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Concerning the Use of Western Medical Terms to Represent Traditional Chinese Medical Concepts——Answer to Prof. XIE and His Colleagues

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2006年第3期12卷 225-228页

作者： nigel Wiseman School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chang Gung University 259 Wenhua 1st Road Guishan Taoyuan County TaiwanChina

This paper strongly rejects the notion that the use of biomedical terms to represent traditional Chinese medical concepts is helpful to the internationalization of Chinese medicine. It further argues that this practice destroys the integrity and independence of Chinese medical concepts. Taking the term 风火眼 fěng huǒ yǎn as an example, it shows that the biomedical term ＂acute conjunctivitis＂ often suggested as the translation for this term is unsatisfactory, because （ 1 ） the clinical reference is not identical, （2） it introduces the concepts of ＂conjunctiva＂ and ＂inflammation＂, which are not Chinese medical concepts, and （3） destroys the Chinese medical concepts ＂wind＂ and ＂fire＂ expressed in the Chinese, which reflect the way the disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated. While for English readers not familiar with Chinese medicine, ＂acute conjunctivitis＂ may be immediately intelligible, for those seeking a deep understanding of the subject, the literal translation （loan translation）＂wind-fire eye＂ is much more helpful. This paper supports these arguments with numerous other examples.

关键词： biomedicized translation literal translation loan translation

Circular RNAs: New Players in Gene Regulation

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第6期6卷 433-441页

作者： Kalina Andreeva nigel G. f. Cooper Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville USA

The existence of circular RNAs (circRNAs) was demonstrated over 30 years ago. They did not gain much interest at the time because they appeared to be relatively rare when compared to the abundance of the canonical linear RNAs. However, more recent evidence suggests that circRNAs are abundant in cells and tissues and possess intriguing biological properties. These recent developments have renewed our interest in this novel class of molecules. This report will provide an overview of circRNAs, discuss how they may modify our understanding of gene regulation and indicate their most likely relevance to health. The circRNAs from viruses, bacteria and archaea are not in the scope of this report, and we focused this review on circRNAs in eukaryotes.

关键词： Circular RNA microRNA Sponges Gene Regulation

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Barley Landraces from Shanghai Region Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1275-1287页

作者： Luli Li nigel G.Halford Huihui Wang Yingjie Zong Zhenzhu Guo Ruiju Lu Chenghong Liu Zhiwei Chen Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding Biotechnology Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai201106China College of fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Rothamsted Research HarpendenAL52JQUK Qingdao OE Biotechnology Company Limited Qingdao266100China

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is an important economic crop for food,feed and industrial raw *** the present research,112 barley landraces from the Shanghai region were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS),and the genetic diversity and population structure were *** results showed that 210,268 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms(SNPs)were present in total,and the average poly-morphism information content(PIC)was *** diversity and population structure analyses suggested that these barley landraces were differentiated and could be divided into three sub-groups,with morphological traits of row-type and adherence of the hulls the main distinguishing factors between *** with similar or duplicated names were also investigated according to their genetic backgrounds and seed *** study provided valuable information on barley landraces from the Shanghai region,and showed that all these barley landraces should be protected and used for future breeding programs.

关键词： Hordeum vulgare L cluster analysis population structure SNP markers

白藜芦醇和芦丁对人单核及多核白细胞分泌IL-8和IL-6的抑制作用

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中国新药杂志 2009年第2期18卷 151-154页

作者：武晓捷 Damon A.Lowes Helen f.Galley nigel R.Webster 上海复旦大学附属华山医院抗生素研究所上海200040 Academic Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of MedicineUniversity of Aberdeen

目的:研究2种类黄酮化合物白藜芦醇和芦丁对人单核及多核白细胞分泌白介素8(IL-8)和白介素6(IL-6)的抑制作用,探讨其对于治疗脓毒血症患者是否具有临床意义。方法:采10例健康人静脉血,分离白细胞,加入20μmol.L-1白藜芦醇或50μmol.L-1... 详细信息

目的:研究2种类黄酮化合物白藜芦醇和芦丁对人单核及多核白细胞分泌白介素8(IL-8)和白介素6(IL-6)的抑制作用,探讨其对于治疗脓毒血症患者是否具有临床意义。方法:采10例健康人静脉血,分离白细胞,加入20μmol.L-1白藜芦醇或50μmol.L-1芦丁,在37℃和5%CO2条件孵育箱培养4 h,加入20 mg.L-1脂多糖(LPS)或20μmol.L-1肽聚糖(PGN),培育过夜后测定培养基中IL-8和IL-6浓度,分别与阳性对照(只在细胞中加入LPS或PGN)和DMSO阴性对照比较。结果:芦丁和白藜芦醇均显著降低LPS刺激后单核细胞的IL-8分泌量(n=10,P<0.01),以及PGN刺激后多核细胞的IL-6分泌量(n=10,P<0.05)。结论:白藜芦醇和芦丁对人单核细胞及多核细胞分泌IL-8和IL-6的有抑制作用,这种抑制作用可能具有细胞特异性。

关键词：白藜芦醇芦丁白细胞 IL-8 IL-6

A molecular framework underlying low-nitrogeninduced early leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2023年第4期16卷 756-774页

作者： Hongmei fan Shuxuan Quan Qing Ye Lei Zhang Wei Liu Ning Zhu Xiaoqi Zhang Wenyuan Ruan Keke Yi nigel M.Crawford Yong Wang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and fertilizer Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 10081China Section of Cell and Developmental Biology Division of Biological ScienceUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0116USA

Nitrogen(N)deficiency causes early leaf senescence,resulting in accelerated whole-plant maturation and severely reduced crop ***,the molecular mechanisms underlying N-deficiency-induced early leaf senescence remain unclear,even in the model species Arabidopsis *** this study,we identified Growth,Development and Splicing 1(GDS1),a previously reported transcription factor,as a new regulator of nitrate(NO3)signaling by a yeast-one-hybrid screen using a NO3enhancer fragment from the promoter of *** showed that GDS1 promotes NO3 signaling,absorption and assimilation by affecting the expression of multiple NO3 regulatory genes,including Nitrate Regulatory Gene2(NRG2).Interestingly,we observedthat gds1mutants show early leaf senescence as well as reduced NO3-contentand Nuptake under N-deficient *** analyses indicated that GDS1 binds to the promoters of several senescence-related genes,including Phytochrome-lnteracting Transcription factors 4 and 5(PIf4 and PIf5)and represses their ***,we found that N deficiency decreases GDS1 protein accumulation,and GDS1 could interact with Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 10(APC10).Genetic and biochemical experiments demonstrated that Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome(APC/C)promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of GDS1 under N deficiency,resulting in loss of PIf4 and Pif5 repression and consequent early leaf ***,we discovered that overexpression of GDS1 could delay leaf senescence and improve seed yield and N-use efficiency(NUE)in *** summary,our study uncovers a molecular framework illustrating a new mechanism underlying low-N-induced early leaf senescence and provides potential targets for genetic improvement of crop varieties with increased yield and NUE.

关键词： nitrate signaling GDS1 nitrogen-deficiency-induced leaf senescence PIf4/PIf5 APC/C ubiquitina-tion NUE

Timing of uplift and evolution of the Lüliang Mountains,North China Craton

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第10期59卷 58-69页

作者： ZHAO Junfeng LIU ChiYang nigel MOUNTNEY LU JianJun CAO JiLong YANG Yao XUE Rui State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710069China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTUK

This study analyses evidence for reformed basin development and basin-mountain coupling associated with devel- opment of the Ordos Basin and the Laliang Mountains, China. Gaining an improved understanding of the timing and nature of uplift and evolution of the Ltiliang Mountains is important for the reconstruction of the eastern sedimentary boundary of the Ordos Basin （a major petroliferous basin） as well as for providing insight into the evolution and breakup of the North China Craton （NCC）. Based on systematic sampling for fission track analysis, it is suggested that the main phase of uplift of the Laliang Mountains occurred since later part of the Early Cretaceous. Three evolutionary stages of uplift and development are identified： slow initial uplift （120-65 Ma）, accelerated uplift （65-23 Ma）, and intensive uplift （23 Ma to present）, with the ma- jority of the uplift activity having occurred during the Cenozoic. The history of uplift is non-equilibrium and exhibits complex- ity in temporal and spatial aspects. The middle and northern parts of the Ltiliang Mountains were uplifted earlier than the southern part. The most intensive episode of uplift activity commenced in the Miocene and was associated with a genetic cou- pling relationship with the eastern neighboring Cenozoic Shanxi Grabens. The uplifting and evolutionary processes of the Ltiliang Mountains area since later part of the Early Cretaceous share a unified regional geodynamic setting, which was ac- companied by uplift of the Mesozoic Ordos Basin and development of the neighboring Cenozoic Shanxi Grabens. Collectively, this regional orogenic activity is related principally to the far-field effects of both the compression sourced from the south- western Tibet Plateau and westward subduction of the Pacific Plate in Cenozoic.

关键词： Uplift fission track analysis Basin-mountain coupling Ltiliang Mountains Ordos Basin North China Craton

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就谢教授及其同僚运用西医术语表达中医概念的回复

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中国中西医结合杂志 2006年第8期26卷 746-748页

作者：魏杰长庚大学中医学院

就《中国中西医结合杂志》〔2005;25(11)∶1046—1049〕关于采用西医名词来英译中医概念,将有助于中医之西传与国际化,笔者的观点与谢教授大有出入,并认为这种翻译方法容易破坏中医概念的完整性及独立性。笔者以风火眼为例,说明此种翻... 详细信息

就《中国中西医结合杂志》〔2005;25(11)∶1046—1049〕关于采用西医名词来英译中医概念,将有助于中医之西传与国际化,笔者的观点与谢教授大有出入,并认为这种翻译方法容易破坏中医概念的完整性及独立性。笔者以风火眼为例,说明此种翻译法的缺陷。并认为对于欲深入了解中医的人,还是直译(仿造)译词较有益,并以丰富例词说明这个论点。

关键词：西医化翻译直译仿造

空间尺度转换与跨尺度信息链接:区域生态水文模拟研究空间尺度转换方法综述(英文)

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地球科学进展 2008年第2期23卷 129-141页

作者：吴江华赵鹏祥 nigel Roulet Jonathan Seaquist PENG Changhui Department of Geography McGill University Montreal Quebec 1-13A 2K6 Canada Global Environmental and Climate Change Centre ( GEC3 ) Quebec 1-13A 2K6 Canada McGill School of Environment McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada College of forestry Northwest A ＆ F University Yangling 712100China Department of Physical Geography ＆ Ecosystems Analysis Lund University SiJlvegatan 12223 62Lund Sweden Institut des Sciences de L＇environnement Universit~ du Quebec a Montreal Montreal 1-13C 3P8 Canada

空间尺度转换是近年来区域生态水文研究领域的一个基本研究问题。其需要主要是源于模型的输入数据与所能提供的数据空间尺度不一致以及模型所代表的地表过程空间尺度与所观测的地表过程空间尺度不吻合。综述了目前区域生态水文模拟研究... 详细信息

空间尺度转换是近年来区域生态水文研究领域的一个基本研究问题。其需要主要是源于模型的输入数据与所能提供的数据空间尺度不一致以及模型所代表的地表过程空间尺度与所观测的地表过程空间尺度不吻合。综述了目前区域生态水文模拟研究中常用的空间尺度转换研究方法,包括向上尺度转换和向下尺度转换。详细论述了2种向下尺度转换方法:统计学经验模型和动态模型。前者是通过将GCM大尺度数据与长期的历史观测数据比较从而建立统计学相关模型,然后利用这个统计学经验模型进行向下的空间尺度转换.然而动态模型并不直接对GCM数据进行向下尺度的转换,而是对与GCM进行动态耦合的区域气候模型(RCM)的输出数据进行空间尺度转换.通常后者所获得的数据精度要比前者高,但是一个主要缺点就是并不是全球所有的研究区域都有对应的RCM。还详细论述了2种向上尺度转换方法:统计学经验模型和斑块模型。前者是建立一个能代表小尺度信息在大尺度上分布的密度分布概率函数,然后利用这个函数在所需的大尺度上进行积分而求得大尺度所需的信息。而后者是根据相似性最大化原则将大尺度划分为若干个可操作的小尺度斑块,然后将计算的每个小尺度斑块的信息平均化得到大尺度所需的信息。通常在计算这种斑块化的小尺度信息的时候,对每个小尺度也会采用统计学经验模型来计算代表整个斑块小尺度的信息。

关键词：生态水文模拟空间尺度转换向上空间尺度转换向下空间尺度转换

Productivity constraints on Citron-crested Cockatoos in a rich community of large hole-nesting birds

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 25-35页

作者： Anna Reuleaux Benny A.Siregar nigel J.Collar Ani Mardiastuti Stuart J.Marsden Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Burung Indonesia BogorIndonesia BirdLife International CambridgeUK Bogor Agricultural University(IPB University) BogorIndonesia

Knowledge of breeding success and its limiting factors is crucial in assessing species’conservation *** cavity-nesters,parrots are particularly influenced by the availability of suitable cavities and low breeding output,whether due to natural processes or *** the island of Sumba,Indonesia,the Critically Endangered Citron-crested Cockatoo(Cacatua citrinocristata)has the added problem of co-existing with an unusually rich hole-nesting bird community in a forested environment much constrained by habitat *** monitored 95 nesting cavities of cockatoos and their competitors and potential nest-predators,over one to four breeding seasons,using a combination of camera-traps,direct checks on nest contents,and observations from the *** for suitable cavities was intense among three large parrot species,two owls and a *** rates by potential competitors were higher at unoccupied cavities than at those containing active nests,reflecting the guarding behaviour of the *** Endangered Sumba Hornbill(Rhyticeros everetti)dominated observed direct confrontations and was the most frequent visitor to active parrot nests,suggesting a further role as a potential *** prospected many cavities but rarely then attempted to nest:instead the sites were usually occupied by other cavity-nesters,or by *** the few cavities where cockatoos did breed,predation pressure was likely low,and observed success rate high(10 successful of 15 nests),although the low number of nests found early in the breeding cycle suggests that some may have failed before *** competition for cavities suggests a shortage of suitable nest-sites,the need for preservation of old hole-bearing trees and a role for ***,known,safe artificial nest-sites would also provide opportunities to assess the scale of nest-site shortage,allow camera placements to study productivity,exclude some competitors and predators,and prevent ill

关键词： Camera-traps Competition Conservation Hornbills Parrots Predation