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Small interfering RNA for cancer treatment:overcoming hurdles in delivery

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第11期10卷 2075-2109页

作者： Nitin Bharat Charbe nikhil d.amnerkar B.Ramesh Murtaza M.Tambuwala Hamid A.Bakshi Alaa A.A.Aljabali Saurabh C.Khadse Rajendran Satheeshkumar Saurabh Satija Meenu Metha dinesh Kumar Chellappan Garima Shrivastava Gaurav Gupta Poonam Negi Kamal dua Flavia C.Zacconin departamento de Quimica Orgánica Facultad de Química y de FarmaciaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 7820436Chile Sri Adichunchunagiri College of Pharmacy Sri Adichunchunagiri UniversityBG NagarKarnataka 571418India Adv V.R.Manohar Institute of diploma in Pharmacy NagpurMaharashtra 441110India School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster UniversityColeraineNorthern Ireland BT521SAUK Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyYarmouk UniversityIrbid 21163Jordan department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry R.C.Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchDist.DhuleMaharashtra 425405India discipline of Pharmacy Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW 2007Australia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwara 144411 PunjabIndia department of Life Sciences School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityBukit Jalil 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhiNew Delhi 110016India School of Pharmacy Suresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJagatpuraJaipur 302017India School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesSolan 173229India Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute(HMRI)and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNSW 2308Australia Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering Schools of EngineeringMedicine and Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 4860Chile

In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy ***,nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver dNA-based products to cancer *** review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer *** also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of ***,this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems,which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.

关键词： Small interfering RNA(siRNA) Nanomedicine Liposomes Micelles Cancer Polymer

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diagnosis of Crohn's disease in India where tuberculosis is widely prevalent

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第5期14卷 741-746页

作者： deepak N Amarapurkar nikhil d Patel Priyamvada S Rane department of Gastroenterology Bombay Hospital & Medical Research Centre Mumbai 400025 India

AIM:To define the parameters that positively predict diagnosis of Crohn's disease (Cd) and differentiate it from gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB). METHOdS:This prospective study over 3 years was carried out in the consecutive Indian patients with definite diagnosis of Cd and equal numbers of patients with definite diagnosis of GITB. demographic, clinical, laboratory, morphological and histological features were noted in all the patients. Serological tests such as p-ANCA, c-ANCA, IgA ASCA and IgG ASCA, were performed. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical tissue specimens were subjected to smear and culture for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and tissue polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis (TB PCR). diagnosis of Cd and GITB was based on the standard criteria. data were analyzed using univariate Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression (MLR). RESULTS:The study is comprised of 26 patients with Cd (age 36.6 ± 8.6 year, male:female, 16:10) and 26 patients with GITB (age 37.2 ± 9.6 year, male:female, 15:11). The following clinical variables between the two groups (Cd vs TB) were significant in univariate analysis:duration of symptoms (58.1 ± 9.8 vs 7.2 ± 3.4 mo), diarrhoea (69.2% vs 34.6%), bleeding per rectum (30.7% vs 3.8%), fever (23.1% vs 69.2%), ascites (7.7% vs 34.6%) and extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (61.5% vs 23.1%). Of these, all except ascites and extra-colonic manifestations were found statistically significant by MLR. Accuracy of predicting Cd was 84.62% based on the fever, bleeding P/R, diarrhoea and duration of symptoms while it was 63.4% when histology was reported as inflammatory bowel disease and 42.3% when there was recurrence of disease after surgery. Accuracy of predicting GITB was 73.1% when there was co-existing pulmonary lesions and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy;75% when tuberculosis was reported in histology;63.4% when granuloma was found in histology;82.6% when TB PCR was positive;and 61.5% when smear and/ or c

关键词： Crohn's disease Gastrointestinal tuberculosis differential diagnosis Inflammatory bowel disease Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody Anti-Saccharomyces Cerevisiae antibody Tissue polymerase chain reaction Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Acid-fact bacilli

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Changing spectrum of Budd-Chiari syndrome in India with special reference to non-surgical treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 278-285页

作者： deepak N Amarapurkar Sundeep J Punamiya nikhil d Patel department of Gastroenterology Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre Mumbai India department of Interventional Radiology Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre Mumbai India

AIM： To evaluate patterns of obstruction, etiological spectrum and non-surgical treatment in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome in India. METHOdS： Forty-nine consecutive cases of Budd- Chiari syndrome （BCS） were prospectively evaluated. All patients with refractory ascites or deteriorating liver function were, depending on morphology of inferior vena cava （IVC） and/or hepatic vein （HV） obstruction, triaged for radiological intervention, in addition to anticoagulation therapy. Asymptomatic patients, patients with diuretic-responsive ascites and stable liver function, and patients unwilling for surgical intervention were treated symptomatically with anticoagulation. RESULTS： Mean duration of symptoms was 41.5 ± 11.2 （range = 1-240） too. HV thrombosis （HVT） was present in 29 （59.1%）, IVC thrombosis in eight （16.3%）, membranous obstruction of IVC in two （4%） and both IVC-HV thrombosis in 10 （20.4%） cases. Of 35 cases tested for hypercoagulability, 27 （77.1%） were positive for one or more hypercoagulable states. Radiological intervention was technically successful in 37/38 （97.3%）： IVC stenting in seven （18.9%）, IVC balloon angioplasty in two （5.4%）, combined IVC-HV stenting in two （5.4%）, HV stenting in 11 （29.7%）, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt （TIPS） in 13 （35.1%） and combined TIPS-IVC stenting in two （5.4%）. Complications encountered in follow-up： death in five, re-stenosis of the stent in five （17.1%）, hepatic encephalopathy in two and hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient. Of nine patients treated medically, two showed complete resolution of HVT. CONCLUSION： IN our series, HVT was the predominant cause of BCS. In the last five years with the availability of sophisticated tests for hypercoagulability, etiologies were defined in 85.7% of cases. Non-surgical management was successful in most cases.

关键词： Budd-Chiari syndrome Interventional radiology Ascites Hepatic vein thrombosis Percutaneoustransluminal angioplasty Stent Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Thrombophilia

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Strain-Rate-dependent In-Plane Compressive Properties of 3d Fine Weave Pierced C/C Composite:Failure Mechanism and Constitutive Model

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2022年第1期35卷 63-78页

作者： Fei Guo Qingguo Fei Yanbin LiL nikhil Gupta Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aerospace Machinery Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China department of Engineering Mechanics Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Composite Materials and Mechanics Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringTandon School of EngineeringNew York UniversityBrooklynNY 11201USA

In-plane compression experiments are performed on 3d fine weave pierced C/C composite at a wide strain rate range of 0.0001/s-1000/*** in-plane compressive failure mechanism of the composite at quasi-static and high strain rates is analyzed by a scanning electron *** results show that the in-plane compressive modulus,maximum stress and the corresponding strain increase with increasing strain *** quasi-static in-plane compressive failure mode of the 3d fine weave pierced C/C composite is characterized by the shear failure at the angle of 45°and the local buckling of the^direction fiber *** comparison,the high strain rate in-plane compression failure mode of the composite is characterized by the compressive fracture of the interlaminar matrix and the progressive compression failure of the a>direction fiber bundles.A strain-rate-dependent in-plane compressive constitutive model is proposed to predict the dynamic in-plane compressive response of the *** proposed constitutive model is verified by experimental data.

关键词： C/C composite Compression Failure mechanism Constitutive model

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Correlation-induced magnetism in substrate-supported 2d metal-organic frameworks

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2170-2179页

作者： Bernard Field Agustin Schiffrin nikhil V.Medhekar School of Physics and Astronomy Monash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies Monash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia

Two-dimensional(2d)metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with a kagome lattice can exhibit strong electron-electron interactions,which can lead to tunable quantum phases including many exotic magnetic *** technological developments of 2d MOFs typically take advantage of substrates for growth,support,and electrical contacts,investigations often ignore substrates and their dramatic influence on electronic ***,we show how substrates alter the correlated magnetic phases in kagome MOFs using systematic density functional theory and mean-field Hubbard *** demonstrate that MOF-substrate coupling,MOF-substrate charge transfer,strain,and external electric fields are key variables,activating and deactivating magnetic phases in these *** we consider the example of kagome-arranged 9,10-dicyanoanthracene molecules coordinated with copper atoms,our findings should generalise to any 2d kagome *** work offers useful predictions for tunable interaction-induced magnetism in surface-supported 2d(metal-)organic materials,opening the door to solid-state electronic and spintronic technologies based on such systems.

关键词： properties materials material

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Widely accessible method for 3d microflow mapping at high spatial and temporal resolutions

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第4期8卷 57-71页

作者： Evan Lammertse nikhil Koditala Martin Sauzade Hongxiao Li Qiang Li Luc Anis Jun Kong Eric Brouzes department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA department of Mathematics and Statistics Department of Computer ScienceGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30302USA Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Cancer Center Stony Brook School of MedicineStony BrookNY 11794USA Institute for Engineering driven Medicine Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA

Advances in microfluidic technologies rely on engineered 3d flow patterns to manipulate samples at the ***,current methods for mapping flows only provide limited 3d and temporal resolutions or require highly specialized optical ***,we present a simple defocusing approach based on brightfield microscopy and open-source software to map micro-flows in 3d at high spatial and temporal *** workflow is both integrated in ImageJ and *** track seed particles in 2d before classifying their Z-position using a reference *** compare the performance of a traditional cross-correlation method and a deep learning model in performing the classification *** validate our method on three highly relevant microfluidic examples:a channel step expansion and displacement structures as single-phase flow examples,and droplet microfluidics as a twophase flow ***,we elucidate how displacement structures efficiently shift large particles across ***,we reveal novel recirculation structures and folding patterns in the internal flow of microfluidic *** simple and widely accessible brightfield technique generates high-resolution flow maps and it will address the increasing demand for controlling fluids at the microscale by supporting the efficient design of novel microfluidic structures.

关键词： flow resolution method

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Complete oral rehabilitation in a case with severe dental fluorosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第12期2卷 938-942页

作者： nikhil Joshi Jayant Palaskar Mahasweta Joshi Rahul Kathariya department of Prosthodontics Crown Bridge and Implantology Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital STES campus Vadgaon (Budruk) Pune 411041 Maharastra India department of Public Health dentistry Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital STES Campus Vadgaon (Budruk) Pune 411041 Maharastra India dr. d.Y Patil dental College and Hospital Dr. D.Y Vidyapeeth (Deemed University) Pune 411018 Maharashtra India

The authors have presented a technique of full occlusal rehabilitation in a case of severe dental fluorosis. In this technique, maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were simultaneously prepared and restored first. This was followed by simultaneous preparation of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth that were restored in canine guided occlusion. The technique and sequence followed here is unique and is not available in dental literature. This technique reduces number of appointments while fulfilling all objectives. Periodontal followup over 3 years was satisfactory. A restorative treatment protocol has been devised for fluorosis which will act as a guide for the dental practitioners.

关键词： Occlusal rehabilitation dental fluorosis Treatment protocol Restorative management Occlusal plane

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Triple tube drainage for “difficult” gastroduodenal perforations:A prospective study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第1期9卷 19-24页

作者： Nitin Agarwal Nishant Kumar Malviya nikhil Gupta Iqbal Singh Sanjay Gupta department of Surgery and Renal Transplant Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PG-IMER) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital depart-ment of Surgery University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital department of Surgery Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr RML Hospital

AIMTo prospectively study the outcome of difficult gastroduodenal perforations (GdPs) treated by triple tube drainage (TTd) in order to standardize the *** presenting to a single surgical unit of a tertiary hospital with difficult GdPs (large, unfavourable local and systemic factors) were treated with TTd (gastrostomy, duodenostomy and feeding jejunostomy). Postoperative parameters were observed like time to return of bowel sounds, time to start enteral feeds, time to start oral feeds, daily output of all drains, time to clamping/removal of all drains, time for skin to heal, complications, hospital stay, and, mortality. descriptive statistics were *** december 2013 and April 2015, 20 patients undergoing TTd for GdP were included, with mean age of 44.6 ± 19.8 years and male:female ratio of 17:3. Mean pre-operative APACHE II scores were 10.85 ± 3.55; most GdPs were prepyloric (9/20; 45%) or proximal duodenal (8/20; 40%) and mean size was 1.83 ± 0.59 cm (largest 2.5 cm). Median times of resumption of enteral feeding, removal of gastrostomy, removal of duodenostomy, removal of feeding jejunostomy and oral feeding were 4 d (4-5 IQR), 13 (12-16.5 IQR), 16 (16.25-22.25 IQR), 18 (16.5-24 IQR) and 12 d (10.75-18.5 IQR) respectively. Median hospital stay was 22 d (19-26 IQR) while mortality was 4/20 (20%).CONCLUSIONTTd for difficult GdP is feasible, easy in the emergency, and patients recover in two-three weeks. It obviates the need for technically demanding and riskier procedures.

关键词： Peptic ulcer Perforation peritonitis APACHE Triple tube drainage duodenostomy

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diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review and meta analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第23期19卷 3678-3684页

作者： Srinivas R Puli nikhil Kalva Matthew L Bechtold Smitha R Pamulaparthy Micheal d Cashman Norman C Estes Richard H Pearl Fritz-Henry Volmar Sonu dillon Michael F Shekleton david Forcione division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Illinois Peoria Campus OSF Saint Francis Medical CenterPeoria IL 61637 United States department of Internal Medicine University of Illinois Peoria Campus OSF Saint Francis Medical CenterPeoria IL 61637 United States division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbia MS 65212 United States department of Surgery University of Illinois Peoria Campus OSF Saint Francis Medical CenterPeoria IL 61637 United States Interventional Endoscopy Services Gastrointestinal Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02114 United States

AIM: To detect pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) has been varied. This study is undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in detecting ***: Only EUS studies confirmed by surgery or appropriate follow-up were selected. Articles were searched in Medline, Ovid journals, Medline nonindexed citations, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and database of Systematic Reviews. Pooling was conducted by both fixed and random effects model). RESULTS: Initial search identified 2610 reference articles, of these 140 relevant articles were selected and reviewed. data was extracted from 13 studies (n = 456) which met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity of EUS in detecting a PNETs was 87.2% (95%CI: 82.2-91.2). EUS had a pooled specificity of 98.0% (95%CI: 94.3-99.6). The positive likelihood ratio of EUS was 11.1 (95%CI: 5.34-22.8) and negative likelihood ratio was 0.17 (95%CI: 0.13-0.24). The diagnostic odds ratio, the odds of having anatomic PNETs in positive as compared to negative EUS studies was 94.7 (95%CI: 37.9-236.1). Begg-Mazumdar bias indicator for publication bias gave a Kendall's tau value of 0.31 (P = 0.16), indication no publication bias. The P for χ2 heterogeneity for all the pooled accuracy estimates was > 0.10. CONCLUSION: EUS has excellent sensitivity and specificity to detect PNETs. EUS should be strongly considered for evaluation of PNETs.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Ultrasound Endosonography Pancreatic mass Neuroendocrine tumors Sensitivity Specificity Positive predictive value Negative predictive value

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Evaluation of Speech Intelligibility of a Cleft Palate Patient with Speech Prosthesis before and after Palatographical Analysis and Prosthesis Modification

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第6期5卷 60-69页

作者： nikhil S. Rajan Lovely Muthiah Jovita d’souza Biji Thomas George department of Prosthodontics Sri Sankara Dental College Trivandrum India department of Prosthodontics Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences Ras Al Khaimah UAE department of Periodontics Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences Ras Al Khaimah UAE department of Surgery S.K Hospital Trivandrum India

The aim of the study was to evaluate the alterations in speech intelligibility in a cleft palate patient, before and after extending and modifying the palatal contour of the existing prosthesis using a correctable wax recording. An eight-year-old girl studying in second grade with a velopharyngeal defect using an obturator reported to the outpatient clinic complaining of lack in clarity of speech. The existing prosthesis was lacking a speech bulb hence it was decided to add the speech bulb to the existing prosthesis and evaluate the speech. Even after the use of speech bulb it was observed that she was unable to pronounce the vowels and words like shoe, vision, cheer, etc. clearly. Hence, a palatography was done using a correctable wax technique and the existing prosthesis was altered accordingly. Great improvement in speech, mastication, and velopharyngeal function was achieved after the palatography alteration of the existing prosthesis.

关键词： Speech Prosthesis Speech Intelligibility Palatography Phonetics Cleft Palate

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