of surviva. signa.ure a.e extended a.d merged,providing a. efficient a.proa.h for qua.tifying the resilience of complex,la.ge a.d substructured systems subject to moneta.y *** new a.proa.h combines both of the a.va.ta.eous cha.a.teristics of its two origina. components:a.direct compa.ison between va.ious resilience-enha.cing options from a.multidimensiona. sea.ch spa.e,lea.ing to a. optima. tra.e-off with respect to the system resilience a.d a.significa.t reduction of the computa.iona. effort due to the sepa.a.ion property of the surviva. signa.ure,once a.subsystem structure ha. been computed,a.y possible cha.a.teriza.ion of the proba.ilistic pa.t ca. be va.ida.ed with no need to recompute the *** developed methods a.e a.plied to the functiona. model of a.multista.e high-speed a.ia. compressor a.d two substructured systems of increa.ing complexity,providing a.cura.e results

关键词： Resilience Decision-ma.ing Surviva. signa.ure Relia.ility Complex systems Substructured systems