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Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: Can the evidence guide practice?

world Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第3期5卷 546-553页

作者： Andrew Pieri James Harvey nigel Bundred wansbeck General Hospital NorthumbriaNE63 9JJUnited Kingdom Nightingale Centre University Hospital of South ManchesterWythenshawe HospitalManchesterM23 9LTUnited Kingdom

The clinical significance of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ(PLCIS) is a subject of controversy. As a consequence, there is a risk of providing inconsistent management to patients presenting with PLCIS. This review aims to establish whether the current guidelines for the management of PLCIS are consistent with current evidence. A systematic electronic search was performed to identify all English language articles regarding PLCIS management. The data was analysed, specifically looking at: incidence of concurrent disease, recurrence rates, long-term prognosis and PLCIS management. A search was also performed for PLCIS management guidelines for the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Germany and pan-European. The results of the evidence analyses were compared to the guidelines in order to establish whether the recommended management is consistent with the published evidence. Nine studies(level 3-4 evidence), involving a total of 176 patients and five management guidelines(from United Kingdom, United States, Australia and pan-European) were included in the review. From the evidence, 46 of 93(49%) patients were found to have PLCIS with concurrent invasive disease on excision specimen analysis. Regarding recurrence rates, 11 of 117(9.4%) patients developed a recurrence of PLCIS. There were no instances of invasive disease or ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) on recurrence histology. There were no studies assessing long-term outcomes in PLCIS cases. with regards to the management guidelines, the Association of Breast Surgery(United Kingdom) and the National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Care(Australia) do not mention PLCIS. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(United States) suggest considering excision of PLCIS with negative margins. The NHS Breast Screening Programme(United Kingdom) and the European Society of medical Oncology(pan-European) recommend PLCIS should be treated as with DCIS. we conclude that high quality evidence to inform guidance is lacking, thus recommendations are relatively vague. H

关键词： Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ Breast cancer Breast carcinoma Carcinoma in situ Guideline Excision margin Recurrence rate

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哥斯达黎加地震的结构震害

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世界地震工程 1993年第2期9卷 47-50,30页

作者： m. J. nigel Priestley 董文芝

一、概述 1991年4月22日,在哥斯达黎加的人口较稀地区发生了震级为7.4级的地震。尽管地貌效应显著,震中山区产生了大面积滑波,东海岸隆起达1.5米,但结构震害比较说来要轻些。不过,在利蒙(Limon)港和邻近地区,许多仓库和钢筋混凝土建筑... 详细信息

一、概述 1991年4月22日,在哥斯达黎加的人口较稀地区发生了震级为7.4级的地震。尽管地貌效应显著,震中山区产生了大面积滑波,东海岸隆起达1.5米,但结构震害比较说来要轻些。不过,在利蒙(Limon)港和邻近地区,许多仓库和钢筋混凝土建筑倒塌或严重破坏,大量高木桩支承的屋屋毁坏。最值得注意的是主要由于地基液化或堤岸软土层的过量运动,使许多现代化公路桥遭到毁坏。

关键词：地震震级结构震害

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Colonic and anal metastases from pancreato-biliary malignancies

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3693-3697页

作者： Farshid Ejtehadi Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Rebecca J Brais nigel R Hall Edmund m Godfrey Emmanuel Huguet Raaj K Praseedom Asif Jah Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Cambridge Colorectal Unit Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshireCB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Department of Radiology Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom

Pancreato-biliary malignancies often present with locally advanced or metastatic disease.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment although less than 20%of tumours are suitable for resection at presentation.Common sites for metastases are liver,lungs,lymph nodes and peritoneal cavity.metastatic disease carries poor prognosis,with median survival of less than 3 mo.we report two cases where metastases from pancreato-biliary cancers were identified in the colon and anal canal.In both cases specific immunohistochemical staining was utilised in the diagnosis.In the first case,the pre-senting complaint was obstructive jaundice due to an ampullary tumour for which a pancreato-duodenectomy was carried out.However,the patient re-presented 4wk later with an atypical anal fissure which was found to be metastatic deposit from the primary ampullary adenocarcinoma.In the second case,the patient presented with obstructive jaundice due to a biliary stricture.Subsequent imaging revealed sigmoid thickening,which was confirmed to be a metastatic deposit.Distal colonic and anorectal metastases from pancreatobiliary cancers are rare and can masquerade as primary colorectal tumours.The key to the diagnosis is the specific immunohistochemical profile of the intestinal lesion biopsies.

关键词： Pancreatobiliary cancer Rare metastatic sites Colo

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Field cancerisation in colorectal cancer:A new frontier or pastures past?

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第13期21卷 3763-3772页

作者： Abhilasha Patel Gyanendra Tripathi Kishore Gopalakrishnan nigel williams Ramesh P Arasaradnam Department of Colorectal Surgery University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventry CV2 2DXUnited Kingdom University of warwick Coventry CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventry CV2 2DXUnited Kingdom

Despite considerable advances in our understanding of cancer biology, early diagnosis of colorectal cancer remains elusive. Based on the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, cancer develops through the progressive accumulation of mutations in key genes that regulate cell growth. However, recent mathematical modelling suggests that some of these genetic events occur prior to the development of any discernible histological abnormality. Cells acquire pro-tumourigenic mutations that are not able to produce morphological change but predispose to cancer formation. These cells can grow to form large patches of mucosa from which a cancer arises. This process has been termed "field cancerisation". It has received little attention in the scientific literature until recently. Several studies have now demonstrated cellular, genetic and epigenetic alterations in the macroscopically normal mucosa of colorectal cancer patients. In some reports, these changes were effectively utilised to identify patients with a neoplastic lesion suggesting potential application in the clinical setting. In this article, we present the scientific evidence to support field cancerisation in colorectal cancer and discuss important limitations that require further investigation. Characterisation of the field defect is necessary to enable early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and identify molecular targets for chemoprevention. Field cancerisation offers a promising prospect for experimental cancer research and has potential to improve patient outcomes in the clinical setting.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Carcinogenesis Biomarkers Epigen

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洪水频率估算中的期望年淹没损失及其不确定性

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水利科技 1993年第2期 46-54页

作者： nigel w.Arnell 陈能志福建省水电勘测设计院

期望年损失(即淹没损失,后文同)是一个地区淹没影响的最常用指标。然而,由于从有限的数据中估算洪水频率关系以洪水量值与损失关系的不确定性,期望年损失的估算是很不确定的。计算机模拟试验用合成洪峰数据和确定的洪水量级～损失函数表... 详细信息

期望年损失(即淹没损失,后文同)是一个地区淹没影响的最常用指标。然而,由于从有限的数据中估算洪水频率关系以洪水量值与损失关系的不确定性,期望年损失的估算是很不确定的。计算机模拟试验用合成洪峰数据和确定的洪水量级～损失函数表明,期望年损失估算的抽样分布是强偏态的,在一定程度上取决于损失函数的结构形式,最重要的是,估算中的偏离度与开始造成损失的洪水估算概率的误差有极为密切的关系。期望概率的应用导致期望年损失中的偏离度明显增大。

关键词：水文计算洪水频率频率分析

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Effect of Tropical Algae as Additives on Rumen <i>in Vitro</i>Gas Production and Fermentation Characteristics

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 34-43页

作者： Baptiste Dubois nigel w. Tomkins Robert D. Kinley mei Bai Scott Seymour Nicholas A. Paul Rocky de Nys AgroParisTech 16 rue Claude Bernard Paris France CSIRO Livestock Industries Australian Tropical Sciences Innovation Pre- cinct James Cook Drive James Cook University Townsville Australia School of marine and Tropical Biology James Cook Uni- versity Townsville Australia

Algae have become an area of intensive research in many fields of study. Areas of application are becoming increasingly diverse with the advent of technologies particularly in the mass production of algae biomass. Algae contain complex bioactive compounds and these are gaining importance in emerging technologies with nutritional and environmental applications. In this study, a preliminary investigation evaluated 15 species of algae from the major categories of marine and fresh water algae for their potential as inclusions in ruminant diets for management of greenhouse gas emissions. It was hypothesized that algae would positively affect rumen fermentation and gas production while reducing methane production. The hypothesis was tested using an Ankom automated gas monitoring system and rumen fluid from Bos indicus steers fed tropical forage diets. The results were variable between algae species with some showing a significant reduction in total gas and methane production, with others increasing gas and fermentation. The red and brown algae stand out as having potential for greenhouse gas mitigation with the brown alga Cystoseira having the most prominent effect. The effects observed on fermentation may be manipulated through dosage management and beneficial effects could be potentially maximized by preparing combinations of algal supplements. It has been demonstrated in this study that algae have the potential to assist in rumen fermentation management for improved gas production, and greenhouse gas abatement.

关键词： Algae Enteric Gas macroalgae methane Rumen Seaweed

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model-guided design of a high performance and durability Ni nanofiber/ceria matrix solid oxide fuel cell electrode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第5期30卷 98-112页

作者： mengzheng Ouyang Antonio Bertei Samuel J.Cooper Yufei wu Paul Boldrin Xinhua Liu masashi Kishimoto Huizhi wang max Naylor marlow Jingyi Chen Xiaolong Chen Yuhua Xia Billy wu nigel P.Brandon Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonExhibicion RoadLondon SW72AZUnired Kingdom Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering(D1CI) University of PisaLargo Lucio Lazzarino256J22 PisaItaly Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Department of Computing Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityKejiyuan RdHaidianBeijing 100083China Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Kyoto UniversityYoshidahonmachiSakyo WardKyotoKyoto Prefecture 606-8501Japang Department of mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeThe Old SchoolsTrinity LnCambridge CB21TNUnited Kingdom

mixed ionic electronic conductors(mIECs)have attracted increasing attention as anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and they hold great promise for lowering the operation temperature of SOFCs.However,there has been a lack of understanding of the performance-limiting factors and guidelines for rational design of composite metal-mIEC electrodes.Using a newly-developed approach based on 3 D-tomography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,here for the first time we quantify the contribution of the dual-phase boundary(DPB)relative to the three-phase boundary(TPB)reaction pathway on real mIEC electrodes.A new design strategy is developed for Ni/gadolinium doped ceria(CGO)electrodes(a typical mIEC electrode)based on the quantitative analyses and a novel Ni/CGO fiber-matrix structure is proposed and fabricated by combining electrospinning and tape-casting methods using commercial powders.with only 11.5 vol%nickel,the designer Ni/CGO fiber-matrix electrode shows 32%and 67%lower polarization resistance than a nano-Ni impregnated CGO scaffold electrode and conventional cermet electrode respectively.The results in this paper demonstrate quantitatively using real electrode structures that enhancing DPB and hydrogen kinetics are more efficient strategies to enhance electrode performance than simply increasing TPB.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cells Electrospinning Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Tomography 2-d model Ceria

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Injectable kartogenin and apocynin loaded micelle enhances the alleviation of intervertebral disc degeneration by adipose-derived stem cell

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Bioactive materials 2021年第10期6卷 3568-3579页

作者： Chao Yu Dongdong Li Chenggui wang Kaishun Xia Jingkai wang Xiaopeng Zhou Liwei Ying Jiawei Shu Xianpeng Huang Haibin Xu Bin Han Qixin Chen Fangcai Li Jianbin Tang Chengzhen Liang nigel Slater Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang ProvincePR China Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou CityZhejiang ProvincePR China Key Laboratory of motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou CityZhejiang ProvincePR China Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of ministry of Education Center for Bionanoengineeringand College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310027China Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom

Cell transplantation has been proved the promising therapeutic effects on intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD).However,the increased levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the degenerated region will impede the efficiency of human adipose-derived stem cells(human ADSCs)transplantation therapy.It inhibits human ADSCs proliferation,and increases human ADSCs apoptosis.Herein,we firstly devised a novel amphiphilic copolymer PEG-PAPO,which could self-assemble into a nanosized micelle and load lipophilic kartogenin(KGN),as a single complex(PAKm).It was an injectable esterase-responsive micelle,and showed controlled release ability of KGN and apocynin(APO).Oxidative stimulation promoted the esterase activity in human ADSCs,which accelerate degradation of esterase-responsive micelle.Compared its monomer,the PAKm micelle possessed better bioactivities,which were attributed to their synergistic effect.It enhanced the viability,autophagic activation(P62,LC3 II),ECm-related transcription factor(SOX9),and ECm(Collagen II,Aggrecan)maintenance in human ADSCs.Furthermore,it is demonstrated that the injection of PAKm with human ADSCs yielded higher disc height and water content in rats.Therefore,PAKm micelles perform promoting cell survival and differentiation effects,and may be a potential therapeutic agent for IVDD.

关键词： Intervertebral disc degeneration Polymer-drug conjugates mesenchymal stem cell Reactive oxygen species Stem cell therapy

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The acceleration of aging and Alzheimer’s disease through the biological mechanisms behind obesity and type II diabetes

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Health 2013年第5期5卷 913-920页

作者： Ian James martins wei Ling Florence Lim Andrea C. wilson Simon m. Laws Ralph nigel martins Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Joondalup Australia

The incidence of diabetes is predicted to increase to 21% by 2050. Currently, one third of US adults are obese and over 11% of these individuals have diabetes. Due to the growing need for therapeutic intervention to control and/or stabilize this increase in the incidence of diabetes in western communities, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the association between obesity and Type 2 diabetes has become increasingly important to diabetes research. The increased cell senescence associated with diabetes has been associated with the limited ability of cells to divide, with indication of telomere shortening and genomic instability of the cells. Obese individuals have shorter telomeres suggesting an inverse relationship between adiposity and telomere length. The implication that Type 2 diabetes has on biological aging is of particular interest since telomere shortening in obesity and diabetes has been associated with an early risk for dementia and even progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lifestyle, nutrition and longevity are closely related and cellular senescence has been associated with telomere shortening and connected to longevity. Diet, cholesterol lowering drugs and exercise that control food intake and glucose tolerance in aging and diabetic individuals, via connections between liver circadian clocks and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain, also have been shown to alter telomere lengths. Lifestyle interventions, such as diets low in fat and exercise, target the rise in obesity and associated telomere shortening by delaying or preventing the onset of Type 2 diabetes. The implementation of these anti-aging therapies early in life may prevent calorie overload and activation of calorie sensitive genes such as Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). This may maintain telomere length and the control of obesity, which is linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and accelerates aging and AD.

关键词： Telomere Sirtuin 1 Lifestyle Nutrition Diabetes Obesity Alzheimer’s Disease

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视觉发展

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国外科技新书评介 2015年第3期 9-10页

作者： nigel w. Daw 聂树真不详中国科学院光电研究院

本书涵盖了视觉系统发展中的心理物理学、解剖学、生理学和临床神经功能缺损方面的内容。视觉发展是神经系统最普遍研究的部分，是环境与感官丧失影响和正常发展这两个方面研究的主要模型。本书是第三版，突出强调了新的研究成果并增加... 详细信息

本书涵盖了视觉系统发展中的心理物理学、解剖学、生理学和临床神经功能缺损方面的内容。视觉发展是神经系统最普遍研究的部分，是环境与感官丧失影响和正常发展这两个方面研究的主要模型。本书是第三版，突出强调了新的研究成果并增加了大量的说明，其中许多是彩色的图表、图片。

关键词：视觉系统心理物理学神经功能神经系统研究成果解剖学生理学第三版

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